Davit. (1) A beam projecting from a ship's bow, for the attachment of the tackle whereby the anchor-fluke is lifted without dragging against the side of the vessel. The operation is nautically called "fishing the anchor." (2) One of a pair of cranes on the gunwale of a ship, from which are suspended the quarter or other boats. The boat-tackles are attached to rings in the bow and stern of the boat respectively, and the fall is belayed on deck. When the boat is lowered the hooks of the fall-blocks are cast off simultaneously, or great danger results when the ship is under way.

Dav'itt, Michael, Irish political leader: b. near Straid, County Mayo, 25 March 1846; d. Dublin, 31 May 1906. Evicted from their home, the family emigrated to Haslingden in Lancashire (1851). In 1866 he joined the Fenian movement, and was sentenced in 1870 to 15 years' penal servitude. He was released in 1877; and, supplied with funds from the United States, began some two years later an anti-landlord crusade in Ireland, which culminated in the foundation of the Irish Land League (21 Oct. 1879). Davitt was thenceforward in frequent collision with the government, and from February 1881, to May, 1882, was imprisoned in Portland for breaking his ticket-of-leave. His 'Leaves from a Prison Diary were published in 1885. Other works by him are: 'Defence of the Land League (1891); Life and Progress in Australia (1898); The Boer Fight for Freedom' (1902). The views of the "Father of the Land League on the subject of land therein take a Socialistic form, and accordingly, though a strong Home Ruler, on the question of land nationalization he found himself in opposition to the Parnellites. After the split in the party, he opposed the continued leadership of Mr. Parnell, and was returned to Parliament in 1892 as an anti-Parnellite, but unseated on petition, on the ground of clerical and other intimidation. He was returned unopposed for South Mayo in 1895, resigning in 1899.

Da'vium. See DAVYUM.

Davos, dä'vōs, a valley and district of Switzerland in the canton of Grisons, lying at a considerable elevation among the Alps, and now a favorite place of residence both in summer and winter for people troubled with tuberculosis. The valley is about 10 miles long, shut in by mountains from 6,000 to 10,000 feet high, and exhibiting many picturesque features. The chief centre of population is Davos-Platz, a place of 5,000 inhabitants, containing numerous hotels, boarding-houses, and other establishments for visitors, and having a handsome town-house, and an English church. It is well sheltered on the north and east, and the air is remarkably pure and dry.

Davout, Louis Nicolas, loo-ē nik-ō-lä dävoo, marshal of France: b. Annoux 10 May

1770; d. Paris, 1 June 1823. He entered the army

in 1785, took sides with the revolutionists, fought

several battles under Dumouriez, and was made

a brigadier-general in 1793. He accompanied Napoleon in his Italian campaigns and in his expedition to Egypt. In 1804 he was made a marshal of the empire. The victories of Ulm and Austerlitz were mainly due to him, as also those of Eckmühl and Wagram. For these meritorious services he was created Duke of Auerstadt and Prince of Eckmühl. After the retreat from

Moscow he defended Hamburg against all the forces of the allies, and surrendered only after the peace of 1814. When Napoleon returned from Elba, Davout was appointed his minister of war. After the battle of Waterloo he lived in retirement till 1819, when he took his seat in the Chamber of Peers.

Penzance, Cornwall, 17 Dec. 1778; d. Geneva, Davy, SIR Humphry, English chemist: b. Switzerland, 29 May 1829. A taste for chemistry, which he displayed in some experiments on the air contained in sea-weed, attracted the attention of Mr. Gilbert, president of the Royal Society, and Dr. Beddoes, and the latter offered him the place of assistant in his laboratory. Here Davy discovered the respirability and exhilarating effect of the nitrous oxide. He published the results of his experiments, under the title of Chemical and Philosophical Researches (1800). This work immediately obtained him the place of professor of chemistry in the Royal Institution, at the age of 22. In 1803 he was chosen a member of the Royal Society. His lectures at the Royal Institution were attended by crowded and brilliant audiences, attracted by the novelty and variety of his experiments, the eloquence of his discourses, and the clearness of his exposition. His discoveries with the galvanic battery, his decomposition of the earths and alkalies and ascertaining their metallic bases, his demonstration of the true nature of oxymuriatic acid, his discovery of chlorine as an element, etc., obtained him a European reputation; and in 1808 he received the Napoleon prize of the French Institute. In 1812 he was knighted. In 1813 appeared his valuable 'Elements of Agricultural Chemistry.' The numerous accidents arising from fire-damp in mines led him to enter upon a series of experiments on the nature of this explosive gas, the result of which was the invention of his safety-lamp (1815). In 1818 he received a baronetcy. In 1820 he succeeded Sir J. Banks as president of the Royal Society. Near the close of his life he wrote his Salmonia, or Days of Fly-fishing); and his 'Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher.' Besides the works already mentioned, he also wrote: Elements of Chemical Philosophy> (1802); 'Bakerian Lectures (1807-11); Ŏn the Safety-lamp' (1818); etc. A statue was erected to him at Penzance in 1872.

Davy, John, English composer: b. UptonHelion, Exeter, 1765; d. London 22 Feb. 1824. He was a teacher of music in London and wrote music for popular songs. His air, 'The Bay of Biscay, Oh! is famous.

Davy Jones, a sailor's familiar name for a malignant sea-spirit or the devil generally. The common phrase "Davy Jones' locker" is applied to the ocean as the grave of men drowned

at sea.

A very dubious explanation of the Indian negro spirit name, and the scriptural name makes it compounded from Duffy, a West prophet Jonah, in jocular allusion to his some

what unusual adventure.

Davy Lamp, the safety-lamp of Sir Humphry Davy, in which a wire-gauze envelope covers the flame-chamber and prevents the passage of flame outward to the explosive atmosphere of the mine, while it allows circulation of air.

Dav'yum, or Davium (named in honor of Sir Humphry Davy), a substance observed by Kern, in June 1877, in certain Russian ores of platinum, and believed by him to be a metallic element. It is hard, infusible, malleable at a red heat, silvery in lustre, and soluble readily in aqua regia and feebly in boiling sulphuric acid. Mallet (Am. Chem. Jour., Vol. XX., p. 776) has shown that dayyum is not an element, but that it consists of a mixture of zircon, osmium, iridium, and finely divided quartz.

Daw. See JACKDAW.

Dawalla (Hypophthalmus dawalla), a fish of the family Silurida, found in the rivers of Guiana, and highly esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It is sometimes two and a half feet long, and is brightly colored. The eye is situated below the angle of the mouth.

Dawant, Albert Pierre, äl-bar pē-ar dävän, French historical painter: b. Paris 21 Sept. 1852. He was a pupil of J. P. Laurens. He took a medal of the third class 1880, and second class 1885. Among his works are: 'St. Thomas à Becket' (1879); 'Henry IV. of Germany Before Pope Gregory VII. (1880); Last Moments of Charles II. of Spain' (1881); 'Burial of an Invalide' (1882); Salute to the Invalides (1884); St. John the Hospitaller) (1885); Embarking of Emigrants'; and The Rescue (1889); In Alsace (1892); Teaching the Children' (1888), in the Luxembourg Museum; 'End of the Mass (1890); A Rehearsal (1894); Marshall Lannes at Convent of St. Pollen (1895); The Captive' (1896).

Dawe, Carlton, English novelist. He has written: Mount Desolation'; The Emu's Head'; 'Yellow and White'; 'Kakemonos'; 'Captain Castle'; The Voyage of the Pulo Way; A Bride of Japan'; The Mandarin'; 'Rose and Chrysanthemum'; 'The Yellow Man'; 'Claudia Pole); Straws in the Wind'; 'The Demagogue.'

Dawes, Anne Laurens, American writer: b. North Adams, Mass., 14 May 1851. She is the daughter of H. L. Dawes (q.v.) and has been Washington correspondent of several New England papers, besides being prominent in various philanthropic and other organizations. She is the author of 'How We are Governed (1885); The Modern Jew: His Present and Future (1886); Explanation of the Constitution and Government of the United States' (1895); Charles Sumner (1892).

Dawes, Charles Gates, American financier: b. Marietta, Ohio, 27 Aug. 1865. He was educated at Marietta College and the Cincinnati Law School, was for some time engaged in civil engineering, and practised law in Lincoln, Neb., 1887-94. He was active in Republican politics, and in 1897 became comptroller of the treasury. He is the author of 'The Banking Systems of the United States.'

Dawes, Henry Laurens, American legislator: b. Cummington, Mass., 30 Oct. 1816; d. Pittsfield, Mass., 5 Feb. 1903. He was graduated at Yale in 1839. Becoming a lawyer, he entered the State Senate as a Republican and in 1857 was elected to Congress, serving in the House until 1873. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1875, and was re-elected in 1881 and 1887. The condition of the Indian tribes especially claimed his attention, and after

his retirement from Congress he was at the head of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes.

Dawes, Rufus, American poet: b. Boston 26 Jan. 1803; d. Washington, D. C., 30 Nov. 1859. He wrote The Valley of the Nashaway, and Other Poems (1830); Geraldine' (1839), resembling Don Juan' in form and treatment; the successful romance 'Nix's Mate' (1840). His verses were sung at the laying of the corner-stone of Bunker Hill mon

ument.

Dawes, William Rutter, English astronomer: b. London 19 March 1799; d. Haddenham, Buckinghamshire 15 Feb. 1868. He is principally celebrated for his accurate measurements of double stars and for his investigation into the minute details of the solar surface.

Dawes' Holes, minute circular spots on the nucleus of a sun-spot, darker than the rest of the nucleus, and supposed to be the mouths of tubular orifices penetrating to unknown depths. They were first observed by the astronomer whose name they bear.

Dawk, or Dak, a term in India for postal traveling arrangements, as by palanquins or other carriages.

Dawkins, John. See ARTFUL DODGER, THE.

gist: b. Buttington, near Welshpool, MontgomDawkins, William Boyd, English geoloeryshire, 26 Dec. 1838. In 1862 he joined the Geological Survey, became curator of Manchester Museum in 1869, and professor of geology in Owens College there in 1874. In 1882 he presided over the anthropological section at the Southampton meeting of the British Association. The Channel Tunnel Committee employed him in 1882 to make a special survey of both coasts, and next year he laid down the line for a tunnel under the Humber. He is a Fellow of the Royal and other learned societies, and has contributed numerous papers to their issues relating especially to fossil mammalia. His chief works are: Cave-hunting: Researches on the Evidences of Caves Respecting the Early Inhabitants of Europe' (1874); Early Man in Britain, and His Place in the Tertiary Period' (1880); the latter a work of great interest; British Pleistocene Mammalia' (1866-87).

Dawlish, da'lish, popular watering place. in Devonshire. England, situated at the entrance of a valley which extends inland from the English Channel, between the mouths of the Teign and Exe. Its genial climate, its bathing facilities, and other attractions render it a place of great resort.

Dawson, Alec John, English novelist and traveler: b. Wandsworth, England, 1871. He has traveled extensively in the South Seas, Africa, South America, etc., and is the author of Middle Greyness'; 'Mere Sentiment'; 'Leeway'; 'God's Foundling; (The African Nights' Entertainments); Bismillah'; 'In the Bight of Benin'; 'Daniel Whyte'; 'The Story of Ronald Kestrel'; 'Joseph Klassin: Half Caste.'

Dawson, George Mercer, Canadian geologist: b. Pictou, Nova Scotia, 1 Aug. 1849; d. 1901. He was a son of Sir J. W. Dawson (q.v.) and was educated at McGill University and at the Royal School of Mines in London. In 1874 he was made assistant director

and in 1895 director of the Geological Survey of Canada. He was the author of Geology and Resources of the Forty-ninth Parallel,' and similar works.

Dawson, Henry, English landscape painter: b. Hull 3 April 1811; d. Chiswick 13 Dec. 1878. In early life he was a worker in a Nottingham lace-factory, but this occupation he gave up for art in 1835. After struggling some time at Nottingham he removed to Liverpool in 1844, and thence to Croydon in 1850, and subsequently he resided at Chiswick. It was long before his abilities were fully recognized, and his pictures began to bring high prices only a little before his death. Among the best of them are Wooden Walls of Old England'; 'London from Greenwich Hill'; 'Houses of Parliament'; The Rainbow); Rainbow at Sea'; 'The Pool Below London Bridge.'

Dawson, SIR John William, Canadian geologist: b. Pictou, Nova Scotia, 13 Oct. 1820; d. Montreal 19 Nov. 1899. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and early turned his attention to geology. He accompanied Sir Charles Lyell when examining the geology of Nova Scotia in 1842. In 1850 he became superintendent of education for Nova Scotia, and in 1855 principal and professor of natural history in McGill College, Montreal, in which position, as well as in that of vice-chancellor, and latterly principal of the university (1855-93), his services in the cause of education were of very great importance. He became a member of the Royal Society (London) in 1862, was knighted in 1885, and was president of the British Association in 1886 during its meeting at Birmingham. His published works include: Acadian Geology (1855); Archaia, or Studies of the Narrative of Creation in Genesis' (1857); (Ag; riculture for Schools' (1864); 'Handbook of Canadian Zoology) (1871); The Story of Earth and Man (1872); The Origin of the World' (1878); The Chain of Life in Geolog ical Time (1881); The Geological History of Plants' (1888); Modern Science in Bible Lands' (1888); 'Handbook of Canadian Geology' (1889); 'Modern Ideas of Evolution' (1890); The Ice Age in Canada' (1894).

Dawson, Miles Menander, American actuary and author: b. Viroqua, Wis., 13 May 1863. He has published: 'Elements of Life Insurance (1892); American Life Insurance Methods' (1893); Assessment Life Insurance) (1895); 'Lessons in Actuarial Science' (1897); American Experience' (1900); Things Agents Should Know' (1900); etc.

Dawson, William James, English poet, novelist, and clergyman: b. Towcester, Northamptonshire, 21 Nov. 1854. He entered the Wesleyan ministry in 1875 and held various Wesleyan pastorates until 1892, when he became pastor of the Highbury Quadrant Congregational Church, London. His works include: 'Arvalon: a First Poem) (1878); A Vision of Souls (1884); Quest and Visions: Essays on Life and Literation' (1886); The Threshold of Manhood' (1889); The Makers of Modern Poetry (1890); The Redemption of Edward Strahan: a Social Story) (1801); Poems and Lyrics (1893); London Idylls' (1895); The Comrade-Christ: Sermons (1894); The Story of Hannah (1896); The House of Dreams (1897); Through Lattice Windows' (1897);

Dawson, Canada, city and capital of Yukon District, Northwest Territories. It is situated on the right bank of the Yukon River, 1500 m. from its mouth, at the confluence of the Klondike River, about 50 m. east of the Alaskan boundary; in lat. about 64° N. and lon. 139° W. The city, which is near the site of old Fort Reliance, has grown up since the discovery of gold on Bonanza Creek, 16 Aug. 1896, and is the receiving and distributing center for the Klondike mining district. It is mostly well built, the two great fires of 1899 having destroyed many of the rude, temporary structures. It has churches, schools, banks, warehouses, hotels, newspapers, telegraph and telephone service, theatres, and an electric light plant. Forty below zero is the average temperature for days at a time, but blizzards are not common. Thawing the ground by steam, the use of automatic lifts and buckets, and of machinery in general, have largely increased the gold output of the region. Coal deposits have been found nearby. Steamers ply upon both the upper and lower Yukon. Dawson has a United States consulate. Pop. about 10,000.

Dax, däks, a town of France, department of Landes, on the left bank of the Adour. It consists of the town proper, surrounded by old ramparts partly Roman, and of a suburb called Sablar, on the opposite side of the river and communicating with it by a bridge. The principal edifices are the high church, once a cathedral, the bishop's palace, now occupied as public offices, the communal college, normal school, assembly-room, handsome thermal establishment,

etc.

There are various ancient Roman remains. Its chief attraction is its warm sulphur springs, which have temperatures varying from 86° to 166° F., were much frequented by the Romans, and are still in great repute. Its old name was Aqua Tarbellica, and from Aquæ ("waters")

comes its modern name.

Day, Benjamin Franklin, American naval officer: b. Ohio. He was educated at the Naval Academy 1858-61, served in various capacities during the Civil War and became a rear admiral in March 1899, retiring in March 1900.

Day, George Edward, American Hebrew scholar: b. Pittsfield, Mass., 19 March 1815; d. 2 July 1905. He was educated at Yale and the Yale Theological Seminary, and entering the Congregational ministry was successively pastor at Marlborough and Northampton, Mass., 1840-51. He was professor of biblical literature at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, 1851-66, and of Hebrew at Yale 1866-95, and professor emeritus from the last named year.

Day, Henry Noble, American educator: b. Washington, Conn., 4 Aug. 1808; d. New Haven, Conn, 12 Jan. 1890. He was a nephew of Jeremiah Day (q.v.) and became professor of sacred rhetoric in Western Reserve College in 1840, and was president of the Ohio Female College in 1854-64. He nublished: The Art of Elocution (1844); The Art of Rhetoric (1850); Elements of Logic (1867); The Science of Esthetics) (1872); The Science of Thought' (1886); 'Elements of Mental Science) (1889),

Day, Holman F., American journalist and poet: b. Vassalboro, Me., 6 Nov. 1865. He was graduated at Colby College in 1887 and entering journalism the year after, has since been editorially connected with various Maine journals. He has contributed extensively to periodicals and is the author of two volumes of popular verse: Up in Maine) (1900); 'Pine Tree Ballads (1902).

Day, Horace H., American manufacturer: b. 1813; d. Manchester, N. H., 23 Aug. 1878. He early entered the rubber industry, but was compelled to retire from it as a result of patent litigations with the Goodyear interests. In 1856 he had begun to advocate the utilization of the water power of Niagara Falls, a project, how ever, in which he expended large sums without return. He returned to the rubber industry, but ultimately lost his fortune.

Day, James Roscoe, American Methodist clergyman: b. Whitneyville, Md., 17 Oct. 1845. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1874, entered the Methodist ministry and was successively pastor in Portland, Boston, and New York. He is at present (1903) chancellor of Syracuse University.

Day, Jeremiah, American educator: b. New Preston, Conn., 3 Aug. 1773; d. New Haven, Conn., 22 Aug. 1867. He was graduated at Yale 1795. Having early made choice of the profession of theology, while acting as tutor he began to preach as a candidate for the ministry; but before taking charge of any parish, was in 1801 elected to the professorship of mathematics in Yale College. In 1817 he became president of the college, continuing in that position til his resignation in 1846. He published: 'An Introduction to Algebra (1814); Navigation and Surveying' (1817); and other works.

Day, John, English dramatist: fl. about 1600. Of his life hardly anything is known. He is mentioned in Henslowe's Diary) in 1598 as an active playwright. But few of his earlier works have come down to us save The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.' Day collaborated freely with contemporary writers, as Chettle and Dekker. Ben Jonson in his conversations with Drummond of Hawthornden grouped him with some other admirable gentlemen and authors as a rogue and a base fellow. His best works that have reached us are a graceful comedy, Humor out of Breath'; and The Parliament of Bees, a kind of allegorical masque in which all the characters are bees. "The very air," says Charles Lamb, "seems replete with humming and buzzing melodies. Surely bees were never so berhymed before." An edition of Day's works was privately printed by A. H. Bullen in 1881.

Day, Lewis Foreman, English decorative artist: b. London 1845. He was trained in the workshops of Clayton and Bell and for 30 years has designed wall decorations, textiles, glass, and various other manufactures connected with ornament. He has lectured on art topics frequently at the South Kensington Art Museum, and is the author of 'Principles of Everyday Art'; Nature in Ornament'; Stained Glass Windows; Art in Needlework'; 'Alphabets Old and New Lettering in Ornament'; 'Text Books of Ornamental Design' (4 vols.).

Day, Richard Edwin, American journalist and poet: b. West Granby, Oswego County,

N. Y., 27 April 1852. He was educated at Syracuse University and was on the editorial staff of the Syracuse Standard 18 years. He has published: 'Lines in the Sand' (1878); Thor: a Drama' (1880); Lyrics and Satires' (1883); 'Poems) (1888).

Day, or Daye, Stephen, American colonial printer: b._ London about 1610; d. Cambridge, Mass., 22 Dec. 1668. He was employed by the Rev. Joseph Glover to accompany him to America in 1638, to operate a printing press which he was going to set up in Massachusetts. Mr. Glover died on the voyage and the press was placed in the house of Rev. Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard College. The first book printed in the colonies was issued from it in 1640, and was entitled 'The Whole Booke of Psalmes, faithfully translated into English metre, commonly styled 'The Bay Psalm Book.'

The printing house was taken from him about 1648, and put into the hands of Samuel See Thomas, 'History of Printing in America (1810).

Green.

Day, Thomas, English writer: b. London 22 June 1748; d. 28 Sept. 1789. He was educated at Oxford, and was called to the bar but never practised. In 1778 he married a Miss Esther Milnes, who was willing to conform to his ascetic requirements. His principles led him to renounce most of the indulgences of a man of fortune that he might bestow his superfluities upon those who wanted necessaries. He wrote, in prose and verse, on various subjects, but his name is kept alive chiefly by the well-known book written for the young, entitled 'History of Sandford and Merton.'

Ravenna, O., 17 April 1849. He was graduated Day, William Rufus, American jurist: b. from the University of Michigan in 1870, and from the law school of the same institution in 1872. In the latter year he was admitted to the Ohio bar, and began the practice of law at Canton, where he soon gained local and state distinction; in 1886 he was elected judge of the common pleas court of the 9th judicial district, being the candidate of both political parties. In 1889, President Harrison appointed him United States district judge for the northern district of Ohio, but he was obliged to decline the appointment on account of ill health. In 1897 he was made assistant secretary of state by his friend, President McKinley, and in April 1898 he succeeded Sherman as secretary of state, as such conducting all the negotiations of the Spanish war. Later in 1898 he resigned the secretaryship, and was appointed chairman of the United States Peace Commission to frame a treaty of peace with Spain, in which capacity he had a conspicuous and responsible part in all peace negotiations. He then returned to his law practice, but in 1899 was appointed to succeed Judge Taft as United States circuit judge, and on 26 Jan. 1903 was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Roosevelt.

Day, a word used with several different senses. Its most ancient meaning is the period of light ("natural day") as opposed to the period of darkness, and in this sense it is still quite commonly used. Its most common application, however, is to the period of light and that of darkness together, but even in this sense there are different days. The sidereal day is the time

that elapses between two successive culminations (see CULMINATION) of any particular fixed star, or, in other words, is the time occupied by a revolution of the earth round its axis. The solar, astronomical, or apparent day is the time that elapses between two successive returns of the same terrestrial meridian to the centre of the sun. This period is not always of the same length, and its mean length gives us the mean solar or civil day. The 24 hours of the sidereal day are numbered in succession from 1 to 24, while the civil day in most countries is divided into two portions of 12 hours each. The abbreviations P.M. and A.M. (the first signifying post meridiem, Latin for afternoon; the latter ante meridiem, forenoon) are requisite, in consequence of our division of the day into two periods of 12 hours each. In this respect the mode of numbering the hours from 1 to 24 consecutively has an advantage, and in some countries is being introduced; in parts of Italy it has long prevailed. The Babylonians began the day at sunrising; the Jews and Greeks at sunsetting; the Egyptians and Romans at midnight, as do most modern peoples. Astronomers use a day of the same length as the civil, but commonly make it begin at noon and number the hours up to 24, though latterly midnight has been partly adopted as the starting-point.

If we take a day according to the second definition given above (that is, a sidereal day), its length, of course, is the same throughout the year (see SIDEREAL TIME). The solar day, in consequence of the varying rapidity of the earth in its orbit, and the obliquity of the ecliptic, is different at different times (see SOLAR TIME), and this difference is uniform throughout the earth; but the time of the natural day (or period of light) is different at the different points of the earth, according to their distance from the equator. The daily apparent revolution of the sun takes place in circles parallel to the equator. If the equator and the ecliptic coincided, the circle bounding light and darkness would always divide, not merely the equator, but all its parallels, into two equal parts, and the days and nights would be equal in all the parallels through the year; but at the poles there would be no night. Owing to the inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of its orbit (the ecliptic), the parallel of latitude in which the sun appears to move is continually changing; and therefore the equator alone (being a great circle) always remains bisected by the circle dividing light from darkness; so that the days and nights here are always equal; while the parallels of latitude, not being great circles, are not equally divided by the circle separating light from darkness, except at the time of the equinox, when the sun is moving in the equator; and, of course, at this time only are the days and nights equal in those parallels. As you approach the poles the inequality between the days and nights becomes continually greater, till, at the poles themselves, a day of six months alternates with a night of equal duration. The most distant parallel circles which the sun describes north and south from the equator are, as is well known, only 232° from it. The distance between the polar circles and the poles is the same. Therefore, as a little reflection will show, when the sun is in one of the tropics, all the polar circle in the same hemisphere will be within the illuminated region (because it will be within 90° of the sun)

during the whole of a diurnal revolution, while the other polar circle will be in the region of darkness. These circles, therefore, have one day of 24 hours, and one night of the same length in each year. From the polar circles to the poles the time of the longest day increases fast, and in the same measure the length of the longest night. Notwithstanding the inequality of the periods of light and darkness in the different parts of the earth, each portion of the earth's surface has the sun above its horizon every year precisely six months, and below it the same length of time.

A day, in law, includes the whole 24 hours from midnight to midnight. In reckoning periods of time from a certain event, the day on which the event occurred is excluded. On the other hand, if it be required to prove survival for a certain number of days, it will suffice if the person be alive for any portion, however small, of the last day. While an obligation to pay on a certain day would therefore be theoretically discharged by payment before midnight, the law requires that reasonable hours be observed for example, if the payment (as a bill) is at a bank or place of business, it must be within business hours.

A lawful day is a day on which there is no legal impediment to the execution of a writ→ that is, a day may be unlawful, dies non juridicus, either by common law, or specific statute. By common law Sunday is a day on which the service of a writ cannot legally be made. Other days have been made holidays by both State and legal holiday is a lawful day. Federal statute in this country, and no such

Day-lily, the popular name for a genus of lilies (Hemerocallis), natives of temperate Asia and chiefly of eastern Europe, grown in gardens. They have long radical leaves, and a branched few-flowered scape, with handsome large blossoms, the segments of which are united into a tube. The flowers are found in meadows and along streams throughout the Atlantic seacoast from New Brunswick to Virginia, and west to Ontario and Tennessee. A species with bright yellow flowers (H. flava) is sometimes found near old gardens. The name of the genus is from Greek signifying "beautiful for a day." In Europe these plants are sometimes cultivated as fodder for cattle.

Day of Sections, in French history, 4 Oct. 1795, when the National Guard attacked the Convention in the Tuileries. The forces of the government, under command of Napoleon, disarmed the regiments in the different sections, the first clash occurring in the Rue Saint Honoré.

Dayfly, a name sometimes used for the well-known Mayfly. A neuropterous insect of the family of Ephemerida. The infant stages of larva and pupa are unusually long, often extending to 10 months; but the adult period is short, and is passed without taking food, and covers only a few hours, never more than a day. In the early summer Mayflies abound in great numbers about northern lakes and rivers, furnishing food for other insects, and for crustaceans and fish.