PRO-FORMA ACCOUNT SALES 1,293 BUSHELS INDIAN CORN, Shipped in bulk by. Fulton county, Illinois, put in sacks at New Orleans, consigned to Boston. 1845. June 25, Sold 411 sacks, (at auction, on arrival,)-gross weight, 55,896 lbs., tare, 411 lbs., leaving 55,485 lbs., or 1,055 bushels, at 55 cts..... $508 25 Sold 50 sacks, damaged,-gross weight, 6,850 lbs., tare 50 lbs., 6,800 lbs., nett, or 128 bushels, at 37 cts... 48 00 461 sacks, (gunny bags,) containing same, at 64 cents each................... 28 81 $657 06 CHARGES. Freight on Illinois River to St. Louis, 1,293 bush., at 5 cts. $64 65 Freight, per steamer from St. Louis to New Orleans, on Freight from New Orleans to Boston, at 14 cents per Wharfage, at cent per bushel.............. Marine insurance, from N. Orleans, 14 per ct. on $700. 10 00 161 62 38 79 59 62 4 84 173 90 5 91 6 95 6 33 10.50 3 72 Nett proceeds...... 16 42 $563 55 $93 51 Boston, Mass., July 1, 1845. E. E. The above sales are a fair average as regards prices, freight, &c., in ordinary years. One-half of the Illinois River freight, and all transhipping charges at St. Louis, can be saved when the rivers are high enough to allow first and second class steamboats to load above St. Louis. A saving can also be made by landing at Lafayette, or Thayer's warehouses, in New Orleans, where the whole charge is one cent per bushel, for storage, forwarding, &c. Corn is sold at 56 lbs. to a bushel, in the Western States; 53 lbs. are considered a bushel of Western corn, in Boston. TRADE OF CANTON, SHANGHAE, AND AMOY, IN 1846. British authorities, received by the Britannia, furnish us with a summary of the official returns of the trade with these ports, during the year 1846; and the revenue of Hong Kong, during the same year, as follows: The total public expenditure at Hong Kong, in 1846, was £60,351; the total revenue received, £27,047. The heaviest items of expenditure are:-Judicial and police department, £19,365; civil government, £14,340; public works and buildings, £17,575; revenue departments, £6,614. The principal sources of revenue are:-Rents, £15,572; licenses, £7,102; police assessment, £1,575. The estimated value of British imports into Canton, in 1846, was 10,214,383 Spanish dollars; or, at 4s. 4d. per dollar, £2,213,116 6s. 4d. About two-fifths of this amunt consisted of British manufactures; the remainder, of products of India and other countries. This merchandise was imported in 182 British vessels, of 85,937 tons, and 100 Hong Kong lorchas, 5,510 tons burden. The British exports from Canton, in the year 1846, are valued at 15,378,560 Spanish dollars, or £3,332,021 68. 8d. They were exported in 175 British vessels, of 78,374 tons, and 58 Hong Kong lorchas, of 3,456 tons burden. There arrived at Canton, in 1846, 214 British vessels, of 92,896 tons; 64 American, of 29,049 : 4 French, of 1,283; 8 Dutch, of 2,747; 1 Belgian, of 300; 1 Danish, of 305; 6 Swedish, of 1,791; 4 Hamburgh, of 1,097; 1 Bremen, of 152; 1 Prussian, of 550; in all, 304 vessels, of 130,170 tons. There sailed 207 British vessels, of 88,880 tons; 65 American, of 29,788; 4 French, of 1,283; 8 Dutch, of 2,574; 1 Belgian, of 300; 1 Danish, of 305; 6 Swedish, of 1,978; 4 Hamburgh, of 1,097; 1 Prussian, of 550; in all, 297 vessels, of 126,755 tons. The British imports into Shanghae, in 1846, are valued at £810,200; they were imported in 54 British vessels, of 15,069 tons. The exports for the same year are valued at £1,352,530; they were exported in 50 British vessels, of 14,159 tons. There arrived at Shanghae, in the course of the year, 54 British vessels, of 15,069 tons; 17 American, of 5,322; 2 Spanish, of 750; 1 Swedish, of 206; 1 Bremen, of 152; 1 Hamburgh, of 260; in all, 76 vessels, of 21,759 tons. There sailed 50 British vessels, of 14,159 tons; 17 American, of 5,322; 2 Spanish, of 750; 1 Swedish, of 206; 1 Bremen, of 152; 1 Hamburgh, of 260; in all, 72 vessels, of 20,849 tons. The estimated value of British imports into Amoy, in 1846, was £1,667,935 5s.; they were imported in 45 British vessels, of 9,378 tons. The estimated value of British exports was £8,436 15s. 2d.; they were exported in 45 British vessels, of 9,378 tons. JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES. PERFUMERY: ITS USES AND MANUFACTURE. MESSRS. CAREY & HART, of Philadelphia, have recently published a work on the manufacture and use of perfumery. The importance which is attached to perfumery by reason of its large and increasing consumption in the United States, renders the instructions as to the mode of its manufacture, imparted in the present volume, necessary, in a commercial point of view at least; and valuable, moreover, as a guide-book for the manufacturer, and as a protection to the purchaser against all improper and deleterious compositions. The knowledge which this work conveys, we are assured by the highly respectable publishers, and the learned chemist who prepared it, may be relied on for its accuracy and completeness to the present time. Extending to every branch and subdivision of the art, and comprising authoritative recipes for all the fashionable preparations now imported from the Parisian and Italian markets, and much other information, it may in justice be considered a complete preceptor in the matters of which it treats. The three distinct classes connected with the trade-the manufacturer, the merchant, and the trader, or retailer of perfumery-to each of which the work is addressed, will find it useful, if not indispensably necessary, in the prosecution of their business. We copy the opening chapter of the work, which treats of THE TRADE OF THE PERFUMER. The manufacturer of perfumery has more facilities for the furtherance of his art, either in large cities where there are ready opportunities for the disposal of his products, or in those places where the plants required in this branch of fabrication are indigenous and at hand. For instance, Paris consumes largely of perfumery, besides being an extensive export mart, whilst Greece and Italy afford abundant harvests of flowers. These three localities furnish the most important fabrics of perfumery. "There are manufactured different qualities of perfumery; the best and most elegantly embellished is consigned to an appropriate market in cities, whilst the ordinary and inferior kinds, deficient in costly wrappings and trimmings, are sent to the smaller traders in lesser towns, or disposed of to pedlars. The house of Hadancourt, St. Bridge, Paris, is a pattern establishment of this class, enjoying a sure and profitable encouragement. Perfumery: its Manufacture and Use. With Instructions in every branch of the Art, and Recipes for all the fashionable preparations. The whole forming a valuable aid to the Perfumer, Druggist, and Soap Manufacturer. Illustrated by numerous wood cuts. From the French of Clenart and other late authorities, with additions and improvements by Campbell Morfit, Practical and Analytical Chemist. Philadelphia: Carey & Hart. "Another class, embracing all the expensive preparations, choicest perfumes and rich accessories, is represented at the fashionable bazaar of Houbigaut, whose pre-eminence, as to correct taste, in his profession, and strict compliance with the vagaries of fashion, have obtained for him an enviable success. "The third class, uniting the other two, exhibits itself in the manufactures of Laugier, Dissey & Pivert, of Paris, and Roussel,* and Hauel, of Philadelphia. In their vast warehouses are packed all kinds and styles of perfumery, from the plain delftware pot of simple pomade, to the brilliant flagons and porcelain cases, of innumerable designs, richly embellished, and well filled with perfumes of exquisite and multifarious odors. "To insure success in this business, there are requisite talent, great activity, and considerable capital. Each manufacturer issues a list of his products with the wholesale prices annexed, as a guide to the retailer, who heretofore and still, by an arbitrary rule of general practice, as his profit, makes an exorbitant addition to the original cost of 100 per cent. As to the policy of this, a word or two may not be inappropriate. It is a wellknown fact, that, generally speaking, the sale of an article is in a ratio proportional to its price, and with perfumery, for instance, it is the high and unreasonable charges, therefore, that limit its consumption. To sell in quantity and cheaply, though diminishing the gains in detail, augments the gross profits by extending the market-an axiom which would be of profitable application in the commerce of perfumery." THE AMERICAN MINING JOURNAL. The first number of a new semi-monthly journal, with the above title, was published by JOHN E. GRANT, Esq., on the 9th of June, 1847. It closely resembles, in its appearance, the celebrated" Mining Journal and Railroad Gazette," of London, and like that journal is to be "devoted to the subject of mines and mining, metals, and minerals." It is conducted by a gentleman of intelligence, who will doubtless secure the aid and co-operation of a large class of persons interested in mining. From the introductory remarks to the first number, we give a single extract, from which our readers may form some idea of the general character and design of the enterprise : "In former times, and in a different state of society from that which now exists, when the whole circle of the useful arts was within the geographical limits of less than one-half of the Eastern continent, and animal power was used for most of the purposes of transportation, but a small comparative amount of metals was required for the uses of human life. The discovery of this continent, the introduction of a more intelligent and higher civilization, the discovery of steam-power, and the various inventions and improvements which have followed, upon land and sea, have produced wonderful changes in the business of the world, and extended widely the uses of the metals in the service of mankind. In iron and lead, the reduced price shows that the supply has kept pace with the demand; while, in copper, the advanced and still advancing price gives evidence that the demand has increased upon the supply. Many of our citizens will recollect the time when most, if not all the iron and lead used in the United States was imported from other countries, and with what suspicion and fear our citizens embarked in any enterprise which had for its object the mining and smelting of those metals. The wonderful discoveries of lead on the Upper Mississippi, and the immense quantities mined and manufactured, have astonished all who have given attention to the subject, either in Europe or America. The immense deposits of iron ore, in various parts of the United States, and the discoveries continually being made, are not less surprising; and if not so much now the subject of reinark as formerly, it is because the public ear has become so familiar with the reports of new discoveries that they have lost their public interest. The fact of a discovery of a mountain of iron ore, an ore-bed covering thousands of acres, or a coal-field extending scores of miles, now creates but little attention and no excitement. "The discovery of the immense deposits of copper, in the region of country bordering on Lake Superior, at first attracted some attention, and afterwards created considerable excitement; but the excitement over, the fact of their existence was added to the many While on a visit to Philadelphia, in January last, we visited the extensive perfumery manufactory of Eugene Roussel, the most extensive establishment of the kind in the United States, an account of which we prepared and published in the Merchants' Magazine for February, 1847. M. Roussel was for many years, previous to his settlement in Philadelphia, in the employ of Laugier, Dissey & Pivert, of Paris, and now manufactures perfumery and soaps, in all their variety, equal to the Parisian house. evidences of the great mineral wealth of this country. The development of these mines is left now to private enterprise and ingenuity, and promises profitable rewards. To aid that portion of our fellow-citizens who are, or may be hereafter engaged in exploring for, locating, and working these mines, we shall place before them full and correct information as to the discoveries of new mines, the annual yield of those discovered, the improvements made from time to time in tools and machinery used in the mines, the discoveries of new, and the improvements of old methods of smelting and manufacturing the metal, and the new purposes to which the metal has been or can be applied." WITH REFERENCE TO THE VALUE OF MECHANICAL SKILL AND LABOR. To show how cheaply iron is obtained, and how the mechanical skill and labor expended upon it totally overshadow the original price, a late number of the British Quarterly Review gives the following curious and instructive calculation:Bar-iron worth £1 sterling, is worth, when converted into£2 10 | Pen-knife blades,...... 36 00 Polished buttons and buckles,.. 71 00 Balance springs of watches,.... Horse-shoes, Knives (table,).......................... £657 00 897 00 Needles,....... 50,000 00 Cast-iron worth £1 sterling, is worth, when converted into Thirty-one pounds of Shropshire iron have been made into wire upwards of 111 miles in length; and so fine was the fabric, that a part of it was humorously converted, in lieu of the horse-hair, into a barrister's wig. The process followed to effect this extraordinary tenuity, consists of heating the iron, and passing it through rollers of eight inches diameter, going at the rate of 400 revolutions per minute, down to No. 4 on the wire-gauge. It is afterwards drawn cold, at Birmingham or elsewhere, down to the extent of 38 on the same gauge, and so completed to the surprising length of 111 miles. Of the quantity of iron manufactured in Great Britain, South Wales produces 279,500 tons; Staffordshire, 219,500; Shropshire, 81,250; Scotland, 37,750; Yorkshire, 33,000; Derbyshire, 22,500; and North Wales, 25,000. THE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS' REPORT. The Report of the Hon. Edmund Burke, the able and efficient Commissioner of Patents, recently published, shows that, during the year ending December 1, 1846, there were 1,272 applications for patents. The number of patents issued, during the same period, was 619, including 13 re-issues, 5 additional improvements, and 59 designs. The number of patents expired, 473. Three applications for extensions have been made, two of which were rejected, and one is still pending. Two patents have been extended by Congress. There have been received by the Commissioner, $50,264 16; of which sum, $11,086 99 have been repaid on applications withdrawn, and for money paid in by mistake. The expenses of the office, during the year, were as follows: for salaries, $16,142 97; temporary clerks, $5,785 61; contingent expenses, $7,485 19; compensation of district judge, $100; library, $675 96; agricultural statistics, $2,610 68; making the total amount of expenses, $33,700 41. There was also paid for the restoration of records and drawings, $786 31, and for duplicate models, $585; making the aggregate of expenditures, including the amount paid back on withdrawals, $46,158 71; leaving a balance to be carried to the credit of the patent fund, of $4,105 45. The amount of money in the Treasury, to the credit of the patent fund, on the 1st of January, 1845, was $182,459 69. The balance paid in on the 1st of January, 1847, increased it to $186,565 14. The Commissioner, in VOL. XVII.-NO. I. 8 his Report, speaks of the existing law, by which a subject of Great Britain is compelled to pay into the Treasury the sum of $500 before his application can be examined, and the citizens and subjects of all foreign countries to pay $300 on their respective applications. He says: "These duties were designed to bear some proportion to the duties required of American citizens making applications for patents in other countries, and on that ground may, perhaps, be justified and defended. "The effect of this provision is, unquestionably, to prevent the introduction into this country of many useful and valuable discoveries, which would otherwise be patented and introduced. Similar high duties have the effect to exclude American inventions from other countries. Thus, all countries are injured by this system of taxing genius for the exertion of its powers, in order to obtain, comparatively, a very small and trifling amount of revenue. "It affords no protection to the American inventor, to keep out the discoveries of his foreign emulator (not rival) in the arts, by taxing the emanations of his genius with high duties, while the country would derive much benefit from their introduction." We shall have occasion to refer to this Report in a future number of the Merchants' Magazine. REAL CHALK IN THE UNITED STATES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. It is mentioned as a well-known fact, by all writers on the Geology of the United States, that true "chalk has never been discovered in this country;" yet the chalk formation, or the cretaceous system, extends, in nearly a straight line, from New Jersey to Florida; because a great many fossil marine shells, which are found in the chalk of France and England, have been identified in the calcareous and sandstone rocks of New Jersey, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama; because many other animals, which are extinct at the present day, have been dug out in the green sand of both Europe and this country, and because the cretaceous system, which includes the marls, oolite, the beds of clay, and the magnesian limestone, correspond to that general great era of Revolution which must have taken place cotemporaneously in both hemispheres. Chalk is said not to have been found in situ, but the doubt hitherto expressed on this subject may safely be cleared up; for I brought with me, a few weeks ago, from Georgia, an interesting specimen of real chalk, enclosing flint; a most striking characteristic of the chalk of Lunenburg, Paris and London. The specimen I have exhibited to a number of my scientific friends, who all pronounce it in the highest degree interesting. I have treated it chemically, and its effervescing in muriatic acid, its behaviour before the blowpipe, convinced me that chalk must be found in larger deposits. I have also a few specimens of Echinus infulatus, from the same locality, and hope, in a short time, to discover a continuous bed of the substance. LEWIS FEUCHTWANGER. Dr. Feuchtwanger has shown us a specimen of the real chalk, as described in the foregoing communication, and has no doubt that it is to be found in great abundance in a large region of our country, so that it will not be necessary to go to France or Newcastle for the article.-[Ed. Merchants' Magazine.] MANUFACTURE OF REFINED INGOT COPPER. It is stated in the Baltimore American that the Baltimore Copper Smelting Company have recently commenced the manufacture of refined ingot copper, designed for the supply of founders and other workers in brass. It is turned out, after the process of refinement, in ingot shape, and of great purity; and, as far as it has yet been submitted to the test of the practical worker, has met with decided approval. There is every reason to believe that the production of the metal in this form will become an important part of the company's steadily growing operations. |