to its command. On 1 July the report reached Gen. Meade, who was fifteen miles distant, that there was fighting at Gettysburg, and that Gen. Reynolds had been killed. Gen. Meade, who knew nothing of Gettysburg, sent Gen. Hancock with orders to take immediate command of the forces and report what should be done; whether to give the enemy battle there, or fall back to another proposed line. Hancock reported that he considered Gettysburg the place to fight the coming battle, and continued in command until the arrival of Meade. In the decisive action of 3 July he commanded on the left centre, which was the main point assailed by the Confederates, and was shot from his horse. Though dangerously wounded, he remained on the field till he saw that the enemy's assault was broken, when he despatched his aide-de-camp, Maj. W. G. Mitchell, with the following message: "Tell Gen. Meade that the troops under my command have repulsed the enemy's assault, and that we have gained a great victory. The enemy is now flying in all directions in my front." Gen. Meade returned this reply: "Say to Gen. Hancock that I regret exceedingly that he is wounded, and that I thank him in the name of the country and for myself for the service he has rendered to-day." In a report to Gen. Meade, after he had been carried from the field, he says that, when he left the line of battle, "not a rebel is in sight upright, and if the 5th and 6th corps are pressed up, the enemy will be destroyed." Out of fewer than 10,000 men the 2d corps lost at Gettysburg about 4,000 killed or wounded. It captured 4,500 prisoners and about thirty colors. Gen. Hancock at first received but slight credit for the part he took in this battle, his name not being mentioned in the joint resolution passed by congress, 28 Jan., 1864, which thanked Meade, Hooker, Howard, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of the Potomac generally. But justice was only delayed, as, on 21 April, 1866, congress passed a resolution thanking him for his services in the campaign of 1863.

Disabled by his wound, he was not again employed on active duty until March, 1864, being meanwhile engaged in recruiting the 2d army corps, of which he resumed command at the opening of the spring campaign of that year, and bore a prominent part in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, where the fighting was almost continuous from the 5th to the 26th of May. In the engagement at Spottsylvania Court-House, Gen. Hancock, on the night of the 11th, moved to a position within 1,200 yards of Gen. Lee's right centre, where it formed a sharp salient since known as "the bloody angle," and early on the morning of the 12th he gave the order to advance. His heavy column overran the Confederate pickets without firing a shot, burst through the abatis, and after a short hand-to-hand conflict inside the intrenchments, captured "nearly 4,000 prisoners, twenty pieces of artillery, with horses, caissons, and material complete, several thousand stand of smallarms, and upward of thirty colors." The fighting at this point was as fierce as any during the war, the battle raging furiously and incessantly along the whole line throughout the day and late into the night. Gen. Lee made five separate assaults to retake the works, but without success. In the subsequent operations of the army, at the crossing of the North Anna, the second battle of Cold Harbor, and the assault on the lines in front of Petersburg, Gen. Hancock was active and indefatigable till 17 June, when his Gettysburg wound, breaking out afresh, became so dangerous that he was compelled to go on sick-leave, but resumed his command

again in ten days. He was appointed a brigadiergeneral in the regular army, 12 Aug., 1864, "for gallant and distinguished services in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor, and in all the operations of the army in Virginia under Lieut.-Gen. Grant." On 21 Aug. the 2d corps was brought to Petersburg by a long night march, and on the 25th occurred the only notable disaster in Hancock's career. While he was intrenched at Ream's Station on the Weldon railroad, which the corps had torn up, his lines were carried by a powerful force of the enemy, and many of his men captured. The troops forming the remnants of his corps refused to bestir themselves, and even the few veterans left seemed disheartened by the slaughter they had seen and the fatigues they had undergone. Gen. Morgan's account of the battle describes the commander, covered with dust, begrimed with powder and smoke, laying his hand upon a staff-officer's shoulder and saying: "Colonel, I do not care to die, but I pray to God I may never leave this field." In the movement against the South Side railroad, which began 26 October, Gen. Hancock took a leading part, and, although the expedition failed, his share in it was brilliant and successful. This was his last action. On 26 Nov. he was called to Washington to organize a veteran corps of 50,000 men, and continued in the discharge of that duty till 26 Feb., 1865, when he was assigned to the command of the Middle military division, and ordered to Winchester, Va., to relieve Gen. Sheridan from the command of the Army of the Shenandoah. The latter set out the next morning with a large force of cavalry on his expedition down the Shenandoah valley. Gen. Hancock now devoted himself to organizing and equipping a force as powerful as possible from the mass at his command; and his success was acknowledged in a despatch from the secretary of war. After the assassination of President Lincoln, Gen. Hancock's headquarters were transferred to Washington, and he was placed in command of the defences of the capital. On 26 July, 1866, he was appointed a major-general in the regular army, and on the 10th of the following month he was assigned to the command of the Department of the Missouri, where he conducted a successful warfare against the Indians on the plains, until relieved by Gen. Sheridan. He was transferred to the command of the 5th military district, comprising Texas and Louisiana, 26 Aug., 1867, with headquarters at New Orleans. At this time he issued his "General Order No. 40," which made it plain that his opinion as to the duties of a military commander in time of peace, and as to the rights of the southern states, were not consistent with the reconstruction policy determined upon by congress. He was therefore relieved at his own request, 28 March, 1868, and given the command of the Division of the Atlantic, with headquarters in New York city. After the accession of Gen. Grant to the presidency, he was sent, 5 March, 1869, to the Department of Dakota; but on the death of Gen. Meade, 6 Nov., 1872, he was again assigned to the Division of the Atlantic. Gen. Hancock's name was favorably mentioned in 1868 and 1872 as a candidate for presidential honors, and he was nominated the candidate of the Democratic party in the Cincinnati convention, 24 June, 1880. On the first ballot he received 171 votes, in a convention_containing 738 members, and Senator Bayard, of Delaware, 1534. The remainder of the votes were scattered among twelve candidates. On the second ballot Gen. Hancock received 320 votes, Senator Thomas F. Bayard 111, and Speaker Samuel J. Randall,

of the house of representatives, advanced from 6| to 128 votes. On the next ballot Gen. Hancock received 705 votes, and the nomination was made unanimous. The election in November resulted in the following popular vote: James A. Garfield, Republican, 4,454,416; Winfield S. Hancock, Democrat, 4,444,952: James B. Weaver, Greenback, 308,578; Neal Dow, Prohibition, 10,305. After the conclusion of the canvass Gen. Hancock continued in the discharge of official duty. His last notable appearance in public was at Gen. Grant s funeral, all the arrangements for which were carried out under his supervision. The esteem in which he was held as a citizen and a soldier was perhaps never greater than at the time of his death. He had outlived the political slanders to which his candidacy had given rise, and his achievements in the field during the civil war had become historic. His place as a general is doubtless foremost among those who never fought an independent campaign. He was not only brave himself, but he had the ability to inspire masses of men with courage. He was quick to perceive opportunities amid the dust and smoke of battle, and was equally quick to seize them; and although impulsive, he was at the same time tenacious. He had the bravery that goes forward rapidly, and the bravery that gives way slowly. Gen. Grant says: Hancock stands the most conspicuous figure of all the general officers who did not exercise a separate command. He commanded a corps longer than any other one, and his name was never mentioned as having committed in battle a blunder for which he was responsible. He was a man of very conspicuous personal appearance. Tall, well-formed, and, at the time of which I now write, young and fresh-looking, he presented an appearance that would attract the attention of an army as he passed. His genial disposition made him friends, and his personal courage and his presence with his command in the thickest of the fight won him the confidence of troops serving under him." To a reporter in search of adverse criticism during the presidential canvass of 1880, Gen. Sherman said: "If you will sit down and write the best thing that can be put in language about Gen. Hancock as an officer and a gentleman, I will sign it without hesitation." See "Life of Gen. W. S. Hancock," by Junkin and Norton (New York, 1880); "Addresses at a Meeting of the Military Service Institution in Memory of Hancock" (1886); Francis A. Walker's "History of the Second Corps" (1887); and "In Memoriam: Military Order of the Loyal Legion" (1887).

HAND, Augustus C., jurist, b. in Stoneham, Vt., 4 Sept., 1803; d. in Elizabethtown, Essex co., N. Y., 8 March, 1878. He studied law at the Litchfield, Conn., school, and, removing to Elizabethtown, N. Y., was soon afterward appointed surrogate of Essex county. He served in congress in 1839-41, having been chosen as a Democrat, and was a member of the state senate and chairman of its judiciary committee in 1845-'8. He was elected a justice of the state supreme court in 1848, and on this bench and that of the court of appeals he sat until his defeat for the latter office in 1855. He then resumed the practice of his profession, in which he continued till his death. He was a delegate to the National Democratic convention of 1868.-His son, Samuel, jurist, b. in Elizabethtown, N. Y., 1 May, 1834; d. in Albany, N. Y., 21 May, 1886, was graduated at Union college in 1851, and practised law with his father in Elizabethtown till his removal in 1860 to Albany. He was corporation counsel for the city of Albany in 1863, reporter of the court of appeals in

1869-72, and in June, 1878, he was appointed judge in the supreme court to fill out the unexpired term of William F. Allen, but returned to practice in the autumn of the same year. He declined the Democratic nomination for governor, and also the appointment of judge of the superior court in 1875, and was one of the commissioners for the reform of the municipal government. In 1885 he was president of the special water commission of Albany. Judge Hand had a large practice before the court of appeals of New York. He was senior counsel in all the elevated railroad cases, represented the state against the canal contractors, and frequently declined to be a candidate for public office during his latter years. He collected one of the most valuable libraries in the state, was president of the Young men's Christian association of Albany in 1863, and of the New York state bar association in 1865, and received the degree of LL.D. from Union in 1884. He edited "The Philobiblon of Chancellor Debury" (Albany, 1861).

HAND, Daniel Whilldin, surgeon, b. in Cape May Court-House, N. J., 18 Aug., 1834. He received an academic education, took a partial course at the University of Lewisburg, Pa., and then studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1856. In 1857 he began practice in his profession at St. Paul, Minn. In July, 1861, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the 1st Minnesota volunteers, and in the next month was commissioned brigade-surgeon with the rank of major. He accompanied the Army of the Potomac in the peninsular campaign; was slightly wounded at Fair Oaks; in August, 1862, was placed in charge of the general hospital at Newport News; and in October made medical director of U. S. forces at Suffolk, Va. While on duty near Suffolk, he was taken prisoner in May, 1863, confined in Libby prison, and after his release, in July, 1863, was made medical director of North Carolina. In February, 1865, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and in the next month to colonel. He was mustered out of service in November, 1865, and resumed practice in St. Paul. Since 1872 he has been president of the Minnesota board of health, in 1883 was appointed professor of surgery in the University of Minnesota, and is one of the founders of the State medical society. He has written largely for medical journals. HAND, Edward, soldier, b. in Clyduff, King's co., Ireland, 31 Dec., 1744; d. in Rockford, Lancaster co., Pa., 3 Sept., 1802. In 1774 he accompanied the 18th Royal Irish regiment to this country as surgeon's mate, but resigned and settled in Pennsylvania in the practice of medicine. At the beginning of the Revolution he joined Gen. William Thompson's brigade as lieutenant-colonel, and served at the siege of Boston. He was promoted colonel

Edw. Hand

in 1776, engaged in the battles of Long Island and Trenton, and was appointed brigadier-gen