Scammonium, Resina cruda (1)..

Convolvul.].

Scilla, Bulbus (4).

[Liliac.]..

Scoparius, Summitates.

Legumin.].

Scutellaria, Herba (1).

[Labiat.].

Senega, Radix (3).

[Polygalac.].

Senna, Folia (5).

[Legumin.].

Serpentaria, Radix (3).

[Aristoloch.].

Sinapis alba, Semen..

· [Crucif.].

Sinapis nigra, Semen (1).

.. [Crucif.].

..[Polygonac.].

..As Rhubarb, but more astringent.

.Volatile Oil (Resin; Tannin).

..Salicin; Populin (Benzoyl-Salicin); Tannin.

..Resin, Volatile Oil

Tannin.

Mucilage, Volatile Oil; Acrid Resin.

.Resin, Starch, Sanguinarine. ...Santal, Santalic Acid.

..Santonic Acid (or Santonin); Volatile Oil; Resin.

...Starch; Volatile Oil.

....Scammonin, identical with Orizabin. .Scillipicrin; Scillitoxin; Scillin; Gum.

..Sparteine, Scoparin.

Bitter principle; Volatile Oil.

..Senegin (Saponin ?); (Fixed Oil. Pectin ?).
Cathartic Acid; Chrysophanic Acid? etc.

Volatile Oil; Resin; Bitter principle (aristolochin).
Myrosin and Sinalbin, giving rise to Acrid Volatile
Oil. Fixed Oil.

Nigrosin and Sinigrin, giving rise to Acrid Volatile
Oil. Fixed Oil.

.... Volatile Oil; Bitter principle; Spigeline?.

[Ranuncul.].... Delphinine; Delphinoidine; Delphisine; Staphisa

[Euphorbiac.].

[Solanac.]....
[Solanac.].
[Apocynac.]..

grine. Fixed Oil.

.Resin. (Starch, Tannin.)

{Atropine and myos valled dature), constituting

what was formerly called daturine); (Albumen). .Atropine and Hyoscyamine (see Stramonii Folia). ..Strophanthin.

..Smilacin (Parillin); Saponin; Resin (Starch; Gum).

Mucilage.

OFFICIAL ORGANIC DRUGS, WITH NATURAL ORDER, AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS.-Continued.

CONSTITUENTS

[Hamamel.].......................Styrol; Cinnamic Acid; Styracin; Resin, etc. Volatile Oil; Resin; Angelicic and Valerianic Acids.

..Resin;

Nicotianin; Resin (Albumen).
..Fruit Acids; Sugar; Pectin.
Volatile Oil 0.25 %; Tanacetin.
.Taraxacin ; Taraxacerin ; Inulin.

NAT. ORDER.

Sumbul, Radix (1)..

[Umbellif.]..

Tabacum, Folia

[Solanac.].

Nicotine, 2 to 10 %;

Tamarindus, Fructuus Pulpa (1).

[Legumin.]..

.....................

Terebinthina Canadensis, Oleoresina..

[Coniferæ.]

Thuja, Ramuli.

[Conifer.].

Tolubalsamum (2).

[Legumin.].

Tragacantha, Gummi (9)...

[Legumin.].

Triticum repens, Rhizoma (1)..

[Gramin.].

.Volatile Oil ; Resin.

.Volatile Oil; Resin.

Volatile Oil; Resin; Thujin.

.Cinnamic and Benzoic Acids, and Tolene.

.Tragacanth; Bassorin.

......Sugars; Triticin.

.Mucilage.

....Sclerotic Acid? (Fixed Oil), etc.

....Gallic Acid; Arbutin; Urson; Ericolin; Tannin.

•[Melanthac.]... {Jervine; Pseudojervine; Rubijervine ; Veratralbine.

Viburnum prunifolium, Cortex (1)........ [Caprifoliac.].

.Viburnin; Valerianic Acid; Resin; Tannin.

Organic Compounds.

What are organic compounds?

*

Any compound containing carbon is an organic compound, whether it be a constituent of the animal or vegetable body or not. Practically all carbon compounds are organic compounds, and all the so-called organic compounds are carbon compounds.

How may carbon unite with other elements and with itself? If we combine carbon with hydrogen, for example, and form a saturated molecule, this combination may be represented graphically as follows:

H

H-C-H-Methane (Marsh Gas).

H

In all hydrocarbons, molecules containing more than one carbon atom, all of the carbon atoms present must be united to each other into a continuous chain or ring. The chain may be "straight" or "forked." As examples of "straight" chain :

H H

Ethane or

H H

* For a treatise upon "New Remedies" and synthetic products of the carbon compounds the student is referred to monographs by Dr. David cerna, "Notes on the Newer Remedies," Helbing's "Materia Medica," and Squibb's "Ephemeris" (vol. iv., No. 1).

An example of "forked" chain may be seen in Amylene Hydrate, see below.

Explain how the radicals methyl and ethyl may be derived from methane and ethane.

By removing one atom of H from each molecule respectively. This would leave radicals graphically represented as follows:

Explain how methyl ether and ethyl ether may be derived from the preceding.

All simple ethers are oxides of hydrocarbon radicals, the oxygen replacing its equivalent of H, example:

CH,–O–CH

Methyl Ether.

What is an ester?

C2H¿—O—C2H5.
Ethyl Ether.

Esters are ethereal salts, formed when hydrocarbon radicals unite with acids, as when ethyl (CH) unites with NO2, forming nitrite of ethyl, the ethereal ingredient in sweet spirits of nitre. The formula for this may be graphically represented as follows:

H H

_d_d_N

H-C-C-NO, C,H,NO2, Nitrite of Ethyl.
_NO=C,H,NO,,

H H

What is understood by an alcohol in organic chemistry? These are hydrocarbons in which OH (hydroxyl) is substituted for H. Graphically represented thus:

H

H-C-OH=CH,OH, Methyl Alcohol.

H H

H-C-C-OH-C,H,OH, Ethyl (common) Alcohol.

H H

(All Primary Alcohols have the general formula CH2n+1 CH2OH; that is, they all contain the group CH2OH; n signifies any number.)

What are aldehyds?

*

When primary alcohols (or glycols, etc.) are partially oxidized they become dehydrogenated. The name aldehyd is derived from syllables beginning the words alcohol and dehydrogenated. Oxidation of a primary alcohol may be represented thus:

CH.CH.OH. yields
} {

Ethyl Alcohol.

What is paraldehyd?

CH COH.
Acetic Aldehyd.

It is a polymeric form of Ethylic Acetic Aldehyde, CH,O. Now official.

* Alcohols having two hydroxyl groups (dihydric alcohols).