Such a display of grit as this was evidently more than the German had looked for, and after hemming and hawing a little he left without pressing his demands. It may be remarked by the way, that Captain Colby is a short, slender young man of perhaps 30 years; does not weigh more than 130 pounds, and that his entire crew, including himself and the cook, numbered just eight men! The next day after the inglorious defeat of the German man-of-war by eight unarmed Americans the Nipsic came into port, and Captain Colby at once reported the affair. Captain Mullan told the gritty seaman that he had done just right, and that he would protect him against any further aggression. The Constitution remained in Apia harbor until February 13th. On the morning of that day a gale arose, which increased with such rapidity and violence that Captain Colby had no time to put to sea or take measures for protecting his vessel. The gale rose suddenly, and the first thing the crew of the Constitution knew that vessel dragged her anchor and was dashed on a reef, where the waves broke over her and threatened every minute to grind the ship to fragments and send every soul on board to the bottom. The boats were smashed before they could be got out, and Captain Colby at once hoisted a signal of distress. The German man-of-war Olga was anchored nearer to the Constitution than any other ship in the harbor, and the officers of that vessel plainly saw the plight in which the plucky Yankee captain and his crew were placed. Indeed, Captain Colby distinctly observed the German officers on the quarterdeck of their vessel watching the Constitution as she was beaten on the reef and the folds of the flag of distress were floated on the gale. But did they offer to help the men who were in such imminent danger? Not they. Evidently they were only too glad to see the brave Yankee skipper who had defied them, in the jaws of death, and they did not so much as lift a hand to succor him. Mr. Winters-I demand the reeords of this transaction. Mr. Williams-There are none. This alleged transaction never occurred. Mr. Winters-I demand the record of the appointment of Joseph W. Young as Church emigration agent. Mr. Williams-There is no such CARL P. CARLSON The case of Carl P. Carlson vs. Frank H. Dyer, Receiver of the Late Corporation of the Church of record. He never was appointedJesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, never was Church emigration agent. came to am abrupt ending shortly Mr. Winters then asked Mr. after 4 p. m. March 14, soon after Jacobsen a number of questions as the hearing began. The plain- to whether he gave his note to pay tiff claimed that in 1864 he deposited for his emigration. These were with Joseph W. Young, as Church ruled out, as they had no bearing on emigration agent, $5000, and that the case. now he wanted it back. The evidence was remarkable from the fact that it did not even tend to prove was recalled and testified—I signed the allegations of the complaint, and a paper and gave it to Mr. Young. when a promissory note signed by the plaintiff, for the expense of emi-for that paper. grating himself and family to Utah, Mr. Williams produced the paper. was produced, showing that instead It is a promissory note, in which of his having deposited money with Mr. Carlson promises to pay the the Church agent he had received Perpetual Emigrating Fund Comassistance from the agent of the P. pany $412, the expense of emigratE. Fund Company, the case of the ing himself and family. This note plaintiff collapsed. has never been paid. The first witness called for the plaintiff was WM. W. TURNER, who testified-I am a carpenter; MARTIN D. WARDELL testified-I knew Joseph W. Young; CARL P. CARLSON, Instead of lowering a boat, or in any the plaintiff, testified-I came to manner offering to help a brother sea- Utah in 1864; I saw Jos. W. Young man in distress, they contented them- at Wyoming; he was in the office selves with quietly watching the in the store in the Church office; efforts of the shipwrecked crew we remained there six weeks, then without a single move to render as- came on across the Plains; I do not sistance. The Nipsic, however, saw know that Mr. Young was the the plight of the Constitution and the Church agent; I believed he was signal of distress, and dispatched such agent; it would be impossible her boats to assist her. They had for me to say he was such agent. the greatest trouble in getting alongside the stranded vessel, as there was a tremendous sea on, but finally they succeeded in getting all but the captain and first mate off the wreck. These two men, having seen the crew all safe, were obliged to precipitate themselves into the boiling, yeasty waves, and managed to swim and keep themselves afloat until one of the Nipsic's boats picked them up. At the same time that the Constitution was wrecked, two native vessels, the brig Matutu and the schooner Tamasese, were driven on the same reef and became a total Mr. Winters asked a great many questions that the court ruled out because they had no relation to the issues in the case. Mr. Carlson further testifiedThe Church made a request of us at Wyoming, Neb.; that is, some of the members did; Jos. W. Young made the request; I don't know that he reported his acts to the Church. PALTZER JACOBSEN testified-I live at Mill Creek; came Mr. Winters-I call on the defense Mr. Carlson then testified that he gave Mr. Young some money at the same time. RECEIVER F. H. DYER testified-I received that note as property belonging to the P. E. Fund Company; I have no records showing the appointment of Joseph W. Young as Church emigration agent; have some papers from him belonging to the P. E. Fund Company; he was in the employ of that company in 1864-at least his accounts look that way. Mr. Winters-I was informed by one of my witnesses that he knew of the appointment of Mr. Young as Church emigration agent but I find he was mistaken. I therefore ask that this case be continued. Court-We cannot do that at this All the while Pezon stood there with his eyes wide open and as if nailed to the spot. When he had finished his job the Cossack left the cage as quietly as he had entered it, and it required the most energetic and expressive gestures on the part of the lion tamer to prevent his repeating the experiment on a second wild beast.-London Times. the most agreeable kind, although our last century novelists. An zon stood awaiting developments, not very disastrous in its results. American will use "sick" or "mad" ready to rush to the scene when the Just as we were pulling out of just as their forefathers would have crisis came. The moujik, sponge in Kansas City a heavy, well-dressed done in places where we should em- hand, coolly approached the tiger man stepped up to a member of our ploy "ill" and "angry." and made ready to rub him down party who had just taken his wal- We owe our cousins a certain with the stolidity of a military bootlet from his pocket in order to get amount of gratitude for re-clothing black polishing his captain's boots. his ticket, and intimated his desire with conversational respectability The sudden application of cold wato borrow money. He was met, many of the highly-convenient ter to its hide evidently produced a however, with a refusal. The words which had somehow dropped very agreeable effect on the tiger, stranger then asked for change for out and been replaced by much less for it began to purr, stretched out its "a 40," and was again answered direct and much less expressive paws, rolled over on its back and with a respectful no. Thereupon substitutes. Whether we need be complacently offered every part of he snatched the wallet, which con- so much obliged to them for the its body to the vigorous treatment of tained $10 and the railway ticket odds and ends which they have the moujik, who went on scrubbing and made for the door. This was picked up everywhere and put into with might and main. instantly opened by a confederate current circulation is more quesfrom the outside, but the victim of tionable. For the American is the the robbery caught the thief most larcenous of linguists. He before he could reach the has "been at a feast of languages door. The two fell upon the and stolen the scraps." The slang platform together in the course of of the Chicago or San Francisco the struggle, but assistance was soon loafer has levied contributions on given to each party, the assistant half the Aryan and two or three of thief trying to get his companion off the non-Aryan tongues. All the the train, while several of our com- elements that go to make up the pany endeavored to hold on until an cosmopolitan population of the arrest could be accomplished. The Union contributed something to the robber, however, slipped out of his medley. There is a little French, two coats and disappeared in the a good deal of "Dutch," a fair quandarkness. The property he left be- ity of Spanish, a sprinkling of hind was estimated to be worth $20, Scandinavian, Italian, a hint at and was sent back to the police for Chinese, and something more than identification. When last seen blood a perceptible dash of the tongue of was running down the face of the the red man. It is altogether a fugitive thief. strange amalgam, this American language-not unlike the equally The American Language. remarkable mixture out of which Americanese is not a mere mod-in due course the American people ern improvement or corruption is to be evolved. But at present whichever we like to call it-of the language which is spoken in these islands, says the London Telegraph. Quite the contrary. Dr. Freeman, in one of his essays, has pointed out that, while in some respects Americans are a great deal "newer" than ourselves, in some others they are considerably older. Much that has both the people and the language Sponging a Tiger. When Pezon, the lion tamer, was at Moscow with his menagerie, he Cliff Dwellers. One of the most attractive portions of Colorado, if not in the entire west, is that part of the State in which are found the cliff dwellings of a long extinct race. The district in which these ruins are located covers an area of nearly six thousand square miles, chiefly in Colorado, but which includes narrow belts in the adjacent territories of New Mexico, Utah and Arizona. The ruins of this region, says the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, like most others of the extreme west and south, are the remnants in a great measure of stone structures. It is evident, however, that a great portion of the villages and dwellings of the lowlands which comprise the district have been of material other than stone, frequently, doubtless, of rubble and adobe combined. The of cliff houses conform in shape to the velous. Their construction has cost a great deal of labor, the rock and mortar of which they are built having been brought hundreds of feet have a much more modern look up the most precipitous places. They than the valley and cave remains, and are probably in general more recent, belonging rather to the close than the earlier parts of a long period of occupation. died out of our politics, our societies, our habits and customs, still survives in the states. So it is with the language. As every investigator knows, much of it is not new English at all, but genuine old English. Old provincial forms, old local words, old dialectical peculiarities, which have become obsolete or mere vulgarisms with us, have kept their freshness in the New England States, and thence have spread over the continent-to spread in time over the world. A good deal of what we regard as Yankee vulgar- Next morning, armed with a ism is good, honest Anglo-Saxon broom, a bucket and a sponge, he that was current in conversation opened the first cage he came to and and books for centuries before the quietly stepped in, as he had seen Mayflower sighted Plymouth Rock. his master step on the previous day It seems probable that a rich reThe perpetual "I guess" of the New into two cages of harmless brutes, ward awaits the fortunate archæoloEnglander is a case in point. "Full but this one happened to be tenant- gist who shall be able to thoroughly 20 year he was of age, I guess," ed by a splendid but untamed tiger, investigate the historical records says Chaucer, concerning the that lay stretched on the floor fast that lie buried in the masses of ruins, "yonge squyre" of the Canterbury asleep. At the noise made by open-mysterious burial places of the norththe unexplored caves, and the still pilgrimage. Hosea Biglow would ing and closing the door the crea- west. hardly have used the phrase differ- ture raised its head and turned its But it is quite improbable ently. Similarly, such words as green eyes full on the man, who, that any certain light will ever be "peart" and "brash" and "slick" all unconscious of his danger, stood thrown on the origin of this curious and even "squirm," which strike us in the corner dipping his big sponge race or its history.-Ex. as specially racy of the states, are into the bucket. used to this day in the common At that moment Pezon came out Prophetic Trees. speech of the common people in of his caravan and was struck dumb In parts of Germany, when at northern and eastern England. In by the terrible sight that met his evening the clouds rise and bear the works of that eminent philolo- gaze. What could he do to warn some resemblance to a great tree— gist, Sam Slick, one may find men- the man of his danger? A sound, a that is, when there is, as it were, a tion of a person being "smoked"- movement on his part might enrage pillar of vapor between the horizon that is, made a butt of-just as in the great beast and hasten its attack and the overarching canopy of cloud, Smollett and Fielding and others of on the defenseless Cossack. So Pe- the peasants call it "Abraham's tree,” or “Adam's tree." A mack-whatever he might be called, is a ciations, the most beautiful house in erel sky provokes the saying: "We powerfully built man when his size the world. No other White House shall have wind, Adam's tree put- is taken into consideration-in fact could ever be the same to the people, ting forth leaves." If the leaves ap- he is a veritable little Hercules. His I am sure. If there must be anypear in the afternoon it is a sign of feet are five inches in length from thing new let it be executive offices, fine weather; if early in the morn- heel to toe, and his fingers measure but never a new White House. It is ing, of storm. The serpent that from two to two and one-half inches not only the beauty of the old house gnaws the roots of the Yggdrassill in length. His great peculiarity, that I love, but I have a feeling of seeks the destruction of the uni- however, is his face. His eyes are reverence for the past. There has verse. When the roots are eaten so widely separated as to leave room seemed in the busy life here so little through the tree will fall over; the for the eyebrows to grow down on time for me to think of its history end of all things has come. The old each side of the bridge of the nose and the people who have been here English Maypole is the same tree, and still leave a space between them before me. But sometimes, when I bursting into beauty and foliage in and the corner of the eyes. He is am alone, and walk through the the spring. As our Anglo-Saxon forty-two years of age and is a priest rooms and think of the men who forefathers regarded, with the Norse- of his tribe. In speaking of the have been presidents and of their man, the ash as the world tree, and dwarf, Senator Arceaga told a Phila- wives, the grand old house gives me the ash is deciduous, they kept the delphia Telegraph reporter that dur- a feeling of awe. Oh, I could not festival of its restoration to vitality. ing fourteen years sojourn in Cen-bear to think of it as changed and The Germans took the evergreen tral America and Guatemala he had different after I leave it. I want to silver fir as the symbol of the ever- heard of these little people and de- think always of it as it is now and I living tree of the world's life. Yet termined on his leaving the country know it-the White House of the peothey also keep some festival analo- to get a specimen and bring him to ple and the President's house."-Ex. gous to our Mayday.-Cornhill Mag- New York for the scientific world to see. He journeyed to the mountain home of the tribe of dwarfs, and after much bargaining secured the man he now has with him. azine. The Empress of Japan. The London Mode of Fashion says that the Empress of Japan is at the head of a powerful movement for bettering the condition of the women of that country. She has established a college for women at Tokio, under the management of a committee of European and American women. He says that the only other reprewhite men was a brother of the man sentative of the race ever seen by he now has who was brought to New York many years ago but who died soon after landing here. These little people are semi-civilized and Mrs. Cleveland and the White House. Degraded by Drink. In 1873 Miss Elizabeth Hawley, then a bright-looking, intelligent girl of 17 years, taught a class in the Clement Grammar School. At infants' class in the Trinity Church the same time she presided over an Sunday school, the members of which esteemed her very highly for her many good qualities. After two years' service as teacher The standard of education is very all speak Spanish, which is the lan-in the public schools Miss Hawley low, especially in the country dis-guage of the country. trict, and it is hoped that this college will prove a valuable aid in raising the women of Japan to a higher level. In one of the London hospitals there are now three Japanese ladies who are going through their training as nurses, with the intention of returning to their own country when qualified and teaching their own country women.-Detroit Free Press. A Race of Dwarfs. A representative of a very curious type of aborigines who dwell in a mountainous district in Guatemala, Central America, recently arrived in Philadelphia on a steamship from Aspinwall, in charge of Senor Arceaga, of Central America. The native represents a race of people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and the attention of several scientific societies in New York is to be called to him within a few days. The dwarf is not brought to this country for exhibition at a museum or elsewhere, but as an ethnological curiosity for scientific men to examine. The dwarf is 3 feet 81⁄2 inches in height by actual measurement, but a remarkable specimen of humanity. His head measures 264 inches in circumference, and an American hat, size 8%, could barely be forced upon his head. A mass of long, straight, thick black hair covers his head in a thick shock and down almost to his neck. His skin is of a deep copper color and his features flat, like those of a negro resigned her position in 1875 to marry a ship-chandler's bookkeeper named Thompson, who has wealthy relatives residing at Cheyenne, W.T. For some time the couple moved in good society here, but suddenly they were lost sight of, and Mrs. Thompson was forgotten. Yesterday she appeared before the insane commissioners, on complaint of her aged mother, who charged her with habitual drunkenness. Mrs. Thompson, when questioned relative to her sad history, exhibited great intelligence in her replies. Though only 33 years of age, her gray hair and wrinkled features gave her the appearance of a woman of sixty. She tearfully admitted that an insatiate desire for liquor was the cause of her downfall. It was one morning in the bedroom before the President's plans were settled, says a Washington letter to the a New York Times, that Mrs. Cleveland talked frankly and sensibly about herself as mistress of the White House. "Ifour plans were fixed I should be glad, "she said, "it would, of course, be a little relief to know where we shall live. But I am sure people can not understand how I feel about leaving the White House. They think it hard, I suppose, for me to give up the life here because I am young. But it is because I am a young woman that I feel less regret. If I had lived half or the greater part of my life before coming to the White House I know I should have more regret about leaving it. All of the women who have been here before me were older than I am. Most of them had a great deal of a woman's life before being called to this position, and I think they must have been more sorry to give it up than I can be. You see," with a smile of charming frankness. "I have not had my life yet. It is all before me-the real life and the real home. After my father died we had no settled home, my mother and myself. I was at school and then, you know, soon after came to the White House. I can't tell you how much I desire a home of my own. Oak View has given me some idea of a hone Mrs. Thompson said that she was life, but even there I have felt that willing to go to the asylum, as she it was only for a short time. Perhaps was in hopes that a prolonged abif this desire had not grown stronger stenance from liquor might cure her and stronger I should feel more re- of her inordinate craving for it. Her gret. As it is I am not saddened by two children, she said, are being the thought of leaving the White cared for by her mother, and her House. One thing, though, would husband deserted her seven months make me very sad-if any change ago to work in Cheyenne, where he should be made in this beautiful now is. She will be sent to Stockton house. It is to me, with all it asso- today. "When I ceased teaching, to marry my husband,” said she, with emotion, "I had a happy future before me. I was in possession of a little property in Alameda, but shortly after our marriage my husband began drinking, and soon our little all disappeared. I be gan to drink at my husband's solicitation, and soon the day came when I began to drink to excess. After the birth of my two boys, the eldest of whom is 10 years old, I made a desperate effort to throw off the deadly habit. but failed. Here I am, at last, locked up like a felon -a miserable wretch! I never thought I would come to this; never!" her as Superintendent Anderson, when wood is reached. The keeper and style of fine writers, would soon his attention was called to Mrs. the dog pass through it, but the find that his own volumes were deThompson's case, said that he knew pigeon's courage fails at this point servedly left without readers. New Miss Hawley when she and she returns to the kennel to wait thoughts, ideas, aims, methods, taught at the Rincon School. She for the pointer's return. Another plans, are in the air. Whatever is was considered to be one of the writer tells in the same journal of a good in them is due from every nabrightest and most accomplished hen which has acted for several tion who originates them to every teachers in the department and was weeks as a foster-mother to eight other, from every individual who highly respected by her associates. spaniel puppies. The real mother, conceives of them to every other. San Francisco Chronicle, March 12. a gentle creature, allowed the hen to What folly to reject them because cover the puppies with her wings they are not original. The question and to remain with them day and is not, are they mine or yours or night. When the puppies began to some one else's? Not, are they walk she was their constant atten | American or English, French or dant; when they learned to eat she German, but are they true? Are would "call" them and break up they good? Are they adapted to their food. As they grew older they our needs? True originality, while barked and capered around her, but nobly living its own life and disthey tried her patience sorely and daining to copy that of another, is led her asad life.-PhiladelphiaTimes. yet thankful for every influence that helps it to ascend and to expand, just as the healthy plant, while retaining all its individuality, welcomes every sweet influence of gentle breeze, inspiring sun and refreshing rain, and grows larger and stronger, more beautiful and more fragrant while absorbing them into its own existence.-Philadelphia Ledger. Social Condition of Russia. From Newsboy to Merchant. Any man who is actually engaged in business life in New York will testify to the fact that the newsboys and street arabs of the town often make admirable clerks. The way these little outcasts work their way into commercial houses of established standing is remarkable. Everybody knows that a percentage of the public and prosperous men of A Tragic Record. America began as newsboys, but Can the record of tragic deaths of everybody may not be aware how men in high places that have ocmany youngsters there are all curred in the past quarter of a centhrough the city whose natural tury be matched by any previous sharpness enables them to work period? First, the assassination of their way out of the gutters in President Lincoln; then the execuwhich they were born. They begin tion of Maximilian in Mexico, the as hangers on. They may be news- dethronement and death of Louis boys, bootblacks or street gamins of Napoleon, in just retribution for every kind when they begin to make Maximilian's fate; suicide (or murtheir headquarters in front of some der) of Sultan Abdel Aziz and the late minister to Russia, in a pubThe Hon. George V. N. Lothrop, shop or in the doorway of a assassination of his ministers at Conlished letter, makes some interesting big commercial house. Pov- stantinople; the assassination of erty has sharpened their wits. Czar Alexander at St. Petersburg; cles in The Century. He believes comments on Mr. Kennan's artiThey are quick to pick up a the death in battle of the ex-prince Mr. Kennan's statements to be in dropped umbrella or cane, or to imperial of France; the assassination the main correct, but thinks the open the door for one of the clerks, of President Garfield; the painful impression conveyed by them is caland they easily scrape an acquaint- end of General Grant; the madness ance with the men around the and suicide of King Ludwig of Ba-culated to give a mistaken idea of place. If one of the clerks wants varia; the death of Emperor Fred- the social condition of to send a telegram in a hurry, or erick III of Germany under similar The idea is that the people of Rusthere is some short errand across circumstances to that of Gen. Grant, sia live in a wretched condition of the street, it soon becomes the cus-and now the suicide of Crown fear, cowering and cringing under a cold and cruel despotism, with tom to rap on the window and call Prince Rudolph of Austria. It may the street arab in to do the commis- well be asked in high places, with fear lest they may at any time be sion. It is not only that he is satis- trembling lips, if the gloomy list is seized and condemned to the horfied with a few pennies for his re- to include other names ere long. Russian political system rors of Siberian exile. While the is in ward, but he is not uncommonly Boston Herald. as quick as a flash in executing his theory an absolute autocracy, it is, commissions, and after a time, if he in fact, conducted and limited by displays any aptitude. somebody positive law. Russian civil society is no more oppressed with fears of buys him a $6 suit of clothes, and Siberian exile than is society in before it is quite realized he has a New York with fears of Sing Sing. footing on the salary list of the The horrors of Siberian prisons are house. History repeats itself with not due to design, but to an unthese waifs. By the time some of expected overcrowding of prisoners, the juvenile readers of the Sun and these shock the Russian auhave reached their majority they may feel honored by even the usual can justly be made is that redress thorities. The only complaint that nod of recognition from some of the newsboy who are now hanging about the doors of the big business houses.-N. Y. Sun. A Strange Alliance. A well-known writer in a London paper tells about a friendship that arose between a pointer dog and a pigeon. The pigeon lost its mate and at once sought the pointer's society. Fob the dog's name-acquiesced in the friendship, and suffered the pigeon to take his biscuit and water and to nestle close beside him in the kennel. One day two chickens wandered into the kennel where the dog and pigeon resided and Fob promptly bit their heads off, an intimation that he could not stand the company of three birds. On the days when Fob is taken on to the moor to hunt grouse the pigeon follows him, taking a series of short flights over his head until a little Originality and Imitation. It is curious to note how many ex- Russia. The shocking condition of jails in the United States is, says Mr. Lothrop, far from being unknown, and we should remember that everywhere in these places for detention of prisoners there is a tendency to evils and abuses. Mr. Lothrop thinks the exposing of these evils will hasten the remedy; and believes the system is rapidly drawing to its end. The political offenders who resort to dynamite and the dagger will get little mercy there or anywhere else. Mr. Lothrop closes his interesting letter as follows: "Russia is a country so enormous and so remote that we are likely to have many erroneous notions about her. But let us not forget in America that she has always been our friend, and that in some great national exigencies this friendship has been of great value." New York Times. A brief session of the Third District Court was held on the afternoon of Mar. 15, shortly after 4 o'clock. The business was to deal with the case of Gen. R. T. Burton, against whom there was an indictment for living with more than one wife between January 1, 1885, and September 1, 1886. The defendant was arraigned, and pleaded guilty to the charge of unlawful cohabitation. GEN. BURTON IN COURT. | been poor and at times critical. In It is of no use trying to make oneconsideration of all the circum-self believe that a heavy downpour stances of the case, we believe that is merely a slight mist. Optimism the ends of justice would be better of this character is the worst kind served, and the dignity of the law of folly. Post prandial orators may fully maintained, by a light penalty, tell us nice stories, and favor us rather than a severe punishment; with roseate pictures of national and we, therefore, ask the clemency prosperity and political beatitude, of the court in Mr. Burton's be- but we must not let ourselves be half." This document, your honor, deceived by champagne oratory. is signed by Robert Harkness, The plain truth is that 40,000 R. C. Chambers, John E. Dooly, able-bodied men are out of employThomas Marshall, S. J. Lynn, T. R. ment today in Chicago. It is esF. S. Richards, attorney for the Jones, Byron Groo, J. G. Suther-timated that 30 per cent of this army defendant, said If your honor land and O. A. Palmer. Had I of unemployed are heads of famiplease, Mr. Burton desires to waive deemed it to be necessary, I could lies. When one considers these time for sentence and to receive the easily have secured at least a hun- figures, what a sorry spectacle prejudgment of the court now. Be- dred more, but these, I think, are sents itself. It means shoeless, fore sentence is passed, however, sufficient to show your honor the shivering children, woe-begone, I desire to call the court's attention estimation in which he is held. anxious, irritable mothers, and desto a few facts pertaining to this case. While Mr. Burton has been honored perate, despondent fathers. Several The defendant is over sixty-eight with civil positions, he has not been cases of actual deaths by starvayears of age. He married his forgotten so far as ecclesiastical hon- tion have been reported during the last wife in 1856-six years before ors go, and today he is one of the last week. The newspaper offices the passage of the first act of Con- presiding Bishops of the Mormon have been turned into relief and gress forbidding the practice of church. I mention this latter fact, aid bureaus. Each paper has its polygamy or making it an offense. your honor, not that it has any par- own special relief staff. Great disHis families have at all times lived ticular bearing upon the case, but tress prevails in the stock yards separate and apart. For several because of a desire to be frank and district. This has been a very years past and prior to the fair in the matter. dull winter in the packing and finding of this indictment, I bedressed meat industries, and the lieve, he has lived with his first employees in these departments are wife only. He is a man of good notoriously extravagant, thriftless standing in the community, and has and drunken when earning money. held several important positions, which he at all times filled to the satisfaction of his constituents. In addition to the fact that this is his first offense, when he learned that witnesses against him were wanted, he instructed his sons to go before the grand jury and give that body all the information within their power. Judge Sandford-How long did you say it is since he has lived with his second wife? serve Mr. Richards-He has lived with none but his first wife for at least three years past. The condition of Mr. Burton's health is anything but good. He is a man who, in the past, has never shrunk from danger when he could and protect others. His experience with the Indians in the early settlement of this place is a proof of this; and to his labors in this regard is, perhaps, partially due his present ill health. As I said before, however, his health is very poor, and if imprisoned for any length of time it would have a bad if not a fatal effect upon him. I have here a statement, signed by a number of non"Mormons" which I wish to read. Judge Sandford-You may do so and hand it to the clerk. Judge Sandford-Mr. Peters, what has the government to say? Mr. Peters-I am not acquainted with the gentleman. The gentlemen whose names appear on the statement are men of the highest standing, and their recommendation doubtless should have weight. Yet, the defendant is an intelligent man and must have known that he was disobeying the law. He cannot plead ignorance, as he might other wise. Judge Sandford-There is no dispute, then, as to the facts. Mr. Peters-No. I believe the defendant was appointed to an honorable position by President Lincoln. Judge Sandford-What was that? Mr. Richards-Collector of internal revenue. He held that position until the office was abolished. Judge Sandford-I have no doubt that the ends of justice would be served without inflicting a severe punishment. What have you to say, Mr. Peters, as to punishment? Mr. Peters-I do not see that it is a case in any way different from others. Judge Sandford-Have you anything to say, Mr. Burton? Mr. Burton-No, sir. Judge Sandford-Well, in view of the testimony before me of the gentlemen mentioned, your age and health, I think justice will be satisfied without any imprisonment. You will be sentenced to pay a fine of $150 and costs. I hope we will not see you here again. If you do appear the sentence will be heavier. Mr. Richards-It is quite possible, your honor, that you may see Mr. Burton in court again. His business frequently calls him into court, but when he comes again it will be in a different capacity. Mr. Richards-The paper is as follows: "We, the undersigned, residents of Salt Lake City, respectfully represent that we are personally acquainted with Robert T. Burton of said city, and that we have known him for many years. We take pleasure in stating that Mr. Burton is a man of high character and excellent standing as a law-abiding citizen in the community in which he lives, with the exception of the present charge of unlawful cohabitation; that he has occupied many public positions of honor and trust, and has disI am far from being a pescharged the duties pertaining there- simist. In fact, my natural disposito with honesty, fidelity and ability; that he is sixty-eight years of age, and of late years his health has OUR CHICAGO LETTER. tion is towards the sunny side of The 'steel mills are idle, and this means misery of the grimest kind. Operatives in iron and steel generally eat and drink their wages before earned; then what must it be when there is no earning of any kind. On the whole the business outlook, not alone for Chicago, but for the whole country, is very, very dark indeed. Railroad earnings are fallcontracted to an alarming extent, ing behind, the currency is being and gold is leaving the country. "As reported by the comptroller of the currency the amount of national of February was $229,089,957. This is a bank currency outstanding on the 1st decrease of $36,542,891 for the twelvemonth preceding and of $4,385,928 for the month preceding. Add to this the increase of the surplus for the year. and it makes a contraction of the currency that is being seriously felt in its depressing effect on business. On the 1st of December. 1887, the amount in the treasury available for the reducthe 1st of February, 1889, the amount tion of the debt was $280,374,906.56; on so available had increased to $398,525,144, showing an accumulation of $118,151,237.44 in thirteen months. Thus more than $155,000,000 has been withdrawn from circulation by the banks and the government in a little more than a year." The business of railroads tells its own story. In 1887 the net earnings of the 95 roads in the country was $217,026,607, and in 1888, $202,544,611, leaving a decrease of more than $1,000,000 a month. This decrease means depressed industries all over the country. The roads are now curtailing and retrenching in every available manher. Men are laid off, and those retained are pressed to work harder. There is talk of a general reduction of 10 per cent in wages, but fears are expressed that labor won't stand it. With railroads it is one of two things, either a reduction in thewages of employes, or organization into a gigantic trust. This latter seems |