MAP INDEX.-Continued. 9F1 Taruco 13B2 The Hague ..10E3 Tomak, Siberia ...3N2) Trinity 17C5 .4A10 Tarvis 11E1 The Minch, Scot, 3D2 Tombigbee R....17E5 Trinity River....17C6 3E3 Tascosa .9D5 Taskend 8A4 Tombstone ...18D4 Tripoli .104 .18A1 Tomsk 2K3 Tripoli City .4D2 ..16D4 Toms River 15G5 Tripoli Province...413 .13C5 Tripolitza .11J6 15E3 Trisconnia 13F2 7E3 Tone .18A3 Troitsk, Russia....3L2 .6L3 Taunton .5H4 Tronador .707 K&L4&5 Tonio 17D6 Tonkin 10D7 Tonniens .10D4 Tonnerre .9B4 Tonning .9L5 Taylor, N. Dak...17B2 Thira or Santorin, .11H1 Taylor, Tex. .9J5 Taylorsville .9J4 Taytao Penn. .1111 Tayzerbo 9H4 Tazewell, Va.. .9K5 Teardale ....17C5 4C4 Tebbes, Persia.. .14B2 Tecolutla 9G4 Tegucigalpa .18C4 Tehran, Persia. .16B3 Thistle 7B7 Thiviers Tooele 11K6 Toon, Persia .4E3 Thomasville 13C4 Three Rivers 1Q4 Thunder Bay. .3H4 Tekamah, Neb...11C3 Ta Juana ..18B1 Tibain .11L2 Tiberias 2L5 Telegraph Creek..1863 Tibueh Tacoma Tadmur, Asia Tafalla 10D1 Tekoa Taghajet 4C3 Tekucha Tagli Tagul Tahite Tahlequah Taichau Taimo 12C7 Tell el Mahuta 5J3 Teller Station. 17C4 Telma .2N6 Telok-Betong. Taimyr Peninsula 1A1 Telluride 12E3 Temassinin 12E4 Tembleque .14A2 Temecula 206 Temesvar 2C5 Temissa 12E4 Tempio Taing-tau Taipei Taitol Taiwan Tajibeh Takou Taku 12D3 Temple Talarn .10D2 Tempord Talauer Is. .12E6 Tengri-nor Talavera de la Reina, Tennessee Talca 7B6 Tennille .12C4 Teplitz Talinka 14D2 Tepungan Tallahassee 16B4 Teramo Tallulah Falls 16B4 Terana Taltal Talyuen Tamah, Ia. 10B2 Tennessee River...6K4 Timan' .2M6 Ten Thousand Is. 16B5 Timbuktu .16B3 Torbert 17C2 .16B3 Torrijos 205 Tortuga .2C6 Tory Isle 14B2 Totana 16D2 Touga 1B4 Toul .2M6 Tropic of Cancer. 13A3 ...16C2 Truenbrietzen 3G1 Trujillo, Spain .313 Toulouse, France .13B4 Touraine 5D2 Tournai .2F5 Tours, France 3K1 Towner .18B4 Tsing .8B4 Tsitsikar 10D3 Tubas .5G3 Tubuaris 7B5 Terhato 17D3 Ternel, Spain. 12E4 Terkama 4H4 Term 4G7 Termasun 11F1 Timinoun 14E1 Timor Island .17A3 Timorlaut Islands .11E3 Tinmen, Siberia .4B3 Tintah .5G1 Termini Imeress..11E5 Tin-tellust 4C3 Tracadie .12E7 Tracy, Cal 11K6 Tralee .17A3 Tung-ting hu....12D4 .18A2 Tin-ynan .12B4 .....9H5 ..12A2 .5F3 Tsimandra-fouzane, 16D5 4G8 10E2 Tsimova 11J6 .2B4 Tortosa, Spain 3E3 Tsinan 4B4 Trabing 1601 Tullahoma 16A3 2P5 Tullamore ..SC5 18D2 Tulle .1007 16D1 Tullear ..4G8 .18A3 Tula .14D3 ..5G2 Tumbigbee R. . 16A4 .17C3 Tumna Bay. 14F1 17E2 Tungchang .12C4 .18C2 Tunging Lake. .2N6 .8B5 Tunguska ..12C1 3L2 Trancoso 10A2 Tunis, Africa .3F4 17C2 Transbaikal ..12D1 Tunis, Africa ..11D6 4C4 Transcaspian Province, Tunnel City... .17E2 .12D3 2G4 Tupelo .1795 12C5 ......4E8 Turgai 2H4 .11E5 Turian .2K4 ...16A2 Turin, Italy ..3E3 17E3 Turin .11B2 7G8 Turkey .3G3 9J3 Turkey .1114 11H3 Turkey in Asia ..11M5 .9H3 Turkestan .1R3 17C5 Trelew 7C7 Turkestan .3K&L4 .4B4 Trent 11D1 Turnau .9G3 .9F4 Trenton, Mo, ..17D3 Turner's Hole ..17E4 Turnny .934 ..9H4 Turnu Severin .11J2 .10C4 Turon .17C4 .11B4 Turtle Lake ....17D2 .18A3 Turtukan ....11L3 9D5 Treutsch:n .3K4 Treves 1803 Treviso .9J4 Tury-assu 7E3 .904 Tuscaloosa 17E5 11E1 Tuscany .11D3 .1113 Trial Bay. 5E5 Tuscarora .18B2 9K4 Tribune .17B4 Tuscumbia 16A4 5H3 Triest, Hungary...3F3 Tuscumbia 17E5 1C4 Triestoe .11E2 Tusun .4G11 .4D3 Trikala .1115 Tuticorin .2J8 10C2 Tutuila 5H3 .SC Tuy 10C1 .2K8 Tver, Russia .3H2 16B1 Tycloban 12E5 15H1 Tyen-shan .12A2 ...18E3 Tyle .17C5 .15J3 7C1 Tyrnau .17B4 Tyrol .9H4 11D1 .8B5 Transylvania ....11J1 Turan .10C5 Transvaal 8C3 Traverse City .11H4 Trebnitz 16B5 Trenton, N. J...16D2 Turnhout .2H3 Trenton, Tenn. 18D1 Trillo 15B4 Trim Tyrone 16C2 Ust Sisolsk, Ust Tzilma, Tyrrhenian Sea, 11D-E4-5 Ust Uchta, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, Ust Ussa, 3F3 Ustyansk Tzaritzin, Russia..3J3 Utah .14B2 Utaline MAP INDEX.-Continued. 15E5 (The Astronomical Calculations in the American Almanac are prepared by Berlin H. Wright, M. D., of Penn Yan, N. Y., and Lake Helen, Fla.) The Year. There have been many methods of computing time since man became wise enough to devise a calendar, and each, whether based upon the lunar or the solar system of computation, has aided him in his attempt to keep pace with the passing of the seasons and has enabled him to record those events which he has deemed of sufficient importance to be preserved for posterity. There were the Athenians, for example, who began their year in June; the Macedonians, in September; the Persians, in August, and the ancient Mexicans, in February. In the old Roman, or Julian, Calendar the months corresponded with our own, excepting that the year first began with March and that up to the time of the Emperor Augustus the fifth and sixth months of each year were designated as Quintilis and Sextilis. After that time, however, the names of Julian and Augustus were bestowed upon them, and so they were brought down to modern times. The old Romans had a somewhat peculiar method of reckoning the days. Their three points of computation were: (1) The "Kalends," as the first of each month was called. (2) The "Nones," which oc curred on the seventh day of the months of March, May, July and October, and on the fifth day of each of the other months; and (3) the "Ides," which came exactly eight days after the "Nones." In reckoning the days, therefore, these three fixed dates were taken as a basis, and each day of the week was said to be so any days before the next fixed date. Thus, while the first day of January was known as the "Kalends of January. "the 31st of December was "the day before the 'Kalends of January,'" but when the computations were carried further back both the days between and the fixed date itself were reckoned, a method which made December 30th the "third day before the 'Kalends.' The most peculiar calendar of comparatively modern times is that which was instituted as the result of the French Revolution. It was in September, 1793, that the Convention determined to abolish the use of the common era in all civil affairs and to substitute one of their own invention. According to their plan the new era should begin with the day of the last true Autumnal Equinox. September 22, 1792, and each surreeding year should begin at midnight of the day on which this equinox fell. The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days each, while the months were divided into three decades of ten days each. In order to make up the necessary 365 days, however, the five days were added at the end of the month of September: "Primidi," dedicated to Virtue: "Duodi," to Genius: "Tridi," to Labor: "Quartidi," to Opinson, and **Quintidi." to Reward. To complete the leap year a sixth day, called "Olympic," and dedicated to "the day of the Revolution," was added. The National Convention also decreed that to each tenth day, thirty-six in all, should be assigned thirtysix "Fetes Decadaires," each of which should be dedicated to the honor of some trait of character or condition of being that in this manner might be made to appeal more strongly to the hearts of the people. Thus, these "Fetes" were dedicated to the Supreme Being and Nature, the Human Race, the French People, the Benefactors of Humanity, the Martyrs for Liberty. Liberty and Equality, the Republic, Liberty of the World. Love of Country. Hatred of Tyrants, Truth, Justice, Modesty, Glory and Immortality. Friendship. Frugality. Courage, Good Faith, Heroism. Disinterestedness, Stoicism, Love, Conjugal Fidelity, Paternal Affection, Maternal Tenderness, Filial Piety, Infancy, Childhood, Manhood, Old Age, Sickness, Agriculture, Industry, Ancestors, Posterity and Goodness. The Gregorian Calendar was restored on January 1, 1806, and the following are the dates for the year 1804, the last complete year of the Revolutionary era: The year 1903, from July 4, is the 128th year of the Independence of the United States, and corresponds to the following: Year 7411-12 of the Byzantine era, year 7411 beginning September 1. Year 2650 of the era of Nabouassar. Year 2679 of the Olympiads. Year 2215 of the Grecian era. 7 CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. D! Dionysian Period.. 2 Jewish Lunar Cycle. 4 Mohammedan Era, year 1321, begins March 30. 8 Jewish Era, year 5664, begins September 22, or at 111 sunset, September 21. 6616 Chinese Era, year 4600, begins January 28. 232 1 Explanatory Note.-The Dominical Letter indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday seors. D is the fourth letter, and, therefore, the first Sunday will occur on January 4. The Golden Number is that number in a cycle of nineteen years which shows how many years have passed since new moon fell January 1. This is also called the Metonic Cycle from the astronomer Meton, who first discovered 432) that in nineteen years the solar and lunar years come together again. nearly and hence the lites of the Olympic games, celebrated every fourth year at full moon next after the Summer Solstice, would he adjusted both to the solstices and moon, and his tables were inscribed in golden figures on a Cirble pillar: hence our Golden Number. The Golden Number and epact, or moon's age, January 1, are hiefly used in fixing the date of Easter. The Solar Cycle indicates the number of years that have elapsed since the days of the week fell on the same days of the year- a cycle of twenty-eight years, and is used to 5 the Dominical or Sunday letter. It is the remainder found by adding 9 to the year and dividing by 28. The Roman Indiction is a evele of fifteen years, and is of no utility except to chronologens; it is the retrider found by adding 3 to the year and dividing the sum by 15. The Julian Period is a cycle of 7980 and is the product of the three cycles- Golden Number (19); Solar Cycle (28), and Roman Indie(1), and hence shows the time when they will coinelde or begin at the same time. The Dionysian Perial is a cycle of 532 years, and is called the Great Paschal Cycle, being the product of a complete Solar Lonar Cycle (28x19). It is the remainder found by adding 457 to the year and dividing by 532, and ith the Julian Perlod, Is chiefly used in chronology. The Jewish Lunar Cycle is always three less than the Number and is used by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals. Golden |