parties concerned been at pains to push forward the operations with a suitable alacrity. This discovers a blameable inattention which ought to be corrected. Justice requires, that if individuals are to be accommodated, the public should be as little incommoded on their account as circumstances will admit, and also that individuals should pay for that accommodation. On these principles I beg leave to suggest the following proposal, as likely to effect all these purposes in a fair and equitable manner.

Let it be ordained, then, that every individual who obtains such an accommodation shall pay a sum proportioned to the extent of accommodation he receives, to be applied for the use of the poor. This payment should be as moderate as possible at the beginning; but to augment at the end of each week, in order that it may operate as a stimulus to activity and spirited exertions, to have the evil continued as short a time as pofsible; and that it may produce its full effect, the augmentation ought to be greater in proportion to the length of time it is suffered to continue. Thus would this kind of tax fall very lightly upon those who exerted themselves properly, but very heavily upon those who, through indolence or inattention, suffered the public to be unnecefsarily incommoded on their ac

count.

Upon these principles, let us by way of illustration suppose, that it would be a fair price to charge for the first week at the rate of two shillings and six-pence for each foot that such temporary barricade encroached on the street, and three-pence for each foot in length (or any other sums that shall be judged more adequate for this purpose). In this case, suppose the encroach

ment on the street to be five feet in breadth, and the front of the house to extend thirty feet, this would be five times two shillings and six-pence, or twelve shillings and six-pence, and three times thirty, or ninety pence (seven shillings and six-pence) which is in all twenty shillings for the first week. This is such a moderate sum as could be attended with no inconvenience to any one. Let the rate for the second week be double to that of the first, which would be two pound; the third week to be double to that of the second, or four pound; the fourth week to be eight pound; the fifth week sixteen pound; the sixth thirtytwo; the seventh sixty-four; and so on, doubling the sum each week that it was to continue. This could prove no serious grievance to any one, for very few cases can occur, in which, if the parties are alert, and exert themselves with energy, every thing that requires to be done under the protection of such a screen might not be completely effected in two, or at most in three weeks; in either of which cases the tax would be nothing more than a very moderate compensation for the accommodation given by the public. But if men will be negligent in what respects their own concerns, it is very fair that they should pay for that negligence. Were it pofsible for us in this manner in all cases to make private accommodation and public convenience mutually give way to each other, and to check abuses as in this instance, it appears to me that the affairs of life would go on in the smoothest and best manner that could be wished, and few stumblingblocks would be suffered to obstruct the way of

December 20, 1799.

A SAUNTERER.

18.

AUGUST 1800.

RECREATIONS

IN

AGRICULTURE, NATURAL-HISTORY,

ARTS, & MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

N° 6. VOL. III.

AGRICULTURE.

PRACTICAL REMARKS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DAIRY, PARTICULARLY IN RESPECT TO THE OBTAINING OF BUTTER.

[Continued from page 347.]

Part 6th. On the Dairy, or Milk-house.

FROM the foregoing general observations on milk, it is necessary that we should proceed to particulars. No dairy can be managed with profit, unless a place properly adapted for keeping the milk, and for carrying on the different operations of the dairy, be first provided. The necessary requisites of a good milkVOL. III.

2 D

house are, that it be cool in summer, and warm in winter; so as to preserve a temperature nearly the same throughout the whole year; and that it be dry, so as to admit of being kept clean and sweet at all times. As it is, on most occasions, difficult to contrive a place within the dwelling-house that can possefs all these requisites, I would advise, that a separate building should be always erected, which, upon the plan that I shall now describe, may, in every situation, be reared at a very small expence, and will answer this purpose much better than any of those expensive structures which I have seen, that were built by noblemen or gentlemen for this particular

use.

The structure ought, if possible, to be erected near to a cool spring, or running water where that conveniency can be commanded; if this last, the water should be so conducted, if the nature of the ground will admit of it, as to have a small stream brought from the rill to be made run through the house; and, if it can be introduced by means of a pipe to fall from as great a height above the floor as can conveniently be done, it will be productive of many advantages, but in none so much as in keeping up a perpetual freshness and sweetnefs of the air, in consequence of the perpetual ventilation that this will ensure.

It should be so placed, as that no stagnant water should be allowed to remain near it; and so as that the access to it for the cows should be as easy as pofsible. A trough through which the stream of water flows should be also provided near-it for the cows to

drink out of; and if no spreading trees be there to afford a natural shade, an artificial shade ought to be erected, under which the cows at all times may be able to find a comfortable shelter.

The whole of this structure should consist of a range of narrow buildings, as in the plan annexed to this article, that division in the middle, marked A, being the milk-house properly so called. My original idea was, that the walls of this building should be brick in the inside, lined on the outside with a thick wall of sod all round, and covered with a very thick thatch, for the purpose of obstructing the passage either of heat or cold, which might indeed be done in this way very effectually; but I am now satisfied, that the same object will be attained at much less expence, and with the addition of many conveniencies, by means of a double wall all round, on the principle already explained, Vol. I. page 210, for the purpose of cooling houses in hot climates; to which place I beg leave to refer the reader for the rationale of this mode of building. The inside wall should be reared of brick or lath, double plastered on both sides; the outside wall may be lath plastered. The entry to the dairy should be from the north at B, but another communication should also be through the door ƒ into the anti-room, which will be convenient on many occasions, and particularly so in winter, when the outward door B may be kept continually shut. The outward roof should be made of good slate, or tiles, the inner roof of plaster made very close. These two roofs should also have a vacant space between them for the circulation of air, as in