otherwise follow, and will be held temporarily, sticking to the poles, while the purely stony matter, insensible to the influence of the magnets, continues to drop. In Mr. Edison's arrangement the downpour of ore is checked every five seconds, and then the current is shut off, so that the particles of iron temporarily attracted to the poles of the magnets are released. They fall on the other side of a thin partition from the non-metallic refuse; and the two go out through different chutes, and are carried off by separate conveying machinery.

It is claimed that an undergraduate of St. John's College, Oxford, Eng., has invented an indicator, which, on being attached to the rowlock of a boat, records the amount of work accomplished by the oar. An arc is described on the face of the instrument, whereby the pressure exerted by the oar is indicated in foot-pounds, so that it may at once be seen how much work any member of a crew is actually accomplishing. The indicator will also show the character of the work, whether the stroke is steady throughout or irregular.

In the Johns Hopkins Hospital at Baltimore, Md., a patient under hypnotic influence was recently operated upon successfully for diseased kidney, no anæsthetics being used.

The honor of being the first to photograph the brain of a living being, is claimed for Dr. Carleton Simon of New York city, who, it is said, exhibits a picture of his own brain obtained by a process in which neither X rays nor cathode rays were a factor. Dr. Simon's experiments in this line have been conducted for nearly three years.

Professor William Ramsay has been awarded the Davy medal of the Royal Society of England for his share in the discovery of argon, and for his discoveries regarding gaseous constituents of terrestrial minerals (Vol. 5, pp. 209, 257, 720, 727). Professor Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh have both been made officers of the French Legion of Honor. The same reward has also been bestowed upon Professors Simon Newcomb, Alexander Agassiz, and Henry A. Rowland of the United States. Mr. Adolphus Hall of the United States has been made a chevalier, and Professor Max Müller of England a commander, of the Legion of Honor.

Vol. 6.-14.

ᎪᎡᎢ.

The Royal Academy.-The Royal Academy of England, and the world of art in general, suffered a very heavy loss on January 25 in the death of Lord Leighton. For portrait and biographical sketch of the late president of the Royal Academy, see Necrology. On February 20 a

successor to Lord Leighton was unanimously chosen in the person of Sir J. E. Millais.

SIR J. E. MILLAIS, BART.,
NEW PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.

MILLAIS, SIR JOHN EVERETT, new president of the Royal Academy of England, was born in Southampton, Eng., in 1829, a scion of an old landed family in the island of Jersey. At nine years of age he entered Sass's Academy, and two years later became a student at the Royal Academy, where he gained the principal prizes for drawing. He gained his first medal at the Society of Arts when only nine. Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru, his first exhibited picture, was at the academy in 1846. While a student in the academy's schools, his tastes had tacitly rebelled against the routine conventions of academic teaching; and, strengthened in that feeling by such specimens of early Italian art as fell in their way, he and his friends, William Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, resolved to study nature as it appeared to them, not as it appeared in "the antique." These views were afterward adopted by Charles Collins and other younger painters, who were termed, half in jest and half in earnest, "the Pre-Raphaelite School." For a short time the artists tried to enforce their views by the pen as well as by the brush, in a short-lived periodical, The Germ; or, Art and Poetry, which appeared in 1850. Mr. Ruskin came, in 1851, to the support of the new school with enthusiastic approval, freely expressed in letters to the London Times in 1852, as well as in a pamphlet on "Pre-Raphaelitism" and in his Lectures on Architecture and Painting (1853).

Millais was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1853, and became R. A. in December. 1863. His paintings include a vast amber of works, among the best known of which are: Our Savior

(1850); Mariana in the Moated Grange (1851); The Huguenot and Ophelia (1852); The Order of Release and The Proscribed Royalist (1853); The Rescue (1855); Autumn Leaves (1856); The Heretic (1858); Spring Flowers (1860); The Black Brunswicker (1861); My First Sermon (1863); My Second Sermon (1864); Joan of Arc (1865); Sleeping, Waking, and Jephthah (1867); Moses, Chill October, and Yes, or No (1871); The Northwest Passage and A Day Dream (1874); No (1875); The Sound of Many Waters and Yes (1877); The Princes in the Tower and A Jersey Lily-Mrs. Langtry (1878); portraits of Gladstone (1879), Mr. Bright (1880), Principal Caird, D. D., and the Earl of Beaconsfield (1881), the Marquis of Salisbury (1883), and Lord Rosebery (1887); Cinderella (1881); The Grey Lady and ForgetMe-Not (1883); Mercy and Lilac (1887); The Moon Is Up and Yet It Is Not Night (1890); and The Girlhood of St. Theresa (1893). He was decorated with the ribbon of the Legion of Honor in 1878. In 1881 he was appointed a trustee of the National Portrait Gallery, in the place of the late Dean Stanley, and in 1882 he was elected a foreign associate of the Académie des Beaux-Arts, in place of the Italian sculptor, Dupré. In 1885 he was made a baronet on the recommendation of Mr. Gladstone, the portrait of whom is considered one of Millais's finest efforts.

The vacancy in the membership of the Royal Academy, caused by the death of Lord Leighton and promotion of Sir J. E. Millais, was filled by the appointment of George Henry Boughton, formerly of Albany, N. Y., and New York city.

Mr. Edwin Austin Abbey, a native of Philadelphia, Penn., and formerly a student of the Pennsylvania. Academy, has been made an associate of the Royal Acad

emy.

An important feature of the academy's recent exhibition at Burlington House, London-marking a signal departure from traditional lines of policy-was the admission, for the first time, of works of the French Romanticists, among them Corot, Millet, Rousseau, Troyon, Diaz, Daubigny, Delacroix, Decamps, and others.

Exhibitions.-The annual exhibition of the Union League Club of Brooklyn, N. Y., beginning January 22, included ninety-four oil paintings and thirty-six studies in black and white.

At the sixty-fifth annual exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, in the latter. part of January, the prizes offered by W. L. Elkins of that city were awarded as follows: First prize ($3,000) to Abbot H. Thayer of Scarborough, N. Y., for his Caritas (Charity), an allegorical painting, rich in color, representing a tall white-robed woman holding out her arms above the heads of two nude children; second prize ($2,000) to Edmund C. Tarbell, instructor in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Mass., for his Girl With White Azaleas, depicting a grace

ful girl in a gray gown holding a bunch of the flowers. The medal of honor was awarded to Mr. Winslow Homer for three marines: Northeaster, Stormbeaten, and Wood's Island Light by Moonlight.

The twenty-ninth annual exhibition of the American Water Color Society, New York city, was held about the end of January. The collection embraced about 600 works. The Evans prize was awarded to Mr. Lathrop's Twilight in Connecticut, which is described as "combining perfect freedom, perfect freshness, with a remarkable tenderness of sentiment."

Sales. The paintings, studio appointments, curios, and bric-a-brac of Mr. William M. Chase of New York city, comprising 1,795 articles, were disposed of by public auction January 7-11. The sale realized $21,252.25. Mr. Chase's own paintings brought on the whole unexpectedly low prices.

The oil and water-color paintings and sketches of the late M. F. H. de Haas of New York city, who died November 23 last (Vol. 5, p. 1005), were sold February 3–5.

On February 17-18 the collection of David H. King, Jr., of New York city, comprising 161 works, was disposed of by auction, realizing $262,745. Rembrandt's portrait of John Asselyn brought $11,100. Among other high-priced paintings sold were Driving Home the Flock, by Troyon ($17,250); Countess Charlemont and Her Son, by Sir Thomas Lawrence ($10,700); Mlle. Hillsberg, by J. Hoppner ($10,100); and Blois, on the Banks of the Loire, by Turner ($9,800).

On March 27, in New York city, the Mannheimer col- ́ lection of sixty-eight works was sold, realizing $85,290.

EDUCATION.

IN various parts of the world the school question has recently risen into special prominence-in England; in Manitoba, or rather Canada; in Russia. All important developments in the countries named are elsewhere recorded under their appropriate geographical heads (Canada, p. 159; England, p. 180; Russia, p. 195).

The Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association held its annual convention in Jacksonville, Fla., in February.

Among the interesting papers presented was one by Dr. W. T. Harris, United States commissioner of education, in which he held that there are five independent groups of studies represented in the common elementary school by arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, and literature; and that each of these groups has its distinct and appropriate method of teaching and study: the child will have a proper school education only when he studies each of these groups according to its own peculiar method. Superintendent Gilbert of St. Paul, Minn., discussed the question of the proper correlation of studies, which could not be too carefully attended to in the training of teachers. A remarkable paper was delivered by President De Garmo of Swarthmore College (Penn.) on concentration as a means of developing character, in which he pleaded for the implanting of social ideals which shall be more effective than those which now largely mark the school and the community in leading men to take an enlightened part in solving the problems of social and political life. Dr. E. E. White of Columbus, O., formerly superintendent of schools in Cincinnati, pleaded for a compromise between the ideas of extreme isolation and extreme unification of studies.

MUSIC AND THE DRAMA.

THE quarter has not been prolific in important dramatic productions. On January 20, in Abbey's theatre, New York city, Sarah Bernhardt presented, for the first time in America, the romantic four-act drama Izeyl, by Armand Sylvestre and Eugène Morand (Vol. 4, p. 455).

The play is founded on the life of Buddha, but has an infusion of elements suggested by incidents in the life of Christ. There is a Yogi, who is evidently a reminiscence of John the Baptist. The "love" episode, which colors the whole play, is an invention, and a questionable one in its whole moral tenor, of the authors.

Izeyl is a courtesan. She is shown at first in all the shameful glory of her youthful beauty. She has ensnared princes. No male heart has failed to surrender to her witcheries. Unconquered, she believes herself unconquerable. When Prince Siddhartha, in her presence, renounces the pomps and vanities of the world, renounces the throne which was to have been his on the morrow, and goes out into the wilderness to wrestle with his own soul and to become the Messiah of his people, she follows him, bent on teaching him the power of love and weaning him back, through her wiles, to the world that he has forsaken. But though his heart and even the fleshy part of him is touched, he never yields. It is she who is conquered. The purity and nobility of his soul subdue her. She becomes a convert. She, too, renounces the world. In the third act, in defense of her new found purity, she slays the would-be ravisher, her whilom lover, Prince Scyndia, now, unknown to her, the king. After the deed is done the sudden paroxysm of horror that seizes her, the shame that the deadly blow she has given in defense of her sullied body has