(5) Bedding, wearing apparel, carpets, hangings, and draperies infected by yellow fever shall be disinfected by one of the following methods:

(a) By exposure to steam at a temperature of 100° to 102° C. for thirty minutes after such temperature is reached.

(b) By boiling for fifteen minutes; all articles to be completely submerged.

(c) By thorough saturation in a solution of bichlorid of mercury 1: 1000, the articles being allowed to dry before washing.

Articles injured by steam (rubber, leather, containers, etc.), to the disinfection of which steam is inapplicable, shall be disinfected by thoroughly wetting all surfaces with (a) a solution of bichlorid of mercury 1: 800, or (b) a 5 per cent. solution of carbolic acid, the articles being allowed to dry in the open air prior to being washed with water, or (c) by exposure to sulphur fumigation in an apartment air-tight, or as nearly so as possible.

FOR SMALL-POX.

(6) Apartments infected by small-pox shall be disinfected by one or both of the following methods:

(a) Exposure to sulphur dioxid for twenty-four to forty-eight hours.

(b) Washing with a solution of bichlorid of mercury, 1: 1000, or a 5 per cent. solution of pure carbolic acid.

(7) Clothing, bedding, and articles of furniture exposed to the infection of small-pox shall be disinfected by one or more of the following methods:

(a) Exposure to sulphur dioxid for twenty-four to forty-eight hours.

(b) Immersion in a solution of bichlorid of mercury, 1:1000, or 5 per cent. solution of pure carbolic acid.

(c) Exposure to steam at a temperature of 100° to 102° C. for thirty minutes after such temperature is reached.

(d) Boiling for fifteen minutes; the articles to be completely submerged.

FOR TYPHUS FEVER.

(8) Apartments infected by typhus fever shall be disinfected by one or both of the following methods:

(a) Exposure to sulphur dioxid for twenty-four to forty-eight hours.

(b) Washing with a solution of bichlorid of mercury, 1:1000, or a 5 per cent. solution of pure carbolic acid.

(9) Clothing, bedding, and articles of furniture exposed to the infection of typhus fever shall be disinfected by one or more of the following methods:

(a) Exposure to sulphurdioxid for twenty-four to forty-eight hours. (b) Immersion in a solution of bichlorid of mercury, 1:1000, or a 5 per cent. solution of pure carbolic acid.

(c) Exposure to steam at a temperature of 100° to 102° C. for thirty minutes after such temperature is reached.

(d) Boiling for fifteen minutes; the articles to be completely submerged.

INTERSTATE QUARANTINE REGULATIONS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF PLAGUE IN THE UNITED STATES.

In accordance with the provisions of the act of March 27, 1890, the following regulations, additional to existing interstate quarantine regulations, are hereby promulgated to prevent the introduction of plague into any one State or territory or the District of Columbia, from another State or territory or the District of Columbia:

1. During the existence of plague at any point in the United States the Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service is authorized to forbid the sale or donation of transportation by common carrier to Asiatics or other races particularly liable to the disease.

2. No common carrier shall accept for transportation any person suffering with plague or any article infected therewith, nor shall common carriers accept for transportation any class of persons who may be designated by the Surgeon-General of the MarineHospital Service as being likely to convey the risk of plague contagion to other communities, and said common carriers shall be subject to inspection.

3. The body of any person who has died of plague shall not be transported except in an hermetically sealed coffin and by consent of the local-health office, in addition to the local representatives of the Marine-Hospital Service. Wherever possible, such bodies should be cremated.

STATE QUARANTINE REGULATIONS.

Many of the seaboard States of the Union have quarantine boards and stations in addition to those of the national government. In 1893 the legislature of Pennsylvania passed a law establishing the State Quarantine Board for the Port of Philadelphia.

As early as 1708, "An act to prevent sickly vessels coming into this government" was passed by the colonial assembly, prohibiting every unhealthy or sickly ship from an unhealthy or sickly place from coming nearer than one mile to any of the towns or ports of the province or territories without clean bills of health. This

act remained in force until January 22, 1744. About the year 1742 a quarantine station was located at Fisher's Island, subsequently called Province, and State Island. In 1749 the trustees of Province Island were directed to build an hospital or pest-house for the reception of strangers imported into the province. During the period of the revolutionary war commerce had so dwindled that there was very little necessity for a quarantine station. The hospital, however, was used for the care of sick persons sent from army boats.

The invasion of yellow fever was instrumental in causing an order to be given for the repairment of the hospital upon State Island for the admission of patients and the appointment of a resident physician. A resident physician was appointed at the hospital, and vessels coming up the river were ordered to anchor for a visit.

In 1799 the quarantine station was located at Tinicum Island, and the removal took place in 1801, at which place it was maintained until 1895, when it was removed to Marcus Hook, its present location. The service at State station, because of the two national quarantine stations (Cape Henlopen and Reedy Island), is, for the present, one of observation or inspection only, there being no provision for detention or disinfection. If sickness of a communicable nature is discovered on a vessel, or if circumstances lead to the suspicion that the vessel herself is infected, she is simply remanded to the Federal quarantine station.

The right to quarantine resides with the individual States, though the Federal government has the right to control in such matters through its right to regulate interstate commerce. It should have control of the matter of inland quarantine to the extent of directing and superintending the measures adopted, in order to prevent the confusion arising from conflicting regulations of the authorities of adjacent localities. In order to secure more uniformity in the measures adopted, Congress has been petitioned time and again to pass a

law providing for the organization of a National Board of Health.

The regulations of the various State boards of health are directed toward the prevention of the introduction of infected individuals and materials from other States or countries and toward the control of infection within the borders of the State.

Notwithstanding the fact that the national government has taken over a number of the State quarantine stations along the seaboard, several of the States still maintain inspection and quarantine stations at ports of entry, namely: Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas.

The institution of quarantine by one State against a neighboring State is specifically provided for in the laws of California, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

In recent years these interstate quarantine laws have rarely been required to control any infectious disease, because, in most States, the local quarantine regulations have been sufficient to keep infectious diseases under control.

House Quarantine.-The diseases against which house quarantine is directed differ in different State laws, some requiring modified quarantine in some diseases and in others simply a reporting of the diseases and placarding of the houses. Strict quarantine is maintained by all the States against small-pox, scarlet fever, and diphtheria Many of the States include in this list Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever, and bubonic plague.

With regard to many of the other communicable dis eases, practices differ very much. The following diseases are reportable in most of the States: Measles, typhoid

fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, tuberculosis, and leprosy. In the following diseases placarding is usually required, or a modified quarantine is instituted, namely: Whooping-cough, mumps, chicken-pox, and German measles. In addition, the following diseases are reportable in some of the States: Epidemic dysentery, dengue, anthrax, glanders, pneumonia, tetanus and relapsing fever, and puerperal fever. In the regulations of many of the States membranous croup is classified under diphtheria, and the regulations that pertain to diphtheria are applied to cases of so-called membranous croup. Likewise, in Pennsylvania and California, Cuban or Manila itch are reportable. In addition to this, actinomycosis is reportable in Pennsylvania, hydrophobia in Louisiana, ophthalmia neonatorum in Nebraska and New York, uncinariasis in California, and erysipelas in Pennsylvania. All of the States require the reporting of anterior poliomyelitis.

House quarantine differs considerably in different States and cities. The statutes of New York define as quarantinable "yellow fever, measles, cholera, typhus fever, small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, relapsing fever, and any disease of a contagious, infectious, or pestilential character, which shall be considered by the health officer dangerous to the public health."

In New York City every case of contagious disease reported to the health department is regularly inspected by the medical inspector assigned to the district in which it occurs. When consent can be obtained, the cases are removed to the department hospitals. In the tenementhouse districts an effort is always made to induce patients suffering from such diseases to enter the hospitals, and, if the conditions are such as to require it, removal to the hospitals is enforced. After completion of the illness or transfer of the patient, thorough disinfection is made. of the house or apartment, and all infected materials are removed to the disinfecting station for destruction or disinfection by steam, when they are returned to the