Arnica, very useful for external bruises and cuts, also for internal injuries; unites surfaces very rapidly after amputations; the infusion or decoction best (P); very effectual (Wa). Aconite, valuable in surgical fever (P). Carbolic Acid solutions check suppuration, and correct fetor (B). Bismuth Subiodide, dusted into a wound, one of the most efficient antiseptics, non-irritant, and a prompt stimulant of granulations; an excellent dressing for wounds after approximation of the edges, the powder to be dusted thickly over the edges, and thoroughly smeared with Flexible Collodion. Dermatol (Bismuth Subgallate), is an excellent non-irritant vulnerary, having great stability, and valuable drying and bactericidal qualities. Europhen, is an ideal application to sores and wounds, also for the many protective requirements of minor surgery; is used as a dusting powder, or as a 5 to 10 per cent. ointment, with Lanolin as a base. Aristol, is very efficient, or a mixture of Aristol and Europhen, equal parts of each. Ammonium Carbonate, gr. v hypodermically in the vicinity of wounds caused by poisoned arrows, repeatedly used with success in saving life, by Dr. Parke, the surgeon to Stanley's last expedition in Africa. Sulphurous Acid, in solution, diluted or not, constantly applied (R); in solution or by fumigation, is regarded by some as superior in efficacy to Carbolic Acid, and less irritant (Wa). Salicylic Acid, Thiersch prefers it to Carbolic; may be applied pure in powder to gangrenous and sloughing wounds (B). Mercury, the Bichloride, gr. vijss to quart j of hot water, stirred with a stick, makes a solution of 1 to 2000; the best of all antiseptics, for washing a wound or cavity, and for saturating the dressings. [See List of Antiseptics on page 52]. Boracic Acid, also applicable as Carbolic Acid (B). Balsam of Peru, excellent for closing recent wounds (P). Benzoin, the basis of healing "Balsams" (P). Aloes, topically as a slight stimulant; often purges (R). Gum Tragacanth, a thick aqueous solution to granulating surfaces, to protect them from the air (Wa). Opium, to quiet intestinal movements in wounds of the abdomen (R); forwards the reparative processes (P). Tannin, or Glycerite of Tannin, to coat over wounds (R). Collodion or Liquor Gutta-perchæ, to secure primary union of incised wounds (B); as protective covering (P). Iodoform, powdered and dusted over sloughing wounds, irritable and ill-conditioned ulcers and sores (B); Iodoform 1, Collodion 9 parts, painted on a superficial wound while edges are held together (Gross); may be painted over edges when stitched together; gives excellent results. Aristol, an excellent substitute for Iodoform, and odorless. Galvanic Couplet, to wounds of indolent form (B). [See BEDSORES.] Nitric Acid, as escharotic for gangrene (B). Turpentine, one of the most efficient applications in hospital gangrene (B). Aloes, pulverized fine, as a dressing for wounds, favoring cicatrization and closing them,

also relieving the pain at once; requires removal only at long intervals (Millet). Poultices, are often abused; of Yeast or Charcoal best for foul wounds (B). Alcohol, an excellent antiseptic dressing when suppuration; also favors cicatrization of open wounds (B). Water, in universal use as dressing; cold water often abused, hot-water dressing as advocated by Hamilton, promises better results (B). Turkish Baths, for pain in the seat of old wounds (R). Ice and Salt, applied to wounds prevents inflammation (R). [Compare HEMORRHAGE, INFLAMMATION, PYÆMIA, SURGICAL FEVER, GANGRENE, ULCERS.]

Treatment must all be done at the beginning, no time to be lost,-Cold sponging early and frequently repeated, Calomel, Quinine and Salines at the start, Potassium Acetate for the kidneys, Morphine for gastric irritation, the feet to be in mustard water (Da C). Diaphoretics and Diuretics, also Laxatives, are very important throughout the disease (Da C). Pilocarpine, in dose of gr. hypodermically, in first stage, carried to the induction of emesis and catharsis, as well as that of diaphoresis, the most efficient treatment known, absolutely jugulating the paroxysm (Habersmith). Mercury, a Calomel purgative, gr. ss, 2 or 3 times on the first day, followed by a warm-water enema, is good treatment (B); has many advocates, and many opponents (Wa); should generally be abstained from (S). Duboisine, gr., subcutaneously, the most efficient hypnotic and calmative (B). Turpentine, when cardiac weakness, depression of vaso-motor system, dissolved state of the blood; mx-3ss; small doses, with Tinctura Ferri Chloridi, in hemorrhagic form (B). Quinine, has some strong evidence in its favor as an abortive agent, one large dose (gr. xxx-x1) with Opium, at outset (Wa); is not a specific; may hasten recovery in mild cases (S); gr. xx per rectum, to reduce temperature (B). Liquor Calcis, with milk, has been found efficient for the vomiting (Wa). Capsicum, to obviate the black vomit, is highly spoken of (Wa). Cocaine, for the vomiting, nothing equals it in efficiency, it also acting as a diuretic, 10-minim doses of a 4 per cent. solution, by mouth, every hour for 2 or 3 doses, acts like a charm (Jennings). Chloroform, for the vomiting, a few drops to prepare the stomach for reception and retention of food; its effects transitory, has to be repeated before each meal (Wa); the Ammoniated Chloroform in zymotic pyrexia, its action is sedative, analgesic and antipyretic (Richardson). Carbolic Acid, by stomach and hypodermically, remarkably efficacious, even after the ominous "coffee-grounds" vomit (Lecaille). Chlorodyne, is excellent for restlessness, insomnia, irritability of stomach (Á). Veratrum Viride, gtt. j-x hourly, according to age, till pulse and temperature subdued; successfully used in connection with Mercury, etc. (White and Ford). Stimulants, only in typhus form (B); in 3d stage must be bold, prompt and continued (Da C). Diet, of the blandest description (A); Milk and Lime-water, half and half, in small quantities, is the best aliment; in convalescence, the utmost care is necessary in giving aliments (B). Rest is very important (Da C). Iced Champagne, in tablespoonful doses every 4 hour, for the vomiting (B). Purgation, throughout the disease (Da C). [Compare REMITTENT FEVER.]

APPENDIX.

LIST OF CONTRACTIONS AND LATIN PHRASES USED IN WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS, WITH THE CORRESPONDING ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.

Coch. mag.

Cochleare magnum

modicum

A tablespoonful (3 ss).

Cochlear, vel Cochleare,

vel Cochleatim

Cochleare amplum

A dessertspoonful (ij).

Coch. med. vel mod. Cochleare medium, vel A dessertspoonful (3 ij).

D. P., vel Dir. prop. Directione propriâ