COMPOSITION.-The chief constituent is the volatile oil (see below). OLEUM CORIANDRI.-Oil of Coriander. Abv.-Ol. Coriand. A volatile oil distilled from the ripe fruit of Coriandrum sativum Linné (Fam. Umbelliferæ). CHARACTERS.—A colorless or pale yellow liquid, having the characteristic, odor and taste of Coriander. Sp. gr., 0.863 to 0.875 at 25°C. (77°F.). Solubility. In 3 volumes of 70 per cent. Alcohol. COMPOSITION.-(1) Pinene, the chief terpene of Oil of Turpentine, 5 per cent. (2) Coriandrol, C10H18O, which is isomeric with Borneol (see p. 190). Dose, 0.2 mil (3 M). Oil of Coriander is contained in Spiritus Aurantii Compositus and Syrupus Sennæ. For the Therapeutics of Coriander see p. 638. FŒNICULUM FENNEL. Abv.-Fœnic. The dried, ripe fruit of cultivated varieties of Fœniculum vulgare Miller (Fam. Umbellifera), without the presence or admixture of more than 4 per cent. of foreign matter. Habitat.-Levant and Southern Europe; cultivated. CHARACTERS.-Mericarps usually separate, each being broadly elliptical, more or less curved, from 4 to 10 mm. in length and from 2 to 3.5 mm. in breadth, some having a slender stalk from 2 to 10 mm. in length; dorsal surface convex, yellowish-green to grayish-brown, with 3 prominent, longitudinal primary ribs and at the summit a short, conical stylopodium; commissural surface with 3 narrow, light brown, longitudinal areas separated by two dark brown or brownish-black areas containing the vittæ or oil-tubes; odor and taste aromatic and characteristic. Resembling Fennel.-Conium fruit. Fennel is larger and has prominent oil-tubes. Caraway and Anise fruits. COMPOSITION. The chief constituent is the volatile oil, probably chemically identical with Oil of Anise (see p. 208). Fennel is contained in Infusum Sennæ Compositum. OLEUM FŒNICULI.-Oil of Fennel. Abv.-Ol. Fonic. A volatile oil distilled from the ripe fruit collected from cultivated varieties of Faniculum vulgare Miller (Fam. Umbellifera). If partly or wholly solidified, it should be completely liquefied by warming, and then well shaken, before being dispensed. CHARACTERS.-A colorless or pale yellow liquid, having the characteristic, odor and taste of Fennel. Sp. gr., 0.953 to 0.973 at 25°C. (77°F.) Solubility.—In 8 volumes of 80 per cent. Alcohol and in 1 volume of 90 per cent. Alcohol. IMPURITY.-Volatile oils containing phenols. Dose, 0.2 mil (3 m). Oil of Fennel is contained in Pulvis Glycyrrhizæ Compositus and Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. Preparation Aqua Foeniculi.-Fennel water. Abv.-Aq. Fonic. Oil of Fennel, 2. By trituration with Purified Talc, 15, addition of Distilled Water, and filtration to 1000. Dose, 15 mils (4 fl. dr.). For the Therapeutics of Fennel see p. 638. CARUM CARAWAY. Synonym.-Caraway Seed. The dried fruit of Carum Carvi Linné (Fam. Umbellifera), without the presence or admixture of more than 3 per cent. of other fruits, seeds or foreign matter. Habitat.-Central and Western Asia; cultivated. CHARACTERS.-Mericarps usually separated, crescent-shaped, 3 to 7 mm. in length, 1.5 mm. in diameter; externally dark brown with 5 yellowish filiform ribs; in transverse section nearly equilaterally pentagonal, the commissural surface with two vittæ; the dorsal surface with a vitta between each of the primary ribs; oily endosperm large, enclosing a small embryo; odor and taste agreeably aromatic. Resembling Caraway.-Conium and Fennel. Caraway is known by its small ridges and spicy taste. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituent is the volatile oil (see below), 5 to 7 per cent. Dose, 1 gm. (15 gr.). Caraway is contained in Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. OLEUM CARI.-Oil of Caraway. Abv.-Ol. Cari. A volatile oil distilled from the fruit of Carum Carvi Linné (Fam. Umbellifera) and yielding not less then 50 per cent. by volume of Carvone (C10H140=150.11). CHARACTERS.-A colorless, or pale yellow, thin liquid, having the characteristic, odor and taste of Caraway. Sp. gr., 0.900 to 0.910 at 25°C. (77°F.). Solubility.— In 8 volumes of 80 per cent. Alcohol. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are (1) Cymene, C10H14; also found in Oil of Eucalyptus (see p. 221). (2) Carvol C10H140, isomeric with Thymol (see p. 214), also found in Oil of Spearmint. (3) Limonene, a terpene, C10H16; also found in Oil of Lemon (see p. 186). Dose, 0.2 mil (3 m). Oil of Caraway is contained in Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. For the Therapeutics of Caraway see p. 638. MATRICARIA MATRICARIA. Abv.-Matricar. Synonyms.-German Chamomile. Wild Chamomile. The dried flower-heads of Matricaria Chamomilla Linné (Fam. Composite), without the presence or admixture of more than 5 per cent. of stems or foreign matter. Habitat.-Europe and Western Asia. CHARACTERS.-Flower-heads composed of a few white ray-florets and numerous yellow disk-florets on conical, more or less hollow receptacles, the latter being from 3 to 10 mm. in breadth; disk-flowers, tubular, perfect and without a pappus; rayflowers from 10 to 20, pistillate, corolla white, 3-toothed and 4-veined, usually reflexed; involucre hemispherical, composed of from 20 to 30 imbricated, oblanceolate, and pubescent scales; peduncles light green to brownish-green, longitudinally furrowed, more or less twisted, and attaining a length of 2.5 cm., achenes somewhat ovoid and faintly 3- to 5-ribbed; pappus none, or only a slight membraneous crown; odor pleasant, aromatic; taste aromatic and bitter. Resembling Matricaria.— Anethemis arvensis and Anthemis Cotula, but these have conical, solid, and chaffy receptacles. COMPOSITION.-(1) Volatile oil, 4 per cent. (2) Anthemic acid. (3) Anthemidin, probably a glucoside. (4) Tannic acid. Dose, 15 gm. (240 gr.). For the Therapeutics of Matricaria see p. 638. ROSA GALLICA RED ROSE. Abv.-Rosa Gall. The dried petals of Rosa gallica Linné (Fam. Rosacea), collected just before the expansion of the flower. Habitat.Asia Minor and Southern Europe; cultivated. CHARACTERS.-Petals either separate or imbricated in small cones, broadly ovate, summit rounded and deeply notched, margin entire and somewhat recurved; base obtuse; externally of a purplish-red color except the light-brown claw; texture velvetly; when dry brittle; odor agreeable; taste astringent and slightly bitter. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are—(1) A volatile oil, in minute quantities. (2) Tannic acid. (3) Mucilage. (4) Sugar. Preparations 1. Fluidextractum Rosæ.-Fluidextract of Rose. Abv.-Fldext. Rosa. By maceration with Glycerin and Diluted Alcohol, and evapora tion. Dose, 2 mils (30 m). 2. Mel Rosa.-Honey of Rose. Fluidextract of Rose, 120; Clarified Honey, to 1000. Dose, 4 mils (1 fl. dr.). AQUA ROSÆ FORTIOR.-Stronger Rose Water. Abv.-Aq. Ros. Fort. The saturated aqueous distillate prepared by distilling the fresh flowers of Rosa centifolia Linné (Fam. Rosacea) with water. CHARACTERS.-A colorless and clear liquid, possessing a strong and pleasant odor and a taste of fresh Rose blossoms. It must be free from empyreuma, mustiness or mucoid growths. IMPURITIES.-Metallic impurities. Preparations 1. Aqua Rosæ.-Rose Water. Abv.-Aq. Ros. Stronger Rose Water and Distilled Water, of each, one volume. 2. Unguentum Aquæ Rosa.-Ointment of Rose Water. Abv.Ung. Aq. Ros. Synonym.-Cold Cream. Spermaceti, 125; White Wax, 120; Expressed Oil of Almond, 560; Sodium Borate, 5; Stronger Rose Water, 190. For the Therapeutics of Rose see p. 639. CLASS IV. ACTING CHIEFLY ON THE KIDNEYS AND THE GENITOURINARY TRACT Oil of Juniper, Buchu, Copaiba, Oil of Thyme, Thymol, Cubeb, Oil of Santal OLEUM JUNIPERI OIL OF JUNIPER. Abv.-Ol. Junip. A volatile oil distilled from the ripe fruit of Juniperus communis Linné (Fam. Pinaceae). Habitat.-North America throughout Canada, the Northern United states, and in the Rocky Mountains south to New Mexico. CHARACTERS.-A colorless or faintly green or yellow liquid, having the characteristic odor and taste of Juniper fruit. Sp. gr., 0.854 to 0.879 at 25°C (77°F.). Solubility.—In 4 volumes of Alcohol with not more than a slight cloudiness. COMPOSITION.-Oil of Juniper is composed chiefly of terpenes, which are mostly Pinene (see p. 216) and Cadinene. Dose, 0.2 mil (3 m). Preparations 1. Spiritus Juniperi.-Spirit of Juniper. Abv.-Sp. Junip. Oil of Juniper, 50; Alcohol, to 1000. Dose, 2 mils (30 M). 2. Spiritus Juniperi Compositus.-Compound Spirit of Juniper. Abv.-Sp. Junip. Co. Oil of Juniper, 8; Oil of Caraway, 1; Oil of Fennel, 1; Alcohol, 1400; Water to 2000. Dose, 10 mils (21⁄2 fl. dr.). For the Therapeutics of Oil of Juniper see p. 573. BUCHU BUCHU. Synonym.-Bucco. The dried leaves of Barosma betulina (Thunberg) Bartling et Wendland known as Short Buchu; or of Barosma serratifolia (Curtis) Willdenow, known as Long Buchu (Fam. Rutacea), without the presence or admixture of more than 10 per cent. of stems or other foreign matter. Barosma betulina.-Rhomboidally ovate or obovate; from 9 to 25 mm. in length and from 4 to 13 mm. in breadth; summit obtuse, and recurved; margin somewhat serrate or finely dentate with an oil gland at the base of each tooth; the base more or less wedge-shaped; color varying from a vivid green to yellowish-green, occasionally a few olive-gray leaves; glandular-punctate; both surfaces papillose; under surface longitudinally striate; texture coriaceous; petiole 1 mm. in length; odor and taste characteristic, aromatic and mint-like. Barosma serratifolia.-Linear lanceolate, from 2.5 to 4 cm. in length and from 4 to 6 mm. in breadth; summit somewhat rounded or truncate with an oil gland at the apex; margin sharply serrate and glandular; otherwise resembling Short Buchu. Resembling Buchu.-Senna and Uva Ursi, which have entire leaves. IMPURITY.-Leaves of Emplanum serrulatum, which have no glands. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are- (1) A yellowish-brown volatile oil, from the glands. (2) Diosphenol, C10H16O2 a stearopten, in solution in a liquid hydrocarbon. The stearopten is deposited on exposure to air. (3) Barosmin, a glucoside, soluble in alcohol (scarcely so, if cold) and in ether, volatile oils, dilute acids and alkalies. (4) Rutin, a bitter principle. (5) Mucilage. Dose, 2 gm. (30 gr.). Preparation Fluidextractum Buchu.-Fluidextract of Buchu. Abv.-Fldext. For the Therapeutics of Buchu see p. 570. COPAIBA COPAIBA. Synonyms.-Balsam of Copaiba. Copaiva. An oleoresin derived from South American species of Copaiba (Fam. Leguminosa). This is not a true balsam because it does not contain cinnamic or benzoic acid. Habitat.—Brazil, Venezuela and New Granada. CHARACTERS.-A pale yellow to brownish-yellow, more or less viscid liquid, either without fluorescence or with only a slightly greenish fluorescence; having a peculiar, aromatic odor and a persistent, bitter and acrid taste. Sp. gr., 0.940 to 0.995 at 25°C. (77°F.). Solubility.-Insoluble in water and partly soluble in Alcohol; soluble, showing not more than a slight opalescence, in Dehydrated Alcohol, Carbon Disulphide, Petroleum Benzin, or in fixed or volatile oils; completely soluble in Ether and Chloroform. COMPOSITION.-The chief constituents are- -(1) The volatile oil, 48 to 85 per cent. (2) The Resin, 15 to 52 per cent., which exists dissolved in the oil. It con. sists of: (a) Copaivic Acid, C20H30022, the chief constituent, a crystalline Resin, with a faint odor, a bitter taste, insoluble in water, easily soluble in Dehydrated Alcohol and Ammonia; and (b) a non-crystallizable, viscid Resin. IMPURITIES.-Turpentine, detected by the smell on heating; fixed oils (these leave a greasy ring around the resinous stain when heated on paper); Gurjun balsam, which coagulates at 132°C. (270°F.), while Copaiba does not; paraffin or fatty oils; resin. Dose, I mil. (15 m). |