gallons per day tributary to the tank. Surface and rain water leaders and cistern and other overflow pipes must not discharge into septic, biological, or other treatment tank or cesspool used for the disposal of sewage.

All tanks shall be constructed with the longest dimensions parallel to the direction of the flow, and with a depth equal or greater than the width. Both the inlet and the outlet shall be submerged below the level of the water in the tank. The tank shall be provided with at least one manhole and cover.

(c) Effluent from tank.-The liquid flowing from a septic tank shall be discharged into a leaching cesspool, drainage tile, or filter beds; the kind and condition of the soil at the outlet of the tank to govern the proper system of outlet discharge to be installed, this construction to be decided by the inspector of plumbing.

All tight cesspool compartments, septic and biological tanks must be cleaned out whenever the sludge contents of the tank shall occupy one-third of the cubic contents of the tank. The leaching compartment of the cesspool shall be cleaned out whenever the level of the liquid does not recede below a level of 5 feet from the bottom and is gradually rising. The sludge removed from these tanks or cesspools shall be hauled away and buried or burned in a crematory when such is available.

SEC. 2. Whoever violates the provisions of this resolution shall be fined not to exceed $50 nor less than $25.

FOODSTUFFS, EATING AND DRINKING PLACES, FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS, SODA FOUNTAINS, AND ICE-CREAM

PARLORS.

ALLENTOWN, PA.

Eating and Drinking Places—Employees-Physical Examination-Certificates of Health Cleaning of Utensils. (Ord. Sept. 19, 1919.)

SECTION 1. That no person or persons, firm or corporation, or common carrier, operating or conducting any hotel, restaurant, boarding house, ice-cream parlor, soda fountain, barroom, buffet, wagon, carts, stands, or any other public eating or drinking place in the city of Allentown, Pa., where food or drink is prepared, cooked, mixed, baked, exposed, bottled, packed, handled, stored, manufactured, offered for sale or sold, shall employ or keep in their employ, in the capacity of cook, baker, butcher, waiter, waitress, dish washer, bartender, chambermaid, kitchen help, or other house servant, any person or persons who is or are suffering from trachoma, active tuberculosis of the lungs, open skin tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, open external cancer, barber's itch, or any other communicable disease.

SEC. 2. All persons engaged in the preparation, handling, serving, selling, or disposing of food or drink must file semiannually, with the department of health, a certificate of health signed by a qualified physician.

SEC. 3. Whenever required by the health officer, any person employed in any place in the city of Allentown, Pa., shall submit to a physical examination by such officer, or by some physician designated by such health officer, or by any qualified physician. If, as a result of such examination, said person shall be found to be affected with any infectious disease or with any venereal disease in a communicable form, such employment shall immediately cease and such person shall not be permitted to work in any such place until a certificate of health satisfactory to the department of health has been filed.

SEC. 4. All glasses, dishes, receptacles, or utensils furnished to a patron or customer must be thoroughly cleansed in a solution of hot water and soap before serving to another individual.

SEC. 5. That any person or persons, firm, or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance shall for every such offense, upon conviction thereof before the mayor, be summarily punished by a fine of not less than $10 or more than $100 for each and every offense, or be confined in the city lockup or county prison for a period of not less than 10 days or more than 30 days, or both, at the discretion of the mayor.

AUSTIN, TEX.

Food Establishments-Permits-Sanitary Regulation-Protection of Foodstuffs-Sterilization of Utensils. (Ord. May 30, 1918.)

SECTION 1. The term "food products" as used herein shall include all articles used for food, drink, flavoring, confectionery, or condiment by man, whether

1 See also Ice cream and confectionery, p. 240; Meat and meat-food products, p. 260; Milk and milk products, p. 308.

simple, mixed, or compounded. By "food-products establishments" as used in this ordinance is meant any place or establishment occupied, used, or maintained for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, exposing for sale, or keeping with the intention of selling any products, such as slaughterhouses, meat markets, butcher shops, fish markets, dairies, bakeries, confectioneries, ice cream factories, places for the handling, preparation, or sale of dairy products, or cooked or prepared foodstuffs, hotels, restaurants, grocery stores, fruit markets, vegetable markets, vegetable and fruit venders (peddling by wagon or otherwise), soda fountains, bottling works, and all similar businesses handling or having to do with foodstuffs. And also every room used for the purpose of any such business in the keeping, storing, manufacturing, preparing, handling, distributing, selling, serving, or offering for sale any meat, fish, or slaughtered poultry, meat products, bread, cakes, pastry, confectionery, milk, butter, or other dairy products, fruit, vegetables, groceries or other foodstuffs, whether raw or cooked or otherwise prepared or any liquid intended as food or drink for human beings, and also as herein provided to all places and premises connecting with any such rooms.

SEC. 2. No person, firm, or corporation shall establish, maintain, or operate any food-products establishment as described in section 1 of this ordinance without first having obtained a permit as hereinafter required.

SEC. 3. Any person firm, or corporation desiring a permit to establish, maintain, or operate a food-products establishment shall make written application to the mayor of the city of Austin stating the name and residence of the applicant, if an individual, or all the members of the firm if a partnership, or if a corporation the name of the corporation and the names and residences of the principal officers, and specifying the kind of business, also location and description of the premises where such food-products establishments is to be conducted. The city food inspector shall then make an investigation of the premises named and described in said application for the purpose of determining the fitness and suitability of such premises for a food-products establishment from a sanitary standpoint. Said food inspector shall then transmit to the mayor the said application, together with his or her recommendation for or against the issuance of a permit. If the mayor shall be satisfied that the applicant, or applicants, or its chief officers, if a corporation, is or are of good character and reputation, and that the premises where the food-products establishment is to be located are proper and suitable from a sanitary standpoint, he shall issue, or cause to be issued, a permit in accordance with such application, If the report of the food inspector shall be adverse to the issuance of a permit, the city council shall fix a day for a hearing thereon not less than 5 days nor more than 10 days from the date of the order for such hearing, and ample notice thereof shall be given to the applicant and he shall be given full opportunity to be heard upon his application for a permit. After such hearing the city council may grant a permit, or refuse to grant the same until the applicant meets or removes the objections upon which the council bases its refusal to issue the permit. In any event, the action of the city council shall be final in the matter.

SEC. 4. Every such applicant, upon compliance with the aforesaid requirements and the payment in advance to the city assessor and collector of taxes of the sum of $1.50 for retail establishments and $2.50 for wholesale establishments per annum, shall receive a permit under the corporate seal of the city of Austin, signed by the mayor and attested by the city clerk, which shall authorize the person, firm, or corporation therein named to establish, maintain, and operate the food-products establishment specified in the application at the place designated therein. Every such permit so issued shall expire on the 31st

day of December following the date of its issuance, but when issued after the 30th day of June the permit fee for the unexpired portion of the year shall be $1 for a retail establishment and $1.50 for a wholesale establishment.

SEC. 5. Every person, firm, or corporation to whom a permit is issued in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance shall immediately post said permit or cause the same to be posted, and shall at all times keep it posted in a conspicuous place within the premises where such food-products establishment is thereby authorized to be established, maintained, or operated.

SEC. 6. The city council may revoke any permit issued under this ordinance whenever it shall appear to its satisfaction upon the recommendation of the food inspector, or from any other source, that the person, firm, or corporation holding such permit is violating, or has violated, any of the provisions of the laws of the State of Texas or of the ordinances of the city of Austin relating to the carrying on of the business named in the permit: Provided, That no permit shall be revoked by the city council without a fair and full hearing thereon, as provided in section 3 of this ordinance: Provided further, That the revocation of such permit shall not be a bar to the prosecution of the offender in the corporation court for any violation of this ordinance.

SEC. 7. That any person operating a food-products establishment in the corporate limits of the city of Austin without a permit as required by this ordinance upon conviction shall be fined in any sum not exceeding $200, and each and every day he shall operate such establishment without such permit shall constitute a distinct and separate offense.

SEC. 8. It shall be the duty of the food inspector, the city marshal, and the policemen of the city of Austin, whenever they find any person operating a food-products establishment without a permit as required by this ordinance, to report the same immediately to the city council, and also to the city attorney, and it shall be the duty of the city attorney to at once enter prosecution against the offender in the corporation court.

SEC. 9. That every building, room, basement, or cellar occupied or used as a food-products establishment shall be properly lighted, drained, plumbed, and ventilated, and conducted with strict regard to the influence of such conditions upon the health of the operatives, employees, clerks, or other persons therein employed, and the purity and wholesomeness of the food therein produced, handled, or offered for sale.

SEC. 10. The floors, side walls, ceilings, furniture, receptacles, implements, and machinery of every food-products establishment and all cars, trucks, and vehicles used in the transportation of food products shall at no time be kept in an unclean, unhealthful, or insanitary condition, and for the purposes of this ordinance unhealthful or insanitary conditions shall be deemed to exist if food in the process of manufacture, preparation, packing, storing, sale, distribution, or transportation is not securely protected from flies, dust, dirt, and all other foreign or injurious contamination; and if the refuse, dirt, and the waste products subject to decomposition and fermentation incident to the manufacture, preparation, packing, storing, selling, distributing, and transporting of food are not removed daily, and if all trucks, scales, trays, boxes, baskets, buckets, and other receptacles, chutes, platforms, racks, tables, shelves, and all knives, saws, cleavers, and other utensils and machinery used in moving, handling, cutting, chopping, mixing, canning, and all other processes are not kept thoroughly clean, and if the clothing of operatives, employees, clerks, or other persons therein employed are unclean; but the enumerations above shall not preclude prosecution and conviction under this ordinance for other

matters or things producing unhealthful or insanitary conditions in or about any food-products establishment.

SEC. 11. Floors must be without open cracks, and made of cement, brick, tile laid in cement, wood, or other suitable nonabsorbent material, and must be kept free from litter and accumulated dirt.

SEC. 12. Walls must be well plastered, wainscoted, or ceiled with metal or lumber, and ceilings must be well plastered or ceiled with metal or lumber, and all shall be oil painted or kept lime washed, and be free from cobwebs, grease, and accumuated dirt.

SEC. 13. Doors and other openings must be securely screened with not larger than 14-mesh wire gauze: Provided, That drug stores with soda fountains in connection therewith, which do not keep, handle, sell, or offer for sale candies except in unbroken packages, and which have and operate a sufficient number of electric fans to eliminate and prevent contamination from flies, shall not be required to have front door screens: And provided further, That the sufficiency and effectiveness of the operation of such electric fans shall at all times be determined by the city food inspector.

SEC. 14. Ice boxes, refrigerators, and cold-storage rooms must be free from foul and unpleasant odors, grease, or food particles, mold, or slime, and thoroughly cleaned at least once a week.

SEC. 15. All counters, tables, shelves, bins, drains, sinks, etc., must be without open cracks which permit accumulation of dirt, and must be kept thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned.

SEC. 16. All stoves must be kept free from accumulated grease, food particles, etc.

SEC. 17. Every building, room, basement, or cellar occupied or used for the preparation, manufacture, packing, canning, sale, or distribution of food, shall have toilet or toilet rooms separate and apart from and not directly opening into the room, or rooms, where the process of production, manufacture, packing, canning, selling, or distributing is conducted, but adjacent and convenient thereto. Such toilet rooms, including all fixtures, pipes, vent pipes, and other things connected therewith, shall be constructed in accordance with the present ordinances of the city of Austin relating thereto, and shall be thoroughly washed, scoured, and cleaned every day. Lavatories and wash rooms shall be adjacent to toilet rooms and shall be supplied with soap, running water, and individual or paper towels, and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. Operatives, employees, clerks, and all persons who handle the material from which food is prepared, or the finished product, before beginning work and after visiting toilet, or toilets, shall wash their hands and arms thoroughly in clean water.

SEC. 18. A notice instructing employees, attendants, etc., to cleanse the hands thoroughly after visiting any toilet room shall be conspicuously posted in such

room.

SEC. 19. Cuspidors for the use of operatives, employees, clerks, or other persons shall be provided whenever necessary, and each cuspidor shall be thoroughly emptied and washed out daily with a disinfectant solution and 5 ounces of such a solution shall be left in each cuspidor while it is in use. No operative, employee, or other person shall expectorate on the floor or side wall of any building, room, basement, or cellar where the production, manufacture, packing, storing, preparation, or sale of any food is conducted.

SEC. 20. No person or persons shall be allowed to live or sleep in any food products establishment.