the effect of lodging the political power in the hands of those who are exempt from direct taxation. An agitation rises for the removal of customs-duties upon articles of general consumption, such as tea, coffee, sugar, and tobacco; and the Minister of the day, unable to stem the torrent, is forced to yield. In such a case as this, which may very readily be imagined, and which indeed is sure to occur, how could the revenue be raised? Sir Charles Wood has already shown us how by augmenting the direct tax upon rated industry to an amount equal to the defalcation. There is no reason whatever why sevenpence, or even a shilling per pound, should be the limited rate. No tax can be more popular than a direct one, to which the majority of the people do not contribute; and much of that powerful support which the Whigs have hitherto received from the Irish members in their financial policy, may be traced to the fact that Ireland has all along been exempted from the operation of this obnoxious impost. Mr Henry Grattan lately declared, that Ministers might as well attempt to levy Income Tax in Siberia as in Ireland. If so, let us by all means get rid of it in Great Britain also. These considerations are well worthy of attention at the present time. The questions of taxation and of representation are closely bound together, and it is in vain to attempt separating the one from the other. The frequent shifts of Sir Robert Peel, and the principles of expediency which, in 1842, he thought fit to apply to taxation, have altogether unsettled
the minds of many, and equal justice is no longer regarded as the grand element in the distribution of national burdens. No greater evil than this can befal a country so eminently commercial as our own. To tamper with the public faith is to introduce the wedge of anarchy; and yet, how is it possible to deny that almost every one of Peel's fiscal and monetary measures have had a tendency in that direction, by disturbing the distribution of taxation, altering the value of produce, and rendering the burden of monetary payments more oppressive than it was before?
We do not believe that Lord John Russell will have the opportunity of proposing his new scheme in the character of Prime Minister of this country. Events are rapidly tending to their consummation; the Whig Cabinet exists by suffrance only, and in a few weeks it may be broken up. It has served its purpose of conducting the Free-Trade experiment to a point, when the miserable fallacy and deception of the whole system has become apparent to the nation; no one interest having been left unscathed by its noxious influence. If the manufacturers have rightly profited by the lesson, they must by this time be convinced that they cannot separate themselves from the interests of the great mass of the British people; that their boasted independence and monopoly of the markets of the world is a vain and illusory dream; and that the real prosperity of the nation can only be attained by fostering the labour and protecting the industry of the subjects of the British Crown.
Eneid, the, and the Iliad, 55.
ESCHYLUS, SHAKSPEARE, AND SCHILLER,
641.
AGRICULTURAL INTEREST, THE, AND THE
MINISTRY, 368-its losses from free-
trade, 219.
Agricultural labourers, reduced wages
of the, 505.
Agriculture, the literature of, 588-its
moral influences, 589 true value of
science to it, 595-its prospects, 598.
Agriculturists, refusal of relief to the, 371.
Aird, T., an Evening Walk by, 603.
Albano the painter, anecdote of, 321.
Alexander Alexander, trial of, for for-
gery, 461, 605.
Altai mountains, gold mines of the, 11.
Alton Locke, extract from, 266.
America, Marmier's Letters on, 545 et seq.
AMERICAN POETS, 513.
American chapel at Rome, the, 251-
manners, sketches of, 548 et seq.
poetry, alleged non-nationality of, 514.
Americans, sketches of the, 546 et seq.
Angus, the earl of, marriage of Queen
Margaret to, 50.
Antiquarian treasures, difficulties of
securing, &c., 661.
ARCHEOLOGY OF SCOTLAND, WILSON'S,
660.
Architecture, medieval, character of, 305.
Argyleshire, decline of rents in, 378.
Arrow-heads, flint, 665, 666.
Art, obligations of, to the monastic or-
ders, 305.
ARTS IN PORTUGAL, the, 338.
Assignats, influence of the system of, 2.
Attica, importations of corn into, 589.
Augustine, the Benedictines established
in England by, 312.
Augustine order of Monks, the, 307, 316.
Auricular confession, when adopted by
Popery, 248.
Austria, army of, 206.
Aztecs of America, the, 390.
Bailey, rev. Dr., trial of, for forgery, 463.
Baillie, Mr, his motion on the Ceylon
affair, 500.
Ball, the, a Hungarian sketch, 89.
Bamberg, executions for witchcraft in,
455, 456.
Bank of England, influence of Califor-
nian gold on the, 17.
Banks, Mr, on the Stirling peerage case,
469, 470.
Barlow, Mr, election of, for South Not-
tingham, 379.
Bartolomeo, St Peter Martyr by, 318.
Bastiat, M., the leader of the Free-
traders in France, 116.
Bedford, Mr, letters from Southey to,
364, 365, 395 et seq.
Belem, castle of, its erection, 340.
Bell, Dr, letter from Southey to, 405 -
Mr, the Campana of Tom Cringle, 558.
Belvoir witches, the, 457.
Benedictine orders, the, 307, 312.
BIOGRAPHY, 40-distinction between it
and history, ib.-female writers of, 43.
Blackie's Eschylus, extracts from, 646,
Blain, Mr, on the emigration trade, 127.
Bloodhounds of Cuba, the, 561.
Bombay, freights from, 714.
Boniface VIII., charge of sorcery against,
451 claims of, on behalf of the
church, 577.
Bonner, bishop, 131.
Book of the Church, Southey's, 402.
BOOK OF THE FARM, the, 588.
Bordeaux, Cobden's reception in, 116.
BORROW'S LAVENGRO, 322.
Boswell's Johnson, popularity of, 41.
Bothwell, the earl of, charge of witch-
Bowles, admiral, on the navy, 210-Miss,
marriage of Southey to, 404.
Bread, prices of, in London and Paris, 129.
BRITISH LABOUR AND FOREIGN RECI-
PROCITY, 112.
Bryant's Poems, review of, 522.
Buchanan, epitaph by, on Queen Magda-
lene, 52.
Budget, remarks on the, 494.
Building of the Ship, Longfellow's, 517.
Bullionists, overthrow of the fallacies of
the, 197.
Bunyan, Southey's Life of, 403.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, the threatened
invasion of, 211 et seq.-sketches of,
by Lord Holland, 238.
Calcutta, freights from, 714.
California, gold raised from, results likely
to follow, &c., 7.
Callot, sketch of, 720 et seq.
Calvary, Gran Vasco's painting of, 341.
Campan, madame, her memoirs of Marie
Antoinette, 236.
Canada, character of the trade of, 128-
shipping employed with, 218-dimi-
nished exports to, 275.
Caracci, Annibal, anecdote of, 321.
Carey's Harmony of Interests, &c., 117-
on the emigrant trade of America, 127.
Carmelite order of monks, the, 317, 320.
Carré, the case of, 583.
Cash payments, effects of the resumption
of, 274.
Catherine de Medicis, charge of sorcery
against, 465.
Catholic emancipation, prognostics of
the opponents of, 196-its failure, 574,
575.
Caxton, Pisistratus, My Novel by, Part V.
20 Part VI. 137 Part VII. 282-
Part VIII. 428 - Part IX. 531 - Part
X. 676.
Celibacy of the clergy, when adopted by
Popery, 247.
Ceylon, proceedings in parliament re-
garding, 500.
Changeling, the, by Lowell, 529.
Charles I. opposed to trials for witch-
craft, 458.
Charles II., executions for witchcraft
under, 460.
Children, employment of, in factories, 268.
Chorus, Greek, origin of the, 643.
Church of England, philanthropic efforts
of the, 258-Southey's attachment to
the, 402.
Cid, the Spanish romance of the, 56.
Clarke, Elizabeth, execution of, for
witchcraft, 458.
Claudia, a Hungarian tale, 90.
Cotton trade, state of the, 114, 383, 703
et seq.-diminished profits of it, 707-
effects of free trade on it, 757 et seq.
Credit, influence of Californian gold on, 17.
Crime, tables of, 1822-1849, 261.
Cristal, the Sierra de, in Cuba, 562.
Cromwell, prosecutions for witchcraft
under, 458.
Cuba, sketches in, 555.
CURRAN AND HIS COTEMPORARIES, 222.
CURRENCY EXTENSION ACT OF NATURE,
the, 1.
Currency, influences of extended, 2 –
effects of contraction of the, 3-delu-
sions on, and effects of the importation
of Californian gold on them, 197.
Currency bill of 1819, effects of the, 272.
Curse of Kehama, strictures on the, 387,
390.
Damjanics, the Serb general, 92.
DANGERS OF THE COUNTRY, the, No. I.
our External dangers, 196-No. II.
our Internal dangers, 257.
Dante, his picture of St Francis and St
Dominick, 318.
Dantzic, cost of freights from, 504.
Debt, effects of increased supply of gold
on the weight of, 14.
Delta, the Message of Seth by, 107.
Clergy, celibacy of the, when adopted Democracies, warlike tendencies of, 203
Cloth trade, state of the, 709.
Clyde, emigration from the, 277.
Coal, produce of, in the United States, 118.
Coasting trade, freights in the, 715.
Cobden on the effects of a restricted cur-
rency, 13 his reception in France,
Coffee trade, state of the, 701, 702.
Coleridge, connection of, with Southey
and the Pantisocratic scheme, 359.
Colonial Empire of Great Britain, force
required to defend the, 208.
Colonies, threatened abandonment of the,
218 outlet afforded by the, 270-
growing alienation of the, 637.
Commerce, progress of, 258.
-they unprovided against war, 200.
Development, the doctrine of, 575.
Direct taxation, repugnance to, 502.
Disraeli, Mr, his motion on the agricul-
tural question and its reception, 370,
374, 491.
Doctor, Southey's, remarks on, 388.
Doesborcke's history of Virgil the magi-
cian, 453.
Dominican order of monks, the, 317-
their founder, 338.
Doubleday, Mr, on the effects of free-
trade, 507.
Douglas, Gawin, on the marriage of Queen
Margaret and the Earl of Angus, 50—
-the Lady Margaret, birth of, 51.
Doyle, Sir John, anecdote of, 227.
COMMERCIAL AND MANUFACTURING PROS- Drama, the Greek and the Modern, 643.
Condon, reply of Dr Wordsworth to, 576.
Confession, when adopted by Popery,
Conjurors, executions, &c. of, for witch-
craft, 454.
Constance, the council of, denunciations
of witchcraft by, 454.
Conticci, Andrea, the painter, 340.
Dramatic unities, on the, 646.
Duelling, former prevalence of, in Ire-
land, 229-and present, in New
Orleans, 556.
Du Fay and Co., circulars of, on the
cotton trade, 703.
Duigenan, Dr, anecdote of, 227.
Dundee, state of the linen trade of, 114,
759.
Corn-milling in France, 711-effects of Dunshunner, A. R. Esq., letter to, 564.
Durer, Albert, influence of, on the Por-
tuguese artists, 341.
Durham, the bishop of, on the papal
aggression, 255.
Edinburgh castle, historic interest of, 45.
Edinburgh Review, the, on Holland's
Reminiscences, 234, 236 - on
social state, 257.
Education, recent efforts for, 259.
Elf arrows of Scotland, the, 665.
Egalité, Lord Holland on, 237.
Eird houses of Scotland, the, 664.
Eldon, lord, 197 note, 399.
Emancipados of Cuba, the, 562.
Emerson, the poetry of, 513.
Emigrant trade, the American,
ships employed in it, 217.
Emigration, progressive increase of, 219,
259, 276-tables of it, 1825-1849, 260
note-how conducted, 277.
England, the poor rates of, 259-tables of
crime in 1822-1849, 261 note--and of
pauperism, 262 note-executions for
witchcraft in, 456.
Enguerrand de Marigny, execution of, 452.
Epos, Wolfe on the, 55.
Essex, the countess of, charge of witch-
craft against, 457.
Essex, the agricultural labourers in, 505.
Europe, influence of the mines of South
America on, 2-progress of protec
tionist principles in, 115.
Evangeline, Longfellows, 521.
EVENING WALK, an, by T. Aird, 603.
EXPERIENCES OF FREE TRADE, 748.
Exports, increase of the, and its causes,
16, 218, 258, 759-to the United States,
17.
EXTERNAL DANGERS, our, 196.
FARM, BOOK OF THE, 588.
Farmers, position of the, 505 et seq.
Fiend's Festival, a Hungarian sketch, 94.
FINE ARTS, the monastic orders as repre-
sented in the, 305-indifference to the,
in the United States, 551.
FLOWERS' REVENGE, the, 489.
Foreman, Dr, a wizard, 457.
France, protectionist feeling, &c. in, 116
-fall of price of gold in, 199―warlike
tendencies of democracy in, 203-
army of, 206-and navy, 207-state of
the latter, 209-history of witchcraft
in, 454-corn-milling in, 711.
Franchise, proposed extension of the,
492, 765.
Franciscan order of monks, the, 317.
FREE TRADE MINISTRY, latter days of the,
FREE TRADE, EXPERIENCES OF, 748.
Free trade, the increased exports not due
to, 16-general review of its results,
115, et seq., 274-declaration of the
working classes on, 510-how carried,
764.
Free-traders, arguments of the, on the
decline of shipping, 217-errors of the,
regarding freights, 504-allegations of
prosperity by the, 700.
Freights, reduction of, 713.
Fricker, Miss, marriage of Southey to, 361.
Gaussin, Mdlle., career of, 717.
George of St Thomas, a Hungarian tale, 94.
Germany, trials of witchcraft in, 455, et
VOL. LXIX.-NO. CCCCXXVIII.
Glasgow, pauperism in, 264—on the state
of the population in, ib.
Glasgow cotton-spinners, trial of the, 733.
Gold, produce of, from California, and its
effects, 7-the supply of, from the Ural
and Altai mountains, 11-fall in its
value, 12, 199-supposed fixity of its
standard, 197.
Government, undue activities of, 113.
Grahame, sir James, on the protectionist
party, 369-position of, and his party,
376-his speech on the agricultural
question, 377-violent language of,
380-his committal to free-trade, 492
-his party, 495,764-on the prospects
of agriculture, 598, 599-contrast be-
tween him and Lord Stanley, 640.
Grain, importations of, from the United
States, 127-dependence on foreign
states for it, 214-importations of it, ib.
noto et seq.
Gran Vasco, the Portuguese painter, 339,
340, 341.
Grattan, sketch of, 229.
Great Britain, influence of contraction of
the currency on, 3-effects of an in-
creased supply of gold on, 13-perils
of war to, and its possibility, 201 et
seq-recent warlike tendencies in, 204
-state of her national defences, 205-
the army, 206-the navy, 207-her de-
pendence on Russia and America, 216.
Greek Epos, distinction between, and the
Roman, 55-drama, peculiarities of
the, 643.
Greek question, the, 205.
Guadaloupe, prospects of, 555.
H. G. K., the Flowers' Revenge, by, 489.
Hale, sir Mathew, trials for witchcraft
before, 460.
HARMONY OF INTERESTS, &c., review of,
HARRY BOLTON'S CURACY, 180.
Havana, facilities of communication from
the, 545-sketches at, 557 et seq.
Head, sir F., account of the continental
armies, &c., by, 207, 209.
Hendren, Dr, and Miss Talbot's case, 582.
Herodotus, character of the history of, 40.
Highlands, effects of free-trade on the,
126, 219.
Historians, the ancient, peculiarities of, 40.
History, distinction between, and bio-
graphy, 40-difficulties of writing
modern, ib.
Holland, abandonment of gold as a
standard in, 199.
HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES, 234.
Holmes' poems, review of, 529.
Home trade, state of the, 757 et seq.
Homer, Wolf on, 55.
Hopkins, Mathew, the witchfinder, 458
-his death, 459.
HOUSSAYE'S SKETCHES AND ESSAYS, 716.
Humphreys or Alexander, trial of, for
forgery, 461 et seq., 605 et seq.
HUNGARIAN MILITARY SKETCHES, 89.
Hunter and others, trial of, 733.
Iliad, Wolf's theory of the, 55-compared
with the Niebelungen-lied, 56, 67.
Imports, progress of, 258.
Income tax, position of the ministry re-
garding the, 491-tables illustrating
its injustice, 638, 639.
Index Expurgatorius, the, 585.
India, commission to, in search of cotton,
117-importation of cotton from, 123
- warlike tendencies in, 204-con-
sumption, &c., of cotton in, 280 note.
Indulgences, when adopted by popery,
Infallibility, rise of the doctrine of, 246.
Invocation of saints, adoption of, by
popery, 247.
Ireland, effects of free trade on, 125–
decline of wheat culture in, 215-
emigration from, 219-the poor rates
of, 259-tables of crime in, 1822-1849,
261 note-and of pauperism, 264 note
diminished cultivation in, 275-
failure of Catholic emancipation in,
574.
Iron, produce of, in the United States,
Iron trade, state of the, 114-its pros-
pects, 120.
Jackson, J., on the milling interest, 755.
James IV., his marriage with Margaret
Tudor, 48.
James V., his first queen Magdalene, 51
-his second, Mary of Lorraine, 52.
James VI., prosecutions for witchcraft
under, 456.
JAMESON'S LEGENDS OF THE MONASTIC
ORDERS, 305.
Jesuits, character of the order of the,
319-prosecutions of witchcraft by,
Joan of Arc, condemnation of, for sor-
cery, 452-Southey's poem of, 361,
JOHN BULL, additional chapters from the
history of, chap. i. 69-chap. ii. 75-
chap. iii. 80-chap. iv. 85-chap. v. 164
chap. vi. 167-chap. vii. 172-chap.
viii. 176.
King, Mr Locke, his motion on the
franchise, 492.
Kirwan, dean, sketch of, 232.
Knights Templars, executions of the, as
sorcerers, 451.
Labanoff, prince, his letters of Mary
Stuart, 53.
Labour, depressed condition of, 112.
Lamb, Dr, execution of, as a wizard, 458.
Lancashire witches, the, 457.
Landsdowne, lord, speech of, on the
ministerial crisis, 493.
LATIMER AND RIDLEY, 131.
LAVENGRO, 322.
LETTSOM'S TRANSLATION OF THE NIEBE-
LUNGEN LAY, 55.
Linen trade, state of the, 114, 759.
Linlithgow palace, James IV. and his
queen at, 49.
Liquid manures, overstrained represen
tions regarding, 596.
Littledale, Messrs, on the state of the silk
trade, 383-the trade circulars of, 701.
Liverpool, emigration from, 277.
Livy, peculiarities of the history of, 40.
Locke on toleration to Catholics, 197.
London and Paris, prices of bread, &c.,
in, compared, 129.
Longfellow's poems, review of, 516.
Lorraine, executions for witchcraft in, 455.
Lothian, the witches of, 456.
Louis Philippe, effects of his pacific
policy, 203.
Louisiana, the French settlers in, 555,
556.
Loupsgarous, the superstition of, 455.
Lowell, J. R., the poems of, 526.
Lowes, Mr, execution of, as a wizard, 459,
Loyola, character of, 319.
L' Univers, the, on Protestantism, 250.
Luxury, absorption of the precious me-
tals by, 5.
Lyric poetry, prominence of, in Greek
drama, 643.
Lytton, sir E. B., his letter to John
Bull, 748 et seq.
M'CORKINDALE, R., LETTER FROM, to A.
R. Dunshunner, Esq., 564.
M'Culloch on the effects of an increased
supply of gold, 9.
M'Gregor, Mr, scheme of taxation pro-
posed by, 502.
M Nair & Co. on the cotton trade, 704.
Madoc, Southey's, 387, 390.
Magdalene of Valois, queen of James V.,
Magic, schools of, 450.
Magician, distinction between, and the
witch, 450.
Magyar Hussar, sketch of the, 90.
Magyars and Serbs, the, 95 note.
Maistre, count le, on Protestantism, 250.
Malleus Maleficarum, the, 454.
Manningtree, execution of witches at,
Manufacturers, the export, predominance
of, 636.
Margaret Tudor, Miss Strickland's life
of, 48.
Marie Antoinette, charges by lord Hol-
land against, 236.
Mark Lane Express, the, on the price of
grain, 215.
Marmier's letters on America, 545 et seq.
Martinique, prospects of, 555.
Mary of Lorraine, wife of James V., 52.
Mary Stuart, the case of, 46, 53.
Mass worship, the, when adopted by
popery, 246, 248.
Mechanical invention, present influence
of, 3.
Medieval architecture, on, 305.
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