stood the people of the North. They did not think that Northern men would fight. Editors of newspapers informed them that one Southerner was equal to half a dozen Yankees. They applied opprobrious epithets to Abraham Lincoln because he had prominent features, likening him to a baboon. Because he had split rails for a living they contemptuously called him the "rail-splitter." The far-seeing, thoughtful men of the South knew very little of the power of the Northern people. The Northern people themselves did not know how strong they were. The world had small comprehension of the forces which had been silently building the nation for three-fourths of a century; the self-reliance that comes from education; the power of diversified industry-the power of invention, science, art; the newspapers read in every farm-house, every home, by the blacksmith at his forge, the joiner at his bench; the power of free thought, the pulpit, the lyceum, the townmeeting. The slave-holders regarded with contempt the men from Ireland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden who had crossed the Atlantic to rear themselves homes on the prairies of the West. They did not think that such "foreign mercenaries," as they were called, would fight. They knew nothing of their love for liberty. The slave-holders did not comprehend that the war which they were waging was against the moral sense of the world; that the farmer driving his team afield, the mechanic, the laborer everywhere, by a heaven-born intuition, would regard it as a war for the degradation of labor. Jefferson Davis little thought that the men and women of England, when there was no cotton for them to spin and weave, when starvation would be staring them in the face, when their children would be crying for bread, instead of influencing England to interfere in behalf of the slave-holding States, would be holding prayer-meetings for the success of the Northern people -their hearts telling them that it was their battle which the North was fighting. The aristocracy, the dukes, lords, and nobles of England, and kings and emperors-the whole world, it may be said-knew nothing of the strength of a government of the people to suppress secession, exterminate slavery, and establish justice, right, and liberty. As little did the people of the Northern States understand the South. William H. Seward thought the South would yield; that there would be little fighting. Most men thought that the trouble would soon be over; not comprehending the eternal antagonism between freedom and slavery. The Northern people did not know that the doctrine of "State Rights," in the resolution written by Jefferson in 1798, advocated by John C. Calhoun, had become a great principle in the Southern States-that men had come to believe that the State was far more than the nation; that there had been a dying out of love for the Union; that in taking up arms the Southern people would sincerely and truly believe they were fighting for liberty. The Northern people thought that it would be an easy matter to re-assert the authority of the government and put down secession. One by one other Southern States-North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Arkansas-joined the Confederacy. Few were those who foresaw what would follow the first shot fired upon Fort Sumter-what an uprising of the people of the North; what a marshalling of the armies of the Confederacy; what battles were to be fought and victories won. But the story of the war-how secession was put down; the Confederacy crushed; the Union preserved; slavery destroyed; liberty, justice, right, and the government of the people re-established; the nation ennobled, purified, glorified; the Stars and Stripes made evermore the emblem of the world's best hope--all of this must be reserved for another volume. Adams, John, President, 112; issues proclama- Bache, Alexander Dallas, 459. tion, 115. John Quincy, 240. Nehemiah, 395. Admission of California, 394. Agassiz, Louis, 458. Aid Committee of Kansas, 411. Ainsworth's Psalms, 266. Alamo, battle of, 296. Alcott, Bronson, 288. Ambrister, hung by General Jackson, 242. Ampudia, General, 322. Anecdote of Democrat and priest, 60. Antislavery discussion, beginning of, 306. Society, formation of, 288. Arista, General, 321. Arkwright, Richard: spinning-frame, 71. Assault on Charles Sumner, 414. Assembly, Presbyterian, 285. Atchison, David R., 410. Attucks, Crispus, 401. Auction, slave, 387. Augers, invention of, 139. Aunt Rachel, 421, 422. Austin, Stephen F., settles Texas, 291. Backus, Colonel, 177. Bainbridge, William, 121, 123, 169. Bank charter, 235. of the United States, 41. failures, 235. Banquet in Boston, 59; in Philadelphia, 60. Barbary pirates, 129. States, 121. Barber, Thomas W., 411. Bastile, 42, 50, 58. Battles, Naval: Constellation and Le Croyable, Battles, Land: General Harmar's defeat, 30; St. Bulfinch, Doctor: Oregon trade, 364. C. 175; Sackett's Harbor, 177; Fort Stephenson, | Buena Vista, battle of, 325. 412. Bay-state Psalm-book, 266. Bent's Fort, 383. Bible Society formed, 265. wanted by Indians, 371. Bigelow, Francis E., 400. Billings, Mr., 269. Birney, James G., 307. Black Hawk, 471. Black Jack, battle of, 412. Bladensburg, battle of, 212. Blaew, William, printing-press, 436. Blanchet, M., 378. Blennerhasset, Mr., 139. Blythe, Captain, 186. Booth, Sherman M., 402. Border Ruffians, 411, 415. Bowles, Colonel, 327. Brant, John, 157. Breckinridge, John C., 469. Breton Club, 51. Broadcloth manufacture, 236. Brock, General, 152. Brooks, Preston S.: attack on Charles Sumner, 414. Brown, A. G., 394. General, 177. -, John, 410, 460. Brunswick, Duke of, 53. Buchanan, James, 414. Buffman, Arnold, and Antislavery Society, 288. Calhoun, John C., 148, 248, 468. Catlin, Mr., 371. Celebration of the Constitution in New York, 22. of the French Revolution, 59. Cerro Gordo, battle of, 335. Chaises, 238. Champlin, Stephen: battle of Lake Erie, 189. Chapultepec, battle of, 348. Chauncey, Commodore, 174. Cheever, George B., and Deacon Giles's distillery, 275. Cherubusco, battle of, 345. Chillicothe, settlement of, 132. Christmas in Virginia, 107. Church property in France, 50. Cincinnati, settlement of, 28. Civil war in Kansas, 412. Clark, Captain, 366. Clarke, William, 120. Classes in Mexico, 317. Clay, General, 175. Henry, 147, 243, 400. Clinton, De Witt, 132, 239. Clymer, George, 437. Cobb, Howell, 469. Cockburn, Admiral, 211. Coffee, General, 209. Coffin, Levi, and Underground Railroad, 418, 422. Burgess, Ebenezer, and the Colonization Society, Cokes, John, at San Jacinto, 298. 283. Burns, Anthony, sent back to slavery, 401. Burr, Aaron, 119, 138. Colonization Society, formation of, 282. Colored schools, 289. Columbia River, discovery of, 365. |