Owner's or Agent's Manifest of Articles exported by Railway. List or manifest of articles of domestic production or manufacture, and of foreign articles free of paid, delivered by. State of Agent Name of last port in United whence articles pass into the Foreign Country.) ( Name of (consignee. Name of place of intended Foreign (ow Name of I, Owner or Agent.) hereby certify that the above is a full and true statement of the kinds, quantities and values, and destination of all the articles delivered by me for exportation as aforesaid. Any owner or agent may include in a single manifest all articles exported by him on one train. SHIPPERS INVOICE OR MANIFEST OF GOODS EXPORTED BY EXPRESS. CHAPTER IX ORGANIZATION OF OCEAN TRANSPORTATION THE оcean transportation service has developed from small beginnings. Ocean commerce was long carried in small sailing vessels usually owned by the shipper, who might be an individual merchant or trading company, a planter, a fisherman or group of fishermen, and who generally operated the ship or ships as single units, sending them when and where a prospect of profitable trading arose; but at the present time ocean transportation is a service of great magnitude, performed by large vessels, mainly steamers, operated in most instances by large companies that usually are carriers solely, and not producers or traders. The typical ocean transportation company performs a highly organized service, and operates a large number of ships according to a well-defined plan. However, although the vessel owner is more often only a carrier, and not a producer, there are numerous manufacturing and mining companies that operate their own vessels; and during the past few years combinations in industry and the development of world markets have been accompanied by a tendency on the part of the producer to use his own ships to assemble his raw materials and to distribute his products. Similarly, many large railway systems, especially in Great Britain and the United States, have supplemented and increased their service of land transportation by establishing lines of vessels. This tendency of the large producer and |