HOW IT WAS FOUGHT : FROM THE AMERICAN “REVIEW OF REVIEWS." HE Review of Reviews of New York converted its November number into what may be regarded as an almost supplemented by contributions from leadi representatives of both parties, give the reader the best account of the great electoral battle that has yet been published. It is refreshing, in the midst of the heated wranglings of angry disputants, to find one editor who can write as cheerily and as sensibly as Dr. Shaw discourses on the great struggle. I.-A GENERAL SURVEY OF THE ELECTION. large a proportion of the citizenship of the country been bringing its best conscience and best intelligence to a study In his survey of the Progress of the World Dr, Albert of the affairs of the nation. A great political contest is not a Shaw administers a genial rebuke to the pessimists of drawing-room affair; and many impolite things are sure to be MEXICO ALEXA nale THE SILVER DOG WITH THE GOLDEN TAIL -AND THE TAIL WAGGED THE DOG AFTER ALL. (A campaign poster much used in the West. The numerals indicate the electoral vote of each state.) both sides who have shouted themselves hoarse declaring that their opponents are thieves, whose success would mean the ruin of the country: A CHEERY ESTIMATE. In justice to the most representative portion of the country, it should be said that the one set of pessimists will chiefly be found east of the Alleghany mountains, and the other set, almost to a man, west of the Missouri river. In the central section, extending from Pennsylvania to Nebraska, the political battle has been raging most lustily; but men are not pessimists in that region. In those splendid commonwealths of normal and wholesome development, of high average prosperity, and of comparative freedom from extreme contrasts of social condition, the people are not given to supposing, even under the excitement of a présidential compaign, that their country is going to the dogs or that half their fellow-citizens are rascals. If ever there was a period when political conditions in the United States did not justify pessimism on moral grounds, that time is this present year 1896. Never before has so said. But the observer who is capable of a large view of the contest must have been struck with the fact that the fight this year has been a remarkably fair one. AN ASTONISHING SPECTACLE. The National Campaign Committee has understood the situation with a very clear intelligence. That committee very wisely decided to make Chicago its headquarters, and also decided at the very outset that its campaign must be one of education rather than agitation, and of friendly persuasion rather than of accusation or calumny. The Republican campaign fund has been a large one this year, but it has been honourably as well as effectively expended. The vast bulk of it has been used for the printing and distribution of pamphlets and leaflets relating to the issues of the campaign,--principally to the money question. This reading matter for the most part has been ably prepared and edited, and its distribution has been accomplished upon a scale unheard of heretofore in any. political campaign in the history of the world, and by methods the tactfulness and ingenuity of which have never been equalled before. The spectacle ever since July, namely, in a group of States of which of millions upon millions of citizens of a great nation Illinois is at the centre. The Republicans now expect to debating the intricacies of the currency question cer- carry that whole group by triumphant majorities. tainly has its curious aspects. Nothing like it was ever THE ARGUMENT THAT TELLS. seen in any other great country before. Whatever questions may at one time or another disturb the minds of the mass of If free coinage should prevail, and silver should refusa to men who hold the franchise in England, France, Germany, or jump up a hundred per cent. in the open bullion markets of other European countries, the plain people have never for a the world, we should simply have cut the value of our dollar moment believed it possible that they were competent to settle in two. The free-silver men declare that such & result is currency and banking questions on the plan of the popular quite out of the question. But an overwhelming majority of referendum. These are matters involving scientific and those people who in our judgment are most competent to expert knowledge. The intense discussion of 1896 in this form an opinion as to what would happen, believe that · country will not have resulted in making accomplished mone free coinage would actually result in taking nearly or guite tary scientists out of a majority of the population; never half of the purchasing power out of the dollar, so that bank theless, the serious and honest effort of the voters to find out deposits—including savings-bank accounts, fixed obligations epongh about these questions to act with reasonable intelli of all kinds, such as mortgage debts, life insurance policies gence and prudence, can only produce valuable results in the and pensions, and all other sorts of agreements to pay sums end. It is a part of our education as a democracy. of money, would shrink to nearly or quite half of their present VIRG ROM SundENNESSEE Planet Bonus NORTH CAROLIN MR. BRYAN'S CAMPAIGN TOUR. (The dotted line shows Mr. Bryan's route.) UNCERTAINTY AS TO THE RESULT. value. Perhaps those who believe that free coinage Fould It is reported that a shrewd political observer came across have such a result are quite mistaken; but do the people of the continent from San Francisco to New York some days ago, the United States really intend deliberately to try such an making careful inquiries in every State through which he experiment for the sake of seeing what will happen? We passed. He is said to have reported at one of the political must believe,-unless the actual result of the balloting on headquarters that he was convinced the election would go November 3rd reluctantly convinces us to the contrary.--that pretty much one way ;—which way, however, he had no idea ! the people of the United States are too conservative to do any. The signs as we go to press seem to us to point much more thing of that kind. strongly than a month ago toward the carrying of the great THE STUMP ORATOR OF THE CENTURY. central West for McKinley and sound money. If the people However strongly one may be convinced of the inherent of the region extending from Ohio to Nebraska and from feebleness of Mr. Bryan's cause, it would be a great pity to Wisconsin to Missouri have been won over to the opinion that do injustice to the marvellously plucky and brilliant campaign the maintenance of the present monetary standard is the right he has made. We are nothing if not record-breaking and honourable and safe policy for the country, it is likely country; and whereas the Republican National Committee that they will express that conclusion very strongly and has broken all conceivable records for a campaign resting on emphatically. The fighting ground between the two parties the basis of educational literature, so Mr. William Jennings remained, at the end of the campaign, just where it had been Bryan has immeasurably surpassed everything in the history of oratorical political canvasses by his stumping tour of the United States. He has shown himself a man of magnificent endowments of physical strength and indomitable pluck. We publish a map on the preceding page showing the route followed by Mr. Bryan in his speech-making, from the opening of his campaign to the conclusion of it. In the course of fourteen weeks Mr. Bryan has made four hundred speeches in twenty-nine States, and has travelled 13,046 miles. The average number of speeches has been about five per day. The New York World's estimate of the probable number of words is in excess of 600,000. All of these speeches have been reported and published in the newspapers. Some of them have been very long and elaborate, others have consisted of only a few sentences made from the rear platform of a train to a crowd gathered at some local station. In passing through some States, West Virginia for example, it is estimated that Mr. Bryan actually drew within the sound of IT IS THE BIG HUMBUGS AND NOT THE GOLDBUGS THAT ARE BOTHERING OUR FARMERS. visiting Canton in great deputations—these bodies representing a locality or else belonging to some one craft or calling or interest-has held its own to the very end of the campaign period. The arrival of from ten thousand to twenty-five thousand strangers a day has been no uncommon experience for the town of Canton during the past twelve weeks. These classified audiences have given Mr. McKinley a great opportunity. Mr. Bryan's speaking has of necessity been done to general audiences, except upon a few occasions. Mr. McKinley, on the other hand, thanks to the marvellous methods of the modern newspaper, has, in spuaking to a deputation of iron workers, for example, been able to address men of that class everywhere; while in speaking to a group of wool-growers le has had a chance to address the nation on the question of the wool tariff and the woollen industry. His speeches have been prepared in advance, and have been punctuated with statistics and precise statements of fact which a " whirlwind campaign 100.000 AORUM Co VERMONT ESINE From Judge.] his voice half of the electors. In the aggregate he has addressed several million voters. So great a test of endurance as Mr. Bryan has undergone would be extremely hard to match in any field of human endeavour. It must be remembered that he has had to discuss before vast audiencesin such a way as to hold their attention and win their applause—a class of subjects which lend themselves with the greatest difficulty to popular oratory. If Mr. Bryan had been making this marvellous speaking tour in favour of American intervention to help the Cuban patriots or save the doomed Armenians, or even if he had been making a campaign for free trade on broad principles, his subjects woull have been far better adapted to his oratorical abilities. The speeches of Mr. Bryan as the campaign has progressed have seemed to grow more bitter, and to appeal more openly to class prejudice. A CAMPAIGN FROM THE DOORSTEP. Mr. McKinley, meanwhile, has been carrying on an oratorical campaign from his front doorstep which in its own kind has, as far as we are aware, never been paralleled. The fashion of from a train platform would not allow. Mr. McKinley has always been fortunate in avoiding personal ill will. Il.-HOW THE BATTLE IIAS BEEN FOUGHT. Mr. W. B. Shaw describes in the same number of the Review how the campaign has been conducted : A CAMPAIGN OF EDUCATION. The best bit of strategy on the Republican side in the whole campaign was the assumption that the voters in the great states of the middle West needed first of all clear and definite information on the questions at issue, and that this informa-' tion must come to them in some way or another before any effort could be made to secure their votes for the gold standard in November. Accordingly, all the leaflets and pamphlets which were sent out from the Chicago headquarters were brief and clear expositions of the currency question phrased in direct and simple language, and remarkably free from the. ordinary “bluff and bluster” of the traditional campaign FARMERS RAIL DEMAND DECREASE were samo DEMAND DECREAS AND CHEAPGOROSIF MEN ARE OF MEN EARN TURNOF THE AT ANY SEIMOM, HOGY MEM SOMOS 434] D3SAOางพร Hyu Ang มาพROHS document, as well as from every form of appeal to prejudice special classes of country weekly and daily papers were and passion. The arguments in these documents were supplied with statements aggregating about 3,000,000 copies addressed to the sober thought of sensible men, and were put every week, and lastly, a special class of country newspapers in a form which received "ready sensible men would prints” – the enbe likely to read and consider. tire weekly circuWe are all ready 4 BUSINESS FAILURES IN lation being about TWO HUNDRED 1892 -Pradstrela) 4,000,000 copies MILLIONS OF CAM ONE HUNDREDS FOURTEEN MILLIONS Hundreds of other PAIGN DOCUMENTS. of 1892. when this newspapers de Since the begin pended in a large ning of the cam IN 1892: measure for their Prosperity." ONE THOUSAND. TWO HUNDRED & paign the Repub political matter RMT NINETY EIGHT -6: Corro) wrights lican National Com during the can LOCKOUTS-(same aulhority) mittee has issued paign upon the the astounding 716! Publication and total of over two INCLUDING Printing Bureau, hundred millions of HOMESTEAD and were circucopies of documents. lated under the There also direction of this issued, under the bureau. It is a direction of the safe estimate that committee, every week about fifty million 5,000,000 families copies of documents received news from the head papers of various quarters of kinds the containing Republican Con political matter furgressional C a m nished by this bupaign Committee at reau, - probably Washington. This three times the ag. year's literary out MEN. WOMEN SHILDREW.NOT TO gregate in volume un put far exceeds and influence of T COUR DE ALINCA W TENNIS any record pre MCKINLEY'S FIRST SPEECH OF THE CAMPAIGN AND THE SILVER KNIGHTS ANSWER. any newspaper viously made by work ever before the Republican Na conducted by a na. tional Committee. From Sound Money, the Organ of Coxey's Commonweal (Massillon, Ohio).] [Drawn by Carl Browne. tional polisical zomThere have been prepared more than two hundred and THE USE OF POSTERS. mittee. seventy-five pamphlets and leaflets, besides scores of posters, The Republican Committee also made large use of political sheets of cartoons, inscriptions and other matter touching on posters, probably five hundred being circulated under the the various phases of the campaign issues. This number, it direction of the Publication and Printing Bureau. The most is said, exceeds by more than half the number of documents popular poster sent out from Chicago was the five-coloured, heretofore prepared and issued under the direction of that single-sheet lithograph, so widely circulated at the St. Louis committee since the foundation of the party. The distribu convention, bearing a portrait of Mr. McKinley with the intion of these documents was generally made through the state scription underneath,“ The Advance Agent of Prosperity." central committees. About twenty thousani espress packages The number of copies of this poster circulated is said to have of documents were shipped, been almost beyond computanearly five thousand freight tion or comprehension. Another packages, and probably half a poster which had an immense million packages by mail. run was in plain black and bore These documents were printed . the title, « The Real Issue." in German, French, Spanish, It represented McKinley addresItalian, Swedish, Norwegian, sing a multitude of labourers in Finnish, Dutch and Hebrew, as front of factories, declaring that well as in English. it was better to open the mills TUNING THE PRESS. of the United States than the The duties of the editorial mints, while Mr. Bryan, on the other side in front of the United department of the Republican States mint, was welcoming the Literary Bureau at Chicago did not end with the preparation of people of all races with their silver bullion for free coinage. the many documents to which allusion has been made, but some The great volumes of factory notion of the extent of those smoke and the throng of eager workmen duties may be had when the fact on McKinley's side is stated that a preferred list of ION NYO AND LON NV2 were in strong contrast with the country newspapers, with an group of foreigners dumping their silver in front of the aggregate weekly circulation of 1,650,000, received three and a Bryan mints. Another popular half columns of specially pre poster in the same style was that pared matter every week; another entitled “ Poverty or Prosperity." list of country newspapers, In the centre, on the Republican with an aggregate weekly platform, stand McKinley and circulation of about 1,000,000, “TUE WHEEL OF INDUSTRY.” Hobart. Mr. McKinley has received plate matter; three Emblem extensively circulated by the American Protective Tariff League. in his hand an unfurled sheet JON NVO (13 TULLIVANNA |