dian School, Brown University, Lafayette College, Cornell, and West Point. These five teams may be said to constitute the second class of American football teams. The teams of the first class still hold a superiority, which, however, is somewhat threatened. Princeton holds the first rank. Her team defeated Yale and Harvard. Pennsylvania comes next, having defeated Harvard. Yale and Harvard were about matched for the third place. Lafayette defeated Pennsylvania, and played a tie game with Princeton. The Carlisle Indians played a strong game. Harvard beat them by only 4-0, and Yale won only by the

score of 12-6.

On the whole the season was full of interesting surprises. Many long runs were made, good generalship prevailed, good fellowship held sway, and there was no roughness to mar the sweetness of victory or to embitter defeat.

Golf. The President's cup was won in October by Mr. J. A. Tyng, at Shinnecock. He beat L. E. Larocque by a score of 84 to 87. The Reynal cup was won by M. de Garmendia, who defeated Mr. Converse by a score of 87 to 92. In the play for the championship of the Boston Country Club, J. S. Thorpe took first place by winning with a score of 90. Philadelphia's Country Club championship was won by J. W. Biddle, 6 up and 5 to play.

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Cycling.-Miss Beatrix Hoyt won the women's championship of the United States at Morristown, N. J., October 9. John S. Johnson of Minneapolis, Minn., lowered the world's two-mile bicycle record at Chicago, Ill., October 8. His time was 3 minutes 38 seconds. On October 10, Eddie" Bald of Buffalo, N. Y., was declared the winner of the American bicycling championship for the season of 1896. Tom Cooper was his nearest rival. Bald had at the close of the season 67 points, and Cooper 65. The championship is decided by the number of victories which a rider wins in the races of the national circuit. This circuit is a series of races under the direction of the League of American Wheelmen. Races occur in certain cities where good incline tracks have been prepared, and a rider enters races when he sees fit.

A six-day bicycle race was held in Madison Square Garden, New York city, December 6 to 13. "Teddy Hale, an Irishman, won by twenty-eight miles and two laps. His total distance was 1,910 miles. This shows a great gain over the distance covered by Schock, the winner in a six-day race in 1893, who covered but 1,600 miles. About 60,000 people saw the race during the six days.

Chess.—The international chess tournament was held at Buda-Pesth, Hungary, October 5 to 21. It resulted in a tie for first place, Charonsek and Tschigorin finishing even, while Pillsbury held the third place. The first two had at the close of the tournament eight and one-half wins each. Pillsbury had seven and one-half wins. Janowski and Schlechter each had seven wins, and divided the fourth and fifth prizes.

Pugilism.-Prize-fighting still finds a foothold in the United States. The fight at the Broadway Athletic Club in New York city, November 16, between Maher and Choynski, and the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight in San Francisco, Cal., are evidences of it. Maher won the former contest in six rounds, and Sharkey was given the victory in the second on account of an alleged foul on the part of Fitzsimmons.

NOTABLE CRIMES.

On October 13, three men succeeded in holding up the officials of the bank of Meeker, Colo., and looting the bank. They were, however, shot to death by citizens while attempting to escape. One of the clerks and a citi

zen were also seriously wounded.

On October 21, Hamlin J. Andrus, secretary of the Arlington Chemical Company, Yonkers, N. Y., was murdered in his office by explosion of a bomb which had been secretly prepared and fired by means of electrical appliances. The crime belongs to the large category of those classed as "mysterious.

On election day, November 3, an echo of the famous Hatfield-McCoy feud, which was thought to have been settled some years ago by the marriage of two representatives of the opposing families, occurred when "Old Cap" Hatfield, after casting his ballot at Matewan, W. Va., deliberately shot to death one Rutherford, whose home he had broken up some years previously. Being pursued by a nephew of Rutherford, who wounded him in his flight, he shot the young man to death; but was promptly arrested.

On December 7, two white men confined on charge of murder, were forcibly taken from jail at Lexington, Mo., by anunmasked mob of about 250 men, and lynched.

The trial of Thomas Bram, charged with the murders committed on the barkentine Herbert Fuller in July (p. 631), ended on January 2, 1897, in his conviction for the murder of Captain Nash. A motion for a new trial was immediately entered.

AFFAIRS IN VARIOUS STATES.

Alaska. The gold output of Alaska is rapidly increasing. That for 1895 was in round numbers $3,000,000; for 1896 it was about $4,670,000, of which $2,315,000 was taken from placer ground, and $2,355,000 from quartz claims; for 1897 the output is estimated at $6,000,000. A total of 549 stamps are in operation, of which eighty-five were erected during 1896.

Idaho. On December 11, woman suffrage became an accomplished fact in Idaho. The history of the struggle which has thus culminated in final victory for the advocates of a female-suffrage amendment to the state constitution, is interesting to trace.

The movement first took definite shape in the political arena at the populist state convention of 1894, where, after a hard fight, the passage of a favorable resolution was secured. A similar resolution was then passed by the republican state convention. Popular indifference to the movement, however, was widespread; and politicians of all parties, while nominally supporting it, seemed to think that once the matter came to a general vote it would be swept into oblivion. The women, however, kept up an active agitation, forming an association for the purpose. The result was that the state legislature, two years ago, passed a bill submitting to the voters of the state the question of a change of the constitution so as to allow woman suffrage.

Thereafter the battle was kept up vigorously. A state conven tion was called in Boise City in November, 1895, to which eight counties sent delegates. Mrs. James H. Beatty, wife of the federal judge of the state, presided; Mrs. J. H. Richards was elected presi dent; Mrs. W. W. Wood of Shoshone county, vice-president, Mrs. M. C. Athey, secretary; and Mrs. L. Burnside, treasurer; besides an advisory committee.

Another state convention assembled in Boise City July 1, 1896, at which the plan of campaign was fully outlined. Mrs. Johns of Kansas was secured to travel through the state and deliver addresses to work up enthusiasm. So pronounced was the sentiment aroused, that all of the political conventions in the state recommended the woman-suffrage amendment to favorable consideration. Mrs. Carrie Lane Chapman Catt of Bensonhurst, L. I., also made an effective can vass of the state in favor of the movement. In spite of enormous difficulties, due chiefly to lack of means of rapid transportation, the campaign increased in vigor as the polling day approached. The women refrained from taking sides with either republicans or democrats, confining their efforts to persuading the people of the justice and expediency of their cause. Much literature on the subject was spread by them.

The official count showed the vote to stand as follows For the amendment, 12,126; against it, 6,282.

Although receiving about 6,000 more votes than had been cast against it, the amendment did not receive a majority of the votes cast at the election (the total vote was 29,697). Thus some doubt remained as to whether it had carried, which doubt was based on cer tain clauses of the constitution regulating the passage of amend

Vol. 6-57.

ments. This doubt, however, was finally dispelled, December 11, when the supreme court unanimously decided that the amendment had carried, though it had not received a majority of the votes cast at the election. A majority of those cast on the proposition was sufficient.

New York. The preparation of a charter for the Greater New York municipality has been continued during the quarter with great diligence.

The report from the committee on draft, presented to the commission, December 24, in the form of a digest of the whole charter. showed many changes as results of long discussion of the original draft (pp. 644-7). The commission is to discuss this digest and to pre pare the final draft for the legislature, with the aid of the general criticism and suggestion for which opportunity is to be given in a series of public hearings. Instead of nine boroughs, five are now proposed:

1. MANHATTAN-the island and its naturally related small islands. 2. THE BRONX-all of the present New York north of the Harlem.

3. BROOKLYN.

4. QUEENS-the portion of Queens county included in the new city. 5. RICHMOND-Staten Island.

The municipal assembly is to comprise two houses, one of 104, one of thirty-seven members. The mayor is to have power to appoint all heads of departments except the controller (numbering 11), and to remove the same at will during his first six months. The twelve departments will not be divided into sections for the five boroughs. In each of the twenty-two senate districts there is to be a local board of improvements.

Split in Tammany Hall.-The division which began in July (p. 643) became in October a bitter personal fight, and by the end of the year took form in an organized bolt led by County Clerk Henry D. Purroy in antagonism to John C. Sheehan, whom Richard Croker in 1895 had appointed head of Tammany. In October, Purroy organized the Tammany Central Club in support of Bryan and Sewall; and in December he announced that the Tammany Hall Home Rule Democracy would soon be in the field in opposition to the present rulers of Tammany. It is not yet known whether or not the bolters will be won back by concessions: at present vituperation from both sides fills the

air.

Democratic Reorganization. The crushing defeat of the democratic state and national tickets in November has shown the necessity for party reorganization. This is under discussion, with the prospect that the sound-money democrats will lead in the movement, but will adopt liberal lines and seek to restore unity among all the party chiefs in the city and state.

Results of Trials of Policemen.-The court of appeals decided on October 20 that Inspector McLaughlin, con

victed of bribery and extortion during the Lexow trials (Vol. 5, p. 377), was not legally tried, inasmuch as he had a right to a change of venue (which was denied him), and inasmuch further as the district attorney's mode of selecting jurors was unusual, and some of the evidence inadmissible. This decision replaces him in his office as inspector. The results of all these trials are generally considered in high degree unsatisfactory. Thirty-one policemen were indicted. Only six have ever been tried; only five have been actually dismissed from the force. Of the whole number accused only one has been punished under criminal process. Three cases are still pending. A demand has arisen in some quarters that the privilege of appeal from a police board to the courts be abolished.

It

The Raines Liquor Law.-The defects which were early detected in this law have become more manifest. As a tax law, raising revenue, it has had great success; as a temperance law, restricting liquor sales, it has not met expectations. "Raines hotels" have become a by-word. is charged that multitudes of vicious resorts of the lowest and most disreputable kind have gained license as "hotels" for Sunday sales under this law, and cannot be, or have not been, touched by the police. In many other cases the police are said to have failed in their duty. Police magistrates also are blamed for not holding persons brought before them by the police for violation of the law. A presentment by the grand jury in New York declared that the law was so drawn "as to invite evasion." Wherever the blame may rest, a determination is expressed by the friends of the law to procure from the legislature at the present session vigorous amendments to the law, which shall shift all responsibility from it to the local authorities. The term "hotel" is to be definitely explained in such a way as to rule out all but legitimate hotels; and in places where a sandwich constitutes a meal the sale of liquor is to be stopped.

Civil Service Reform.-An advance in this reform was made on December 9 when Governor Morton gave approval to the regulations, prepared at his request by the Civil Service Commission, for examining applicants for state employment.

Class 1 and Class 2, including the highest positions, take the place of old Schedule C-Class 1 taking the place also of Schedule A, and Class 2 of Schedule B. Class 2 includes every place for which a competitive examination is required.

Class 3 comprises skilled laborers and employés of minor grade, subject to non-competitive examination.