Castle Rock, I am satisfied is wrong, having severa Itimes searched there; nor is the spot at all favourable: J. E. BOWMAN, in N. B. G.--Cumberland; Patterdale; Gilsland near Spawell: HUTCHINSON. Ashness Gill, near Keswick: E. HILL, Esq. By streams on the hill-side above Barrow Wood; Barrowdale; the lower parts of Skiddaw; Vale of Newlands; Black Rocks of Great End, abundantly; and other hills and rocks: H. C. WATSON, in N. B. G. By the cascade on the Irthing: N. B. G. Waterfall Gill Helvellyn: E. HILL, Esq.Derbysh. I received a specimen of this and S. caespitosa from Derbyshire: Mr. L. HOWARD.-Durham; Banks of the Whey Sike, Middleton Forest: Rev. J. HARRIMAN. Cawsey Dean: R. BOWMAN, in N. B. G. Near Widdy Bank on Teesdale Forest: N. J. WINCH, Esq.-Lancash. In Furness Fells, near the top of a mountain called the Old Man: Mr. ATKINSON. On Coniston Fells: Mr. JACKSON, and Miss MARY BELVER.- Northumberland; On rocks by the river Irthing, above Wardrew: N. J. WINCH, Esq.- Westmoreland; Patterdale; Over Kirkston: B. G. About the base of Helvellyn towards Patterdale: H. C. WATSON, in N. B. G. By Buckbarrow Well, in Landsleddale: N. J. WINCH, Esq. And on most of the mountains: Engl. Fl.-Yorksh. In Craven, and Wensleydale: Mr. BRUNTON On the North side of Ingleborough: N. J. WINCH, Esq.-WALES. On mountains: Hook. Brit. Fl.-SCOTLAND. Abundant in alpine rills, and springy places: Dr. HOOKER.-IRELAND. On calcareous mountains of Leitrim and Sligo: Mr. MURPHY. On Ben Bulben near Sligo, and on Conner Cliffs near Dingle: Mr. J. T. MACKAY. Perennial.-Flowers in July and August.

Root fibrous. Stems tufted, decumbent at the base, with many short, leafy, trailing shoots; the flowering part ascending, 3 or 4 inches high, leafy, smooth or hairy, unbranched. Leaves most crowded towards the root, alternate, sessile, strap-shaped, spreading, smooth, shining, variously fringed with sharp, hair-like teeth, which are seldom wanting. Panicle leafy, mostly simple, of from 3 to 4 or 6 flowers; sometimes branched and many-flowered; the stalks short, glutinous, and densely hairy. Segments of the calyx broadly egg-shaped, spreading. Petals a little longer than the calyx, inversely egg-shaped, or tongue-shaped, with 3 simple nerves, bright yellow, beautifully spotted with orange. Stigmas blunt, concave, downy. Capsule, when ripe, almost perfectly superior.

This is a very pretty alpine species, well deserving a place in the garden, where it should be planted in a peat soil, and kept rather moist; it is best kept in a pot with other alpine plants.-The Drawing for the accompanying plate was made from a specimen kindly communicated to me by Miss MARY BEEVER, from the vicinity of Coniston.

The SAXIFRA'GEÆ are herbaceous plants, variable in habit. Their leaves are simple, either divided or entire, alternate, and without stipula. Their flowerstems are simple, and often naked. Their calyx is either superior or inferior, of 4 or 5 sepals, which are more or less united at their base. Their petals are either 5, or none, inserted between the lobes of the calyx. Their stamens are 5 or 10, and are inserted either into the calyx (perigynous), or beneath the ovarium (hypogynous). The anthers are 2-celled, and burst longitudinally. The disk is either hypogynous or perigynous, sometimes nearly obsolete, sometimes annular and notched, rarely consisting of 5 scales. The ovarium is inferior, or nearly superior, usually consisting of 2 or 5 carpels, or follicles, cohering more or less on the inner side, but distinct at the apex; sometimes it is 2-celled, with a central placenta; sometimes 1-celled, with parietal placentas, rarely 4- or 5-celled. Styles none; the stigmas being sessile on the tips of the lobes of the ovarium. The fruit is generally a membranous 1- or 2-celled capsule, with 2 bracteas, rarely a 4 or 5-celled, 4- or 5-valved capsule; sometimes it is a 4-celled berry. The seeds are numerous, and very minute, and usually have long hexagonal reticulations on the side of a transparent testa. The embryo is taper, in the axis of fleshy albumen, with the radical next the hylum. See Lind. Syn, and Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot.

Radiola milligrána. Thyme-leaved Flax-seed. ©

CMathews, Delf Se

Pub by WBaxter Botanic Garden, Oxford. 1896.

RADIOLA *.

Linnean Class and Order. TETRA'NDRIA †, TETRAGYNIA. Natural Order. LI'NEE, De Cand.-Lindl. Syn. p. 53; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 155.-Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 502.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. i. p. 449.- GERANIACEA; Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 474.-ROSALES; sect. GRUINE; type, LINACEÆ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614 & 808.-GRUINALES, Linn.— CARYOPHYLLEÆ, sect. 7. Juss. Gen. Pl. pp. 299 & 303.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. pp. 159 & 161.

GEN. CHAR. Calyx (see fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 4 principal segments, each of which is deeply and acutely 3-cleft, permanent. Corolla of 4, inversely egg-shaped, undivided, spreading petals, the length of the calyx, and alternate with its principal segments. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 3.) 4, awl-shaped, the length of the petals, without any intermediate imperfect filaments. Anthers roundish, of 2 lobes. Germen (see fig. 4.) superior, roundish, 4-lobed. Styles (see fig. 5.) terminal, hair-like, very short, permanent. Stigmas capitate, blunt. Capsules (see fig. 5.) roundish, somewhat pointed, with 8 furrows, 8 valves, with inflexed edges, cohering in pairs, and 8 cells. Seeds (fig. 6.) solitary in the cells, egg-shaped, compressed, polished.

Distinguished from other genera, in the same class and order, by the calyx of 1 sepal in 4 principal segments, each of which is 3-cleft; the corolla of 4 petals; and the capsule of 8 cells and 8 valves. One species British.

Least

RADIOLA MILLEGRA'NA. Thousand-seeded Flax-seed. Thyme-leaved Flax-seed. All-seed. Dwarf All-seed. Rupture-wort.

SPEC. CHAR.

Engl. Bot. t. 893.-Curt. Brit. Entomol. v. viii. t. 358.-Sm. Fl. Brit. v. i. p. 202. Engl. Fl. v. ii. p. 243.-With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p. 263.--Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 79.-Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 19.-Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 60.-Rev. G. E. Smith's Pl of S. Kent, p. 12.-Fl. Devon. pp. 32 & 181.-Johnst. Fl. of Berw. v. i. p. 43. -Winch's Fl. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 11.-Walk. Fl. of Oxf. p. 46.Perry's Pl. Varv. Selectæ, p. 15.-Mack. Catal. of Pl. of Irel. p. 20.-Radiola linoides, Gmelin's Systema Naturæ, v. ii. p. 289.-Lindl. Syn. p. 54.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. i. p. 458.- Radiola vulgaris serpyllifolia, DILL. in Ray's Syn. p. 345.-Linum Radiola, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 402. Syst. Nat. (12th ed.) v. ii. p.225.-Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 134.-Lightf Fl. Scot. v. i. p. 174.-Purt. Midl. Fl. v. i. p. 165.-Linum millegranum, Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 641.-Millegrana minima, Ray's Syn. (2nd ed.) p. 207.-Johns. Ger. £69.-Chamælinum vulgare, Vaillant's Bot. Parisiense, p. 33. t. 4. f. 6.

LOCALITIES In wet sandy ground, and on moist heaths.-In Berks; J. E. BICHENO, Esq.-Bucks; On Gerard's Cross Common near Bulstrode: Mr. GOTORED-In Cheshire: J. E. BoWMAN, in N. B. G.-Cornwall; Plentiful on moist and gravelly heaths about Penzance, &c.: H. C. WATSON, in N. B. G. -Devon; Bovey Heathfield; Haldon, Hightor Down; frequent: Fl. Devon.Essex; In a boggy soil, a little way in the wood, opposite the Bald-faced Stag, near Woodford: R. WARNER.-Kent; On sandy banks between Ore and Luddenham, near Fevershain; common: E. JACOB, Esq. Willesboro' and Bra

Fig. 1. A Flower, showing the Calyx, Corolla, and Stamens.-Fig. 2. A separate Petal.-Fig. 3. A Stamen.-Fig. 4. The Germen.-Fig. 5. A Capsule, showing the valves separating in pairs.--Fig. 6. A Seed.

From radiolus, a little ray, in allusion to the rayed capsules. G. Don. + See Asperula odorata, folio 46, note f.

bourne Leas: Rev. G. E. SMITH. Ashdown and Waterdown Forests, &c.; Fl. Tonb.-Lancash. Near Coniston: Miss SUSAN BIEVER. At Southport: G. CROSFIELD, Esq.-Norfolk; Rollesby, Belton, &c. not uncommon: Hist. Yar. -Northumberland; On Newcastle Town Moor, by the road leading to Benton: Rev. J. BIRKET.-In Nottinghamshire; T. H. COOPER, in N. B. G.Surrey; Near Battersea, and on the West side of Wandsworth Common: Mr. W. PAMPLIN, jun. Coulsdon: E. Woon, in N. B. G.- Warwicksh. Coleshill Pool: T. PURTON, Esq. About a mile south of Rugby, on the side of the Barby road, opposite Mr. Richardson's Farm; July 2, 1831, very sparingly: W. B.Worcestersh. Astwood Heath: T. PURTON, Esq.-Yorksh. Hutton Moor; Copwold; Stockton Forest: N. J. WINCH, Esq.-WALES. Anglesey; On wet commons: Rev. H. DAVIES.-Merionethsh. Low rocks, Barmouth: J. E. BOWMAN, in N. B. G.-SCOTLAND. Berwicksh. Ancroft Moor: Dr. G. JOHNSTON. Icolmkill: Sir JOSEPH BANKS. Langside: Dr. BROWN. Roadside between Dumbarton and Helensburgh, plentiful: HOPKIRK. Banks of the Sprey, between Fochabers and Orton: Mr. MAUGHAN. Kinross-shire and Angus-shire: Mr. ARNOTT. Cluuy: Rev. Mr. RICHIE. About Loch Ransa in Arran; and common in the North counties; Perth, Inverness, &c.: Mr. MURRAY.-RELAND. Glangariff: Mr. DRUMMOND. Marshy grounds near Brandon: Mr. J. T. MACKAY. Rosses and Fanet, Donegal: E. MURPHY, Esq. in Mag. Nat. Hist. v. i. p. 437.

Annual.-Flowers in July and August.

Root fibrous, small. Stem upright, from an inch to two inches and a half high, repeatedly forked, cylindrical, smooth, leafy, manyflowered, moderately spreading, and somewhat corymbose. Leaves opposite, small, sessile, egg-shaped, smooth, entire, 3-ribbed. Flowers white, very minute, on slender, thread-shaped flower-stalks, solitary, from the forks of the stem, as well as its ultimate branches. Petals 4, white, alternate with the principal segments of the calyx. Capsule of a light brown colour, rather depressed.

The specimen of this curious and interesting little plant, from which the drawing for the accompanying plate was made, was obligingly communicated to me by Miss SUSAN BEEVER, who gathered it in the vicinity of Coniston, Lancashire. To the kindness of this young lady, and that of her sister, Miss MARY Beever, I am indebted for the four plants figured in this Number.

There is no branch of Natural History so well adapted for the study and amusement of young ladies as that of Botany; it is, indeed, as Sir J. E. SMITH has very justy observed, a science in which all is elegance and delight, and in which no painful, disgusting, unhealthy experiments or inquiries are to be made;" but, on the contrary, its pleasures spring up under our feet, and, as we pursue them, reward us with health and serene satisfaction."

It is recorded of the amiable and pious Mrs. E. Rowe, that there was scarcely a flower, a plant, an insect, or a bird, that grew, crept, or sung in her garden, which did not administer to her happiness. In one of her letters to her sister, she says, "I have been just taking a solitary walk, and entertaining myself with all the innocent pleasures, that verdant shades, painted flowers, fragrant breezes, and warbling birds can yield. If I could communicate my pleasures by description, I would call the muses to assist me; but I am afraid it would be insipid to you, that are but moderately fond of the country. Yet I am sure you would relish any pleasure that heightened your devotion; and what can more effectually raise it, than viewing the beauties of nature? I have been pulling a thousand flowers in pieces, to view their elegance and variety, and have a thousand times with rapture repeated MILTON's lines:

These are thy glorious works, Parent of good,

Almighty, thine this universal frame,

Thus wondrous fair! thyself how wondrous then!
Speak, ye, who best can tell, ye sons of light,
Angels;-for ye behold him.-

They indeed behold the great original; but it is not denied me to trace his footsteps in the flowery fields, and hear some faint echoes of his voice in the harmony of birds, or meet his gentle whispers in the softness of the evening breezes; yet this only raises my impatience to be admitted to the blissful vision of uncreated beauty." Lett. xiv. p. 198.