Wednesday, May 21, 10-10:30 a. m. Unseen Worlds. Mr. Harold Bernhardt of Temple University will show the world under the microscope-hydra feeding; paramecia feeding; yeast growing; how the planeria gets around.

Wednesday, May 28, 10-10:30 a. m. Science Fun For Vacation Days. Mr. Albert Sziede, science teacher at the Clymer School, will demonstrate science activities for summer days.

STORYTIME-WFIL-TV

Public School Producer-Gertrude Novak

Philadelphia Diocesan School System

These Language Arts programs are planned for fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. A teacher from the Diocesan Schools, with picture illustrations, will tell stories for little people and then discuss the story with the children. Miss Novak conducts a quiz program built on questions, objects and episodes taken from children's stories. Guest authors will appear on the program to discuss their books.

Thursday, May 1, 9:20-9:45 a. m. Quiz of children's science fiction stories with Gertrude Novak. A panel of Quizperts from the Philadelphia public, private and parochial schools test their story-book know-how with questions, pictures and scenes from stories that are "out of this world."

Thursday, May 8, 9:20-9:45 a. m. A charming folk tale about life of the French Canadians presented by the Diocesan Schools.

Thursday, May 15, 9:20-9:45 a. m. Gertrude Novak introduces a puppet named WISSY. A panel of Quizperts will try their luck at building a story about WISSY. They will answer questions about stories other people have written. An author will visit.

Thursday, May 22, 10-10:30 a. m. A charming folk tale about Old England— presented by the Diocesan Schools.

Thursday, May 29, 10–10:30 a. m. Our final quiz of the season will feature timetested favorites. A panel of Quizperts will be asked about and will tell about stories everybody knows and loves.

STOP, LOOK AND LEARN-WCAU-TV

This series is designed to answer a variety of needs for the classroom and home viewing. Any requests for programs on specific subjects will be included. These programs are under the general direction of Margaret M. Kearney, Educational Director of WCAU-TV.

BY REQUEST-WCAU-TV

Producer-Virginia Sheller

Monday, May 5, 3:15–3:30 p. m. Playing the Flute. Helen Lee and pupils from her class at the Fell School will discuss and illustrate techniques of playing the flute. They will demonstrate their own progress by playing solo, unison and part music.

Monday, May 12, 3:15–3:30 p.m. Beginning Square Dancing. Mr. Jacob Geiger, Physical Education Supervisor, will teach individual figures and square dances to children of a fifth grade class.

Monday, May 19, 3:15-3:30 p. m. Advanced Square Dancing. Girls and boys of a sixth grade class will demonstrate more difficult dances under the guidance of Mr. Geiger.

Monday, May 26, 3:15-3:30 p. m. Correct Usage. A teacher and some of her pupils from Collingswood, N. J., will show how they are attempting to improve their speech.

AT YOUR SERVICE-WCAU-TV

Producer-Bruce Jacobs

Tuesday, May 6, 3:15–3:30 p. m. Service for the Hard of Hearing. Serena Foley Davis, principal of the Martin School will show some of the many ways in which children suffering from a loss of hearing are cared for educationally. Demonstration of instructional techniques will be shown.

Tuesday, May 13, 3:15-3:30 p. m. Library Services. We shall show some of the ways in which the elementary, secondary, and professional libraries are kept up to date. The functions and purposes of the different types of libraries will be discussed and illustrated.

Tuesday, May 20 3:15-3:30 p. m. Safety Education. We shall demonstrate the services rendered by the Division of Safety Education. The School Safety Patrol and several other phases of the safety program will be shown.

Tuesday, May 27, 3:15-3:30 p. m. Music Services. Members of the Division of Music Education will demonstrate talent testing in the elementary schools and the development of small school orchestras.

THE TIME Of Your Life-WCAU-TV

Wednesdays, 8:45–9 a. m. New Hobbies and interests for adults.

YOUR PICTURE WINDOW-WCAU-TV

Producer-Father Anthony Ostheimer, Roman Catholic High School

AMERICANS ALL

Each week will be featured a quiz on American Events and history.

Thursday, May 1, 8:45–9 a. m. American Quotations with Sister Joseph Marie. Thursday, May 8, 8:45-9 a. m. Travel in America with Reverend Gerard Nolan. Thursday, May 15, 8:45-9 a. m. American Writers with Sister Rosalie Marie. Thursday, May 22, 8:45–9 a. m. Famous Philadelphians with Brother David Peter from West Philadelphia Catholic High School for Boys.

Thursday, May 29, 8:45–9 a. m. American Orators with Reverend James J. Murphy from Roman Catholic High School for Boys.

PRESIDENTIAL TIMBER-WCAU-TV

Fridays, 10-10:30 a. m.

Interviews of presidential candidates.

UNIVERSITY OF THE AIR-WFIL-TV

This program is planned for adult education. However, the following programs are suggested for classroom use.

Great Figures in English and American Literature-Ursinus College, Monday, May 5 and 12, 11:10-11:30 a. m.

Human Relations in Industry-Drexel Institute, Monday, May 5 and 12, 11:30-12

noon.

The Newer Horizons in Public Health-Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, Tuesday, May 6 and 13, 11:10-11:30 a. m.

Mass Communications-Temple University, Tuesday, May 6 and 13, 11:30–12 noon. Human Values-Father Edward Gannon, St. Joseph's College, Wednesday, May 7 and 14, 11:10-11:30 a. m.

Fine Arts-"You Should Know What You Like"-Lehigh University, Wednesday, May 7 and 14, 11:30-12 noon.

Chemistry-"The Foods We Eat"-Pennsylvania Military College, Thursday, May 1-8 and 15, 11:10-11:30 a. m.

FACE THE MUSIC-WFIL-TV

Producer-Emeline Weakley

Thursday, May 1, 11:30–12 noon. Spring Concert. By Music Education Students from West Chester State Teachers' College. Selections, instrumental and vocal, will be chosen from the annual individual recitals.

Thursday, May 8, 11:30-12 noon. Hawaiian Music for Music Week. Joy Valderrama, Temple University and her sister, Grace, West Philadelphia High School, will demonstrate ancient native instruments, explain and illustrate ritual chants and interpret modern hula with its pantomime hand movements.

Thursday, May 15, 11:30–12 noon. Folk Songs From Work, From Play, From Prayer. Plain ballads from America and other countries will be used to show how songs grew out of work; were a means of relaxation at country play-parties; served as religious inspiration; and formed a folk-dance rhythmic basis for greater compositions. Ruth Luty, pianist; Richard Price, baritone; Emeline Weakley, with guitar; and a dance group will perform on this concluding program of music appreciation.

It is evident that a translation from sound broadcasting is taking place in much of this thinking and, at the same time, the values of motionpicture techniques are being definitely considered as well. The next step, no doubt, will be to consider television in terms of the changes it is bringing about in teaching procedures.

Teaching Procedures

Two programs telecast in Philadelphia are examples of what is being accomplished. These programs were on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 11 a. m. The first, THE WORLD AT YOUR DOOR, was a high-school student interview of an interesting person from a foreign country. In this program a personable young man and equally attractive young lady interviewed a lady from Iraq, who is a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania. She described her country, showed its location and principal industries and agriculture on the blackboard, and then showed its art products, tapestries, silver and copper ware, jewelry, and other handicrafts. She was in native costume, too, which she subsequently described with all its relation to custom and folk-tradition of her people. A good program! Could it have been adequately done by sound alone? No! Could it have been done by motion pictures? Yes, but at great expense and with no particular value for library distribution. The current nature of this telecast seemed to justify its use at once for the social studies in high schools. It also had, of course, wide appeal to a general cultured audience. In fact, the repartee made it a good show for any audience, of

any age level. On this program "How is your Social IQ?" followed immediately. Here the vocational adviser in the schools along with Gertrude Novak as M. C. interviewed girls, who acted the parts well, on the correct and incorrect manner of applying for a job as stenographer. The "incorrect" was a perfect comedy role, which lent the proper comic relief to the whole presentation. Could it have been done by sound alone? No! Could it have been done by motion pictures? Yes, but not with the local talent, presumably known to the audience and the local situations, which made it en rapport to the audience; or, if it were photographed as it stood, at a great expense to the schools. Its vitality again consisted of the element of immediacy, a precious ingredient of television.

Let us take a typical classroom. We are trying to explain how the American Colonies finally lost all patience with the mother country and decided to revolt. The class has memorized the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence. We would like to take them back to Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, when the establishment of our separate country was proclaimed to the world. We have books, we have pictures, we have the teacher. Can she re-create that scene in Independence Hall? Can she ring that Liberty Bell long silenced resting in the main corridor as you enter the building? Well, hardly! But television can do it. It can take us right there and re-enact the scene, simulate the ringing of that immortal bell, and give us the fervor of Benjamin Franklin, the quiet confidence of Thomas Jefferson, and the austere approval of John Adams, delegate from Massachusetts. Never will that lesson be forgotten because it has been dramatized in a way we teachers could not do without its help. Many other local systems besides Philadelphia, are producing adequate television over local commercial outlets. Soon they will have "captive" television of their own or at least their own "feeder" studios. This will put them in the television business, with budgets to do effective teachingaid programs.

To sum up, television is an art of and by itself. It lacks one advantage of sound recordings and teaching films in that "preview" of programs before presentation to class groups is not possible. It does what radio cannot do adequately-teach skills. It possesses radio's sense of immediacy, but not in sound alone; sight is added. It does what motion pictures cannot do create the illusion of witnessing events in progress. Television has its place. It takes that place, along with radio, pictures, recordings, both disc and tape, and all the other audio-visual aids. It remains for us to discover which medium, or combination of media, best serves our teaching purposes. No one has the whole answer yet. We must continue our experimentation on a much wider scale than has as yet been attempted in any one school system. Philadelphia has taken the lead: many others have already begun; and even more are now beginning. Television in our schools is on the march!

Part IV. Looking Ahead

The Expanding Role of TV in Education

To HARNESS the tremendous potential of interest inherent in tele

O

vision is one of the problems of the educator. All studies made to date bring out the fact that both parent and teacher have an obligation to guide the viewing of children to programs heard and seen outside of the classroom. Simple criteria are: (1) Does the program possess anything of permanent value? Is it part of the recorded life of our Nation? (2) Does it set a good example? good example? Will the action portrayed give good motivation to better citizenship, family life, or choice of companions? (3) Does it have any spiritual lift? Do you feel better for having spent your time listening to it? These are tests that any teacher or parent can give programs now current on the air. These are some of the questions we wish to have answered.

How do children who have television sets at home compare with other children in school achievement? Do children having sets at home do better school work when their parents closely control their televiewing?

The Cincinnati Study

Answers to these questions were sought in a survey recently conducted by Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio. Nearly 1,000 children in the sixth and seventh grades of 16 public and parochial schools in the Cincinnati area participated in the study, which was conducted by Walter J. Clark, assistant professor of education. The data used included the child's mental age, his achievement in school subjects, and the parental control of his televiewing as measured by a specially designed scale.

This survey and report, which was prepared under the direction of a committee headed by Dr. Raymond McCoy, Dean of the Graduate School at Xavier University, with the cooperation of both the Bureau of Appraisal Services of the Cincinnati Public Schools and the Parochial Schools, bring out, for the first time, many facts in children's listening and viewing habits. The Crosley Broadcasting Corporation provided a subvention of funds for the study.

In comparing the achievement of the televiewing children with that of the nonteleviewing children, Mr. Clark reports that the study revealed