official records of the city with the title of Esquire, and in 1765 another is set down as "gentleman." Like the honest burghers that they were, the Roosevelts discharged their civic duties as aldermen from time to time, and in some branches there were one or two state senators, a congressman or so, and a judge. But, as with most New York families, they were generally men of business.

For a century and a half they have been in the enjoyment of wealth. Theodore Roosevelt's grandfather, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt, inherited a large fortune, and, as a glass importer and banker, he added a good deal to his inheritance. He was a most successful business man. Having himself left Columbia without graduating, he distrusted a college training for young men going into trade, and bred his son, Theodore, to follow in his footsteps.

This son was the father of the President. It was while he was a member of the prosperous house of Roosevelt & Co. in Maiden Lane, and on a journey to Georgia as the groomsman of a friend from Philadelphia, that he met Miss Martha Bulloch, the beautiful young woman who was to be the mother of the President. She was

the sister of his friend's bride and in a year they, too, were married.

The Bullochs were as notable a family in the South as the Roosevelts in the North. Mrs. Roosevelt's father had been a major in the Mexican War and her great-grandfather, Archibald Bulloch, was the first Governor of the state of Georgia in the time of the Revolution.

Only a few years after this union of the North and the South, the great war between the sections shook the land. Nowhere in the North did it cast a deeper shadow than on the home of the Roosevelts. While her husband was deeply moved by loyalty to the Federal government, all of Mrs. Roosevelt's kindred in the old home went with the Confederacy.

Mrs. Roosevelt's elder brother, Captain James Dunwoody Bulloch, had been in the United States navy, but at the outbreak of the war was in the merchant marine, commanding a ship plying between New York and New Orleans. This ship, the Bienville, was in port at New Orleans at the time of the secession of Louisiana from the Union, and the governor commanded Captain Bulloch to turn her over to the state. The Captain refused, and his fealty to

the South was brought into doubt. Nevertheless he believed that honor required him to deliver the vessel into the hands of her owners in New York. Until he had done that he did not feel free to join the Confederacy.

On offering his services to Jefferson Davis he was at once commissioned a captain in the Confederate navy and despatched to England to buy arms for the new government. He discharged this duty successfully and delivered his purchases, being the first to run the blockade.

His next assignment was one of the most important and delicate tasks that fell to a Confederate officer. He returned to England to buy and equip vessels of war for the South. The British government was forbidden by the laws of neutrality to permit such a thing to be done in her ports. The minister of the United States did his utmost to prevent the launching of the Confederate vessels which Captain Bulloch built, and commissioners were hastened from Washington, with $10,000,000 in United States bonds, in a last effort to stop his work.

But he was not checked until he had set afloat fully half a dozen ships under the stars and bars of

the South, among them the Alabama, and when the war was over Great Britain was compelled, by the arbitration of Geneva, to pay the government of the United States $15,000,000 for the damages which Captain Bulloch's ships had inflicted on Northern shipping.

Mrs. Roosevelt's younger brother won a commission in the navy of the South and was the navigating officer of the Alabama in the destructive cruise of that ship. When the Alabama was sunk in a battle with the United States ship Kearsarge off the coast of France, he commanded the last gun that was in action and fired the last shot from her sinking deck. The men of the Alabama were rescued by an English yacht, and Irvine Stephens Bulloch married the daughter of one of his English

rescuers.

President Roosevelt has not hesitated to say that he is proud of the gallantry of his Confederate uncles in the war, and of one of them he has said, "My uncle always struck me as the nearest approach to Colonel Newcome of any man I ever met in actual life."

It was not the strife, but the suffering of the war

that appealed to Theodore Roosevelt the elder. True, he helped to raise and equip regiments at the outset and was an organizer of the Union League Club for the purpose of rallying the supporters of the cause of the Union. But when the war was well

under way, he gave himself almost entirely to aiding

the sick and wounded, to caring for the families and the widows and orphans of the soldiers. He was among the foremost in starting and carrying on the Sanitary Commission, which did so much for the health and comfort of those who bore the battle.

It was he who went to President Lincoln with a bill, which he had drawn and which Congress adopted with the President's approval, authorizing each state to receive such sums of money as the soldiers were willing to set aside from their pay and to see that this money was given to their families. Many of those whose breadwinners had gone into the army were almost starving, while the soldiers at the front, sometimes without safe means of sending money home and often careless of their obligations to those they had left behind, were wasting their wages.

Mr. Roosevelt went from camp to camp on long, hard winter journeys, persuading the men in New