Preparation Pilulæ Catharticæ Compositæ.-Compound Cathartic Pills. Mild Mercurous Chloride, 60; Compound Extract of Colocynth, 80; Resin of Jalap, 20; Gamboge, 15 gm.; Diluted Alcohol, a sufficient quantity, to make 1000 pills. Dose, 2 pills. 6. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM.-Red Mercuric Iodide. Abv.Hydrarg. Iod. Rub. Synonyms.-Red Mercuric Iodide. Mercury Biniodide. HgI:=454-44. It should contain, when dried to constant weight, not less than 99 per cent. of Mercuric Iodide. SOURCE.-Mix Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, 40; dissolved in distilled water, 800, and Potassium Iodide, 50, dissolved in distilled water, 8oo, with distilled water, 2000. Filter and dry the precipitated Red Iodide. HgCl2+2KI=HgI2 +2KCl. CHARACTERS.-A scarlet-red, amorphous powder, odorless and nearly tasteless. Solubility.-Almost insoluble in water; soluble in 115 parts of Alcohol, 120 of Ether, and 910 of Chloroform; in 20 of boiling Alcohol; also in solutions of the soluble iodides, mercuric chloride, sodium thiosulphate, and hot solutions of the alkali chlorides. IMPURITIES.-Chlorides and iodides, mercuric chloride. Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi.-Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodides. Abv.-Liq. Arsen. et. Hydrarg. Iod. Synonym.—Donovan's Solution. Dissolve Arsenous Iodide, 10, and Red Mercuric Iodide, 10, in distilled water, 150. Filter, and pass sufficient distilled water through the filter to make 1000. CHARACTERS.-A clear or pale yellowish liquid, having a disagreeable, metallic taste. Strength.-1 per cent. of each Iodide. Dose, 0.1 mil (11⁄2 m). 7. HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM.-Yellow Mercurous Iodide. Abv. -Hydrarg. Iod. Flav. HgI=327.52. Synonyms.-Green Mercurous Iodide. Mercury Protiodide. It should contain not less than 99 per cent. of Mercurous Iodide. SOURCE.-By pouring a solution of Potassium Iodide, 16, in distilled water, 32, into a solution of Mercurous Nitrate (obtained from Mercury treated by a solution of Nitric Acid in distilled water, by filtration), 40, in Nitric Acid, 6, and distilled water, 650. The precipitate is washed and dried. Hg(NO3)+2KI= 2HgI+KNO3. CHARACTERS.-A bright yellow, amorphous powder, odorless and tasteless. Solubility. Almost insoluble in water, and wholly insoluble in Alcohol or Ether. IMPURITY.-Mercuric Iodide. INCOMPATIBLES.-The same as of Mild Mercurous Chloride. 8. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS.-Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate. Abv.-Ung. Hydrarg. Nit. Synonym.-Citrine Ointment. SOURCE.-Mix a hot solution of Mercury, 7, in Nitric Acid, 17.5, with Lard,76 9. HYDRARGYRUM AMMONINATUM.-Ammoniated Mercury. Abv.Hydrarg. Ammon. HgNH2Cl=252.09. Synonym.-White Precipitate. It should contain not less than 78 nor more than 80 per cent.of Metallic Mercury. SOURCE.-Mix Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, 100, dissolved in distilled water, 2000, with Ammonia Water, 150. HgCl2+2NH4OH= HgNH2Cl+NH4Cl+ 2H2O. Filter and wash the precipitated Ammoniated Mercury with a mixture of Ammonia Water, 20, and distilled water, 400. CHARACTERS.-White, pulverulent pieces, or a white amorphous powder; odorless and having an earthy, afterwards styptic and metallic taste. Solubility. Insoluble in water or Alcohol; readily soluble in warm Hydrochloric, Nitric or Acetic Acid, and in a cold solution of Ammonium Carbonate. IMPURITIES.-Mercurous salts, carbonates, arsenic, heavy metals, foreign salts. INCOMPATIBLES.-Acids, alkalies, bromine, chlorine, iodine, lime water. Preparation Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati.-Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury. Abv.-Ung. Hydrarg. Ammon. Synonym.-White Precipitate Ointment. Ammoniated Mercury, 10; White Petrolatum, 50; Hydrous Wood-Fat, 40. 10. HYDRARGYRI SALICYLAS.-Mercuric Salicylate. Abv.-Hydrarg. Salicyl. Synonym.-Mercuric Subsalicylate. A compound of Mercury and Salicylic Acid containing not less than 54 per cent. nor more than 59.5 per cent. of Mercury. SOURCE. From Mercuric Oxide by digestion in boiling water with Salicylic Acid on a water-bath, filtration, washing and drying the precipitate. CHARACTERS.-A white, slightly yellowish or slightly pinkish powder; odorless and tasteless. Solubility.-Nearly insoluble in water or Alcohol; dissolved by solutions of fixed alkalies or their carbonates; dissolved by warm solutions of the alkali halides with the formation of double salts. IMPURITIES. Free salicylic acid, foreign mercury compounds. For the Therapeutics of Mercury and its Salts see p. 279. 3. Copper, Silver, Gold 1. CUPRUM Cu=63.57 1. CUPRI SULPHAS.-Copper Sulphate. Abv.-Cupr. Sulph. CuSO4+ 5H2O=249.72. Synonyms.-Blue Vitriol. Bluestone. It should contain not less than 62.97 per cent. nor more than 66.79 per cent. of anhydrous Copper Sulphate, corresponding to not less than 98.5 per cent. of the crystallized salt. SOURCE.-Heat Copper and Sulphuric Acid together, and dissolve the soluble product in hot water and evaporate. Cu2+4H2SO4 = 2CuSO1+4H2O+ 2SO2. CHARACTERS.-Deep blue, triclinic crystals or as a blue granular powder odorless, of a nauseous, metallic taste; slowly efflorescent in the air. Solubility.— In about 25 parts of water and 0.5 part of boiling water; in 500 parts of Alcohol and 3.8 of Glycerin. IMPURITIES.-Iron, aluminum, heavy metals. INCOMPATIBLES.-Alkalies and their carbonates, lime water, mineral salts (except sulphates), iodides and most vegetable astringents. Dose, 0.250 gm. = 250 milligm. (4 gr.), as an emetic. Copper Sulphate is used in preparing Trommer's and Fehling's test for sugar. For the Therapeutics of Copper Sulphate see p. 525. II. ARGENTUM Ag=107.88 1. ARGENTI NITRAS.-Silver Nitrate. Abv.-Arg. Nit. AgNO3=169.89. Synonym.-Lunar caustic. It should contain not less than 99.8 per cent. of Silver Nitrate. SOURCE.-Dissolve Silver in Nitric Acid with the aid of heat. Evaporate and crystallize. 6HNO3+3Ag2=6AgNO3+3H2. CHARACTERS.-Colorless, transparent, tabular, rhombic crystals, becoming gray or grayish-black on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless, and having a bitter, caustic and strongly metallic taste. Solubility.In 0.4 part of water and o.1 part of boiling water; in 30 parts of Alcohol and 6.5 of boiling Alcohol. IMPURITIES.-Copper, lead, foreign salts. INCOMPATIBLES.-Alkalies and their carbonates, chlorides, iodides, sulphates, copper salts, morphine salts, oils, hypophosphites, acids (except nitric and acetic) solutions of arsenic, astringent infusions. Dose, 0.010 gm. = 10 milligm. (% gr.). Preparation Argenti Nitras Fusus.-Moulded Silver Nitrate. Abv.-Arg. Nit. Fus. Synonym.-Lunar caustic. It should contain not less than 94.8 per cent. of Silver Nitrate. SOURCE. By melting Silver Nitrate, 100; Hydrochloric Acid, 4; cooling in moulds. CHARACTERS.-A white, hard solid, generally in the form of pencils or cones showing a fibrous fracture, becoming gray or grayish-black on exposure to light; odorless, and having a bitter, caustic and strongly metallic taste. Solubility.—Soluble, with the exception of about 5 per cent. of Silver Chloride (which should be completely soluble in Ammonia Water), in 0.4 part of water and in slightly more than 0.1 part of boiling water; in 30 parts of Alcohol and 6.5 parts of boiling Alcohol. 2. ARGENTI OXIDUM.-Silver Oxide. Abv.-Arg. Oxid. Ag2O=231.76 It should contain not less than 99.6 per cent. of Silver Oxide. It must not be triturated with readily oxidizable or combustible substances, and must not be brought into contact with Ammonia. SOURCE.-Shake a solution of Silver Nitrate with a solution of Potassa and wash the precipitate. 2AgNO3+2KOH=Ag2O+2KNO3+H2O. CHARACTERS.-A heavy, dark, brownish-black powder, easily reduced by exposure to light; odorless and having a metallic taste. Solubility. Slightly in water; insoluble in Alcohol; it is dissolved by Nitric Acid. IMPURITIES. The carbonate and chloride, and the impurities of Silver Nitrate. INCOMPATIBLES.-Antimony and arsenic sulphides, chlorides, bismuth, copper, iron and mercury salts, and organic substances, especially creosote, for it rapidly oxidizes them and forms explosive compounds. Dose, 0.60 gm. = 60 milligm. (1 gr.). For the Therapeutics of Silver Salts see p. 519. AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM.-Gold and Sodium Chloride. Abv.Aur. et Sod. Chlor. A mixture of equal parts by weight of anhydrous Gold Chloride (AuCl;=303.58) and anhydrous Sodium Chloride (NaCl=58.46), representing, when dried, not less than 30 per cent. of metallic Gold. CHARACTERS. An orange-yellow powder, odorless, having a saline and metallic taste; deliquescent when exposed to damp air. Solubility.-Very soluble in water. Alcohol or Ether dissolves the Gold Chloride leaving the Sodium Chloride. IMPURITIES. Free hydrochloric acid, metallic impurities. INCOMPATIBLES.-Alkalies, arsenites, hypophosphorous and sulphurous acids, ferrous and mercurous salts, potassium iodide, organic substances, and vegetable infusions. For the Therapeutics of Gold and Sodium Chloride see p. 822. GROUP III The Earth Metals: Aluminum, Cerium I. ALUMINUM Al=27.1 ог 1. ALUMEN.-Alum. Potassium Alum, AlK (SO4)2+12H2O=474.53 Ammonium Alum, AlNH (SO4)2+12H2O=453.47. It should contain not less than 99.5 per cent. of the Salt. The label must state whether the Salt is Potassium or Ammonium Alum. SOURCE.-Made from Alum Slate or Shale (a mixture of Aluminum Silicate and Iron Sulphide) by roasting and exposing to the air. By lixiviating the heaps with water, Sulphuric Acid, Aluminum and Iron Sulphates are obtained in solution. This solution is concentrated, and while hot mixed with Potassium Chloride, which, reacting upon the Ferric Sulphate, yields Potassium Sulphate and Ferric Chloride, while the Alum separates on cooling as a crystalline powder. It is then purified by recrystallization. CHARACTERS.-Both occur in large, colorless crystals, or in crystalline fragments, or as white powder; odorless, and having a sweetish and strongly as tringent taste. Solubility.-Ammonium Alum is somewhat less soluble in water than is Potassium Alum. Potassium Alum is soluble in 7.2 parts of water and 0.3 part of boiling water; freely in warm Glycerin; insoluble in Alcohol. IMPURITIES.-Iron, heavy metals. INCOMPATIBLES.-Alkalies, carbonates, lime, lead, mercury, and iron salts, magnesia, phosphates, sodium borate, tartrates, tannic acid. Dose, 0.500 gm. = 500 milligm. (8 gr.). Preparation Alumen Exsiccatum.-Exsiccated Alum. Abv.-Alum. Exsic. Synonyms.-Burnt Alum. Dried Alum. It should contain not less than 96.5 per cent. of anhydrous Ammonium or Potassium Alum. The label of the container should state whether it is made from Ammonium or Potassium Alum. SOURCE.-Heat 100 parts of Alum with moderate heat till aqueous vapor ceases to be disengaged, and it is reduced to 55 parts. CHARACTERS.—A white, granular powder, without odor, possessing a sweetish, astringent taste, and attracting moisture on exposure to the air. Solubility.-Slowly but completely soluble in about 20 parts of water, and quickly soluble in 1.5 parts of boiling water; insoluble in Alcohol. 2. ALUMINI HYDROXIDUM.-Aluminum Hydroxide. Abv.-Alum. Hydrox. Al(OH)3 =78.12. Synonym.-Hydrated Alumina. A compound consisting principally of Aluminum Hydroxide. SOURCE.-By separate solutions of Alum, 100 and Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate, 45, in water, and heating to boiling. Mix the hot solutions, wash the precipitate with hot water, dry and reduce to a fine powder. CHARACTERS.-A white, bulky amorphous powder; odorless, tasteless, and permanent in dry air. Solubility.—Insoluble in water or Alcohol, but completely dissolved by Hydrochloric or Sulphuric Acid and by the fixed alkali hydroxides. IMPURITIES.—The sulphate, iron, alkali salts, heavy metals. For the Therapeutics of Aluminum Salts see p. 528. II. CERIUM Ce=140.25 CERII OXALAS.-Cerium Oxalate. Abv.-Cerii. Oxal. It consists chiefly of a mixture of the oxalates of Cerium, Didymium and Lanthanum, and of other |