LEPI'DIUM *.

Linnean Class and Order. TETRADYNA'MIA†, SILICULO'SA. Natural Order. CRUCIFERAS, Juss. Gen. Pl. p. 237.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. p. 138.-Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 498.-CruciferÆ; subord. NOTORHIZEE ||; tribe, LEPIDINEE; Lindl. Syn. pp. 20, 21, 29, & 30.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 14 to 18.-Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. Nat. Hist. v. i. pp. 143 & 240.Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 & 201.-Mack. Fl. Hibern. pt. 1. pp. 16, 23, & 25.-ROSALES; subord. RHOEADOSÆ; sect. RHEADINE; type, BRASSICACEE; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 784, 847, & 854.-SILIQUOSE, Linn.

GEN. CHAR. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, equal at the base, of 4 elliptical, concave, nearly equal sepals. Corolla (see fig. 2.) of 4, undivided, equal petals. Filaments (see fig. 2.) 6, simple, 2 shorter than the other 4, all shorter than the petals, sometimes deficient in number. Anthers of 2 roundish lobes. Germen (see fig. 2.) roundish. Style (see figs. 2 & 3.) slender, or wanting. Stigma (see figs. 2 & 3.) blunt. Pouch (fig. 4.) egg-shaped, or oblong, transversely compressed, either entire or notched at the summit, crowned with the style or stigma, of 2 cells (see fig. 5.); valves keeled, or occasionally ventricose; partition very narrow, crossing the greater diameter of the pouch. Seeds 1 in each cell, pendulus, egg-shaped, somewhat angular, or flattened. Cotyledons oblong, incumbent (oll), rarely accumbent (o=).

Distinguished from other genera, in the same class and order, by the egg-shaped, or somewhat heart-shaped, dehiscent pouch, with keeled, or rarely ventricose valves; the 1-seeded cells; and the somewhat triquetrous, or compressed seeds, with incumbent cotyledons. Five species British.

LEPI'DIUM LATIFO'LIUM. Broad-leaved Pepper-wort. Poor Man's Pepper. Dittander.

SPEC. CHAR. Pouch oval, entire, pointed with the stigma. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, undivided, a little serrated; lower ones on long footstalks.

Engl. Bot. t. 182.-Ray's Syn. p. 304.-Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 899.-Willd. Sp. Pl. v. iii. pt. 1. p. 436.-Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 279.-Sm. Fl. Brit. v. ii. p. 682. Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 165.-With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 757.-Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 693.-Lindl. Syn. p. 31.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 296.-Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. i. p. 339.-Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 62.-Relh. Fl. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 261.Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 194.-Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 140.-Winch's Fl. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 42.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 220.-Mack. Catal. of Pl. of Irel. p. 60.; Fl. Hibern. pt. 1. p. 26.-Raphanus sylvestris officinaJohnson's Gerarde, p. 241.

rum,

Fig. 1. Calyx.-Fig. 2. A Flower, showing the Calyx, Corolla, Stamens, and Pistil.-Fig. 3. Germen.-Fig. 4. A Pouch.-Fig. 5. A transverse section of the Pouch.-All magnified.

*From lepis lepidos, Gr. a scale; in allusion to the form of the pods, which resemble little scales. DON.

+ See Draba verna, f. 38. n. t. $See Draba verna, f. 38, a.

See Crambe maritima, f. 107. n. ‡. See Erysimum cheiranthoides, f. 62. n. [.

LOCALITIES.-In wet shady situations, and under cliffs, near the sea; and in salt marshes.-Cambridgesh. Leverington, near Wisbeach: Mr. SKRIMSHIRE, in Fl. Cant.-Durham: Near Seaton, and by the Wear near Durham Abbey: Mr. ROBSON. In limestone quarries at Hartlepool: J. HOGG, Esq. in Fl. of Northumb. & Durh.- Essex; At Heybridge near Maldon, by the water side, plentifully: RAY, and Mr. E. FOSTER, jun. Near the Hythe at Colchester; and by Fulbridge near Maldon Town's End: RAY. Marshes near Grays: Dr. WATSON. On the sea walls at Bradwell, near the sea: Mr. WoODWARD.~ Kent; Isle of Thanet: Dr. MARTYN.- Norfolk; On Sheringham Cliffs: Mr. HUMPHREY.-Northumberland; On the cliffs between Prior's Haven and Tynemouth Castle: N. J. WINCH, Esq. On the banks of hedges at the Hermitage near Hexham Mr. F. SCOTT.-In Somersetshire: Dr. GAPPER, in N. B. G.-Suffolk; Hedge by the road-side close to the bridge at Blythburgh: Mr. DAVY. Snape by the river-side, near the bridge: Rev. G. CHABB.—Surrey; In Wimbledon Park: Dr. MARTYN.-Sussex; By the Levant, below the garden of St. Mary's Hospital, Chichester, from which, very probably, it originally escaped: T. H. COOPER, Esq. in N. B. G.-Yorkshire; Rocks at Plumpton: TEESDALE. Rocks at Knaresborough, near the church; Rev. ARCHDEACON PIERSON. Redcar: J. E. LEAFE, in N. B. G.-Between Beningborough and Miton, in the North Riding: Dr. RICHARDSON.-WALES. Anglesey; In hedges at Aberffraw, and Llanrhuddlad: Rev. H. DAVIES.-Denbighshire; In Denbigh Castle, near the gateway that leads down to Highgate: Mr. GRIFFITH.-Flintshire; Hedge-banks near the Store House, between the village of Rhyddlan and the sea: Mr. GRIFFITH.-SCOTLAND. Near the sea coast. By the Castle of Weems, in Fifeshire, &c.: Rev. J. LIGHTFOOT. Upon the rock on which Bothwell-Castle is built: Dr. WALKER.-IRELAND. Corkbeg, near Cove, 1804, where it had been previously noticed by SMITH: Mr. J. T. MACKAY.

Perennial.-Flowers in June and July.

Roots acrid, very long, creeping and branched. Stems 3 or 4 feet high, upright, alternately branched, tough, round, smooth, leafy, pale, frequently flexuose. Lower leaves a span or more in length, egg-shaped, entire, somewhat a little serrated about the middle, on long stalks (petioles); upper leaves much smaller, alternate, spearshaped, or strap-shaped, pointed, nearly sessile, entire. Flowers numerous, very small, white, disposed in a racemose, clustered manner at the ends of the branches, intermixed with very small leaves. Calyx purplish, white at the edge. Petals inversely egg-shaped, entire, longer than the calyx. Stamens 6. Pouch elliptical, crowned with the sessile stigma.

The whole herb is smooth, and of a dull glaucous-green colour. It has a very hot and acrid taste; and was formerly used instead of horseradish. The young leaves are sometimes eaten in salads. An infusion of the plant will vomit. Having a hot biting taste like pepper, and the leaves having been often used by country people to give a relish to their viands instead of pepper, has obtained for it the appellation of Poor Man's Pepper.

"Each bursting bud, each opening leaf,
Some emblem yields of joy or grief;
And bears a moral, if we turn

When Nature speaks, to hear and learn."

CMathews Delk Sc.

Furby W Waxter, Botanic Garden Oxford 1837.

CHEIRA/NTHUS*.

Linnean Class and Order. TETRADYNA'MIA †, SILIQUO'SA+ Natural Order. CRUCIFER, Juss. Gen Pl. p.237.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. p. 138. Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 153.-Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 498.-CRUCIFERA; subord. PLEURORHI'ZEE||; tribe, ARABI'DEET, Lindl. Syn. pp. 20 & 22; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 14 to 18.-Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 498 & 499.; Mag. of Nat. Hist. v. i. pp. 143 & 239.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. pp. 146 & 147.-Mack. Fl. Hib. pt. 1. p. 16.-ROSALES; subord. RHEADOSE; sect, RHEADINE; type, BRASSICACEE; subtype, ARABIDE; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 614, 784, 847, 854, & 856.SILIQUOSE, Linn.

GEN. CHAR. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 4 oblong, concave, upright, converging, deciduous sepals; the 2 opposite ones protuberant at the base. Corolla (fig. 2.) cruciform, of 4 inversely egg-shaped, spreading, entire or slightly notched petals (fig. 3.); their claws upright, the length of the calyx. Filaments (fig. 4.) 6, awl-shaped, parallel, simple, distinct, the 2 opposite ones shortest, with a nectariferous gland at the base. Anthers upright, oblongarrow-shaped, acute, of 2 strap-shaped lobes. Germen (fig. 5.) strap-shaped, compressed, a little tumid at each side, the length of the stamens. Style short, nearly cylindrical. Stigma (see fig. 5.) either of 2 thick spreading lobes, or capitate and slightly notched, permanent. Pod (siliqua) (fig. 6.) strap-shaped, compressed, 2-edged, rather convex at the sides, mostly with an elevated, longitudinal, central line; valves (see fig. 7.) straight; partition membranous. Seeds (see figs. 7, 8, & 9.) ranged alternately, in a single row, egg-shaped, compressed, slightly bordered at the summit (see fig. 9.) and often at one side also; cotyledons accumbent (fig. 10). Distinguished from other genera, with accumbent cotyledons (o=), in the same class and order, by the upright converging calyx, with the 2 opposite sepals protuberent at the base; the 2-lobed or capitate stigma; and the compressed or 2-edged pod, with the seeds in a single row.

One species British.

CHEIRA'NTHUS CHEIRI. Common Wall-flower. Wild Cheir. SPEC. CHAR. Leaves spear-shaped, acute, entire, clothed with 2-parted, close-pressed hairs. Pods linear; lobes of the Stigma spreading. Stem shrubby.

Fig. 1. The Calyx.-Fig. 2. The Corolla. Fig. 3. A separate Petal.-Fig. 4. The 6 Stamens.-Fig. 5. The Germen, Style, and Stigma.-Fig. 6. A Pod.Fig. 7. A Pod, with the valves separating, showing the Partition, and the Seeds. -Fig. 8. A Seed.-Fig. 9. Ditto.-Fig. 10. The accumbent Cotyledons and Radicle.-Figs. 9 & 10 magnified.

*From cheiri or kheyry, the Arabic name of a plant, with very red sweetscented flowers, and anthos, Gr. a flower; or perhaps from cheir, Gr. the hand, and anthos, Gr. a flower; hand-flower. DON.

t See folio 38, note t. t See folio 62, note t § See folio 38, a: || See folio 141, note ||. See folio 159, note ¶.