SPITTING.1

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Spitting-Prohibited in Public Places-Spittoons Required in Certain Factories, Stores, Offices, Etc. (Reg. Bd. of H., Oct. 15, 1918.)

SEC. 213. Spitting forbidden.-Spitting upon the sidewalk of any public street, avenue, park, public square, or place in the city of New York, or upon the floor of any hall in any tenement house which is used in common by the tenants thereof, or upon the floor of any hall or office in any hotel or lodging house which is used in common by the guests thereof, or upon the floor of any theater, store, factory, or of any building which is used in common by the public, or upon the floor of any ferryboat, railroad car, or other public conveyance, or upon the floor of any ferryhouse, depot or station, or upon the station platform or stairs of any elevated or subway railroad or other common carrier, or upon the tracks or roadbed, or into the street from the cars, stairs, or platforms of such elevated or subway railroads, is forbidden. The corporations or persons owning or having the management or control of any such building, store, factory, ferryboat, railroad car, or other public conveyance, ferryhouse, depot or station, or station platform or stairs of any such building, store, factory, ferryboat, railroad car, or other public conveyance, ferryhouse, depot or station, or station platform or stairs of any elevated or subway railroad or other common carrier, shall keep permanently and conspicuously posted in each of said places a sufficient number of notices forbidding spitting upon the floors and calling attention to the provisions of this section.

It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee, or manager of every factory, workroom, store, office, or place of business, in which 10 or more persons are employed, to provide proper receptacles for expectoration. Such receptacles are to be provided in the proportion of one for every two persons so employed, and they are to be cleansed and disinfected at least once in every 24 hours.

A copy of the preceding paragraph shall be kept posted in a conspicuous place in every such factory, workroom, store, office, or place of business.

NORWICH, CONN.

Spitting-Prohibited in Public Places. (May 7, 1917.)

SEC. 15. Spitting upon the sidewalk or any public street, avenue, park, public square, or place in the city of Norwich, or upon the floors of public conveyances, or upon the premises of public buildings, theaters, opera houses, or halls, except in proper receptacles, provided for said purpose, is hereby prohibited. It shall be the duty of owners, agents, corporations, or persons having charge of said public conveyances, buildings, theaters, opera houses, or halls to display in a conspicuous place and manner proper signs to be duly approved by said health officer. Every person or corporation willfully violating this regulation or refusing to display said signs shall forfeit and pay a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $50 for each offense.

1 See also Nuisances, p. 387.

PORT CHESTER, N. Y.

Spitting-Prohibited in Public Buildings and Public Conveyances. (Reg. Jan. 21, 1918.)

CH. 7. MISCELLANEOUS.

REGULATION 1. Spitting in public places forbidden.-Spitting upon the floor of public buildings or buildings used for public assemblage, or upon the floors or platforms or any part of any railroad or trolley car or ferryboat, or any other public conveyance, is forbidden.

SOMERVILLE, MASS.

Spittoons-Required in Factories and Workshops. (Reg. Bd. of H., Oct. 3, 1917.)

SEC. 50. Suitable receptacles for expectoration shall be provided in all factories and workshops by the proprietors thereof. Such receptacles shall be of water-tight material, built low, with broad bases, and receiving surfaces at least 9 inches in diameter. The minimum number of such receptacles shall be 1 for every 6 men and 1 for every 20 women employed in said factories or workshops.

WHEELING, W. VA.

Spitting-Prohibited in Public Places. (Ord. effective July 1, 1919.)

SEC. 70. It shall be unlawful for any person to expectorate or spit upon the walls, floor, or steps or other walkways or approach to any hotel corridor, hotel office, restaurant, or eating place, public hall, bank, public building, schoolhouse, post office, public office, courthouse, assembly room, street car, or other public conveyance, or upon any sidewalk in the city of Wheeling.

STABLES AND MANURE.1

LOUISVILLE, KY.

Manure Keeping, Removal, and Transportation-Construction of Receptacles. (Ord. Oct. 6, 1917.)

SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of every person owning, controlling, operating, or having in charge any public or private stable, barn, or place where horses, mules, asses, cattle, sheep, goats, świne, or other live stock are kept to have and maintain at all times upon the premises or adjacent to such stable, barn, or place a receptacle of sufficient dimensions which shall be fly proof from March to November of each year, for the purpose of containing the droppings of manure from such stock, which said receptacle shall have a top or lid so arranged as to be water-tight and fly-proof; and such owner, tenant, or occupant shall each day cause to be deposited therein all droppings from such stock and shall keep the lid thereof closed (except when necessary and briefly open for the purpose of depositing therein or removing therefrom) in such a manner as to prevent the ingress of flies thereto or therefrom.

SEC. 2. Every owner, tenant, or occupant within the city of Louisville shall cause the contents of such receptacle to be removed from the premises at least once a week, and oftener if required by the health department, such requirements applying to the period between March and November of each year.

SEC. 3. No receptacle shall be constructed or used for holding manure the bottom of which is below the surface of the surrounding earth, unless it be constructed of substantial cement or masonry and connected with the public sewer. Receptacles holding manure shall be constructed so as to prevent the entrance of water.

SEC. 4. Manure shall be removed from the stables, barns, and places within the city at the expense of the owner, occupant, or agent, and shall not be used as fertilizer within the city limits without the permission in writing from the health department.

SEC. 5. No manure shall be transported along any public street, alley, or highway within the city of Louisville except in a tight vehicle, which if not closed must be covered with canvas or other suitable material, so as to prevent the falling of the manure therefrom and the access of flies thereto.

SEC. 6. Any person or persons violating or assisting in the violation of any part or parts of this ordinance shall upon conviction be fined not less than $10 or more than $50, and each day's continuance of the condition shall be a separate offense.

MACON, GA.

Stables-To Be Maintained in a Sanitary Condition. Manure-Keeping and Removal-Construction of Receptacles. (Reg. Bd. of H., Sept. 12, 1917.)

That from and after the passage of this ordinance any person, firm, or corporation who shall keep or maintain on premises owned or controlled by them any

1 See also Animals, p. 16; Garbage, refuse, ashes, and waste matter, p. 188; Nuisances, p. 387.

horse, mule, or cow, shall maintain the stable or lot in which such animals are kept in a clean and sanitary condition at all times, and shall provide therein a tightly constructed, fly-proof receptacle into which all manure shall be placed and kept until removed from the premises. This receptacle must have a tightfitting cover, which shall be kept tightly closed except when manure is being actually placed therein or removed therefrom.

The capacity of such receptacles shall be sufficient to allow at least 24 cubic feet for each and every animal whose excreta is to be deposited therein.

The contents of these receptacles must be removed from the premises to a place acceptable to the board of health at least once each week.

NEW LONDON, CONN.

Manure-Keeping, Removal, and Transportation. (Reg. Dept. of H., Apr. 10, 1917.)

RULE 1. Every property owner who maintains a stable or permits his tenant or tenants to maintain one for stabling horses or cows, must provide a tightbottomed stall in which to store manure from said animals. Said stall or bin shall be constructed and located to meet the requirements of the health officer. Build a stall similar to a horse stall, three sides with tight bottom.

RULE 2. Said manure must be removed, bin thoroughly swept out, and suitable disinfectant sprinkled in the bottom once a week. Eight days is the limit for manure to remain on the premises.

RULE 3. All manure to be carried outside of the city limits, except on permission of the health officer.

RULE 4. All vehicles carrying manure must have a tight body. Manure must not be piled higher than the top of the body and must be covered.

These rules and regulations shall not apply to farms within the city limits where manure is stored at least 500 feet from any dwelling house located on adjacent property.

NEW YORK, N. Y.

Manure-Transportation. (Reg. Bd. of H., Feb. 25, 1919.)

Resolved, That regulation 17 of the regulations governing the transportation of offal, butchers' refuse, manure, swill, ashes, garbage, bones, refuse, and other offensive materials, and relating to section 239 of the sanitary code, be, and the same is hereby, amended and made to read as follows:

REG. 17. Final disposal.-Manure may be transported in vehicles to dumps operated under a permit issued by the department of health, or to farms in the unimproved sections of the city of New York.

PORTLAND, ME.

Stables, Pens, Etc.-To Be Maintained in a Sanitary Condition. ManureKeeping, Removal, and Transportation-Construction of Receptacles. (Reg. Bd. of H., June 13, 1917.)

SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation, whether as owner, agent, tenant, or occupant, to permit any pen, lot, stable, building, or portion thereof, or place where horses, mules, cattle, live stock, or fowls are kept to become foul, nauseous, or offensive so as to be detrimental to the health of citizens of the city of Portland.

SEC. 2. Every person, firm, or corporation, whether as owner, lessee, employee, or agent, operating or being in charge of any stable, barn, or other place where horses, mules, cows, or other live stock is kept within the limits of the city of Portland shall at all times keep and maintain in or adjacent to said stable, barn, or place, a receptacle or box of sufficient dimensions to hold and contain all manure from said live stock; said receptacle or box shall be so constructed as to be sufficiently tight to prevent any of the contents from filtering through the bottom or sides of same, and shall be covered with a fly-tight lid, which lid shall be kept closed at all times except when it is necessary to open same to deposit or remove the manure from said receptacle or box.

SEC. 3. Except where specially constructed and properly ventilated, watertight pits inaccessible to flies are provided, all receptacles or containers 'for manure, including soiled bedding, sweepings, and other refuse incidental to the keeping or housing of live stock shall be completely emptied at least once every seven days from May 1 to October 31, inclusive.

SEC. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person to haul, cart, or transport in, over, or across any street, avenue, alley, or public place within the limits of the city of Portland any manure, animal excreta, or stable sweepings, in any receptacle unless the same be covered and so constructed that its contents in the process of removal or transportation may not be dropped upon any street, avenue, alley, or public place in said city.

SEC. 5. Any violation of any of the provisions of this by-law shall be punishable by a fine of not less than $10 nor more than $100 or imprisonment for not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.