VOLUME 107 F. Copyright, 1914, by the Outlook Company PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY, 287 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. ABBOTT, PRESIDENT. N. T. PULSIFER, VICE-PRESIDENT. FRANK C. HOYT. TREASURER. ERNEST H. ABBOTT, SECRETARY. ARTHUR M. MORSE, ASSISTANT TREASURER. TRAVERS D. CARMAN, ADVERTISING MANAGER. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS-FIFTY-TWO ISSUES- THRIE DOLLARS IN ADVANCE. ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE NEW YORK POST-OFFICE BY SUBSCRIPTION, $3.00 a year. Single copies 10 cents. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS. For countries in the Postal Union, single subscriptions $4.56. CLOSE-TO-NATURE OPEN AIR TENT HOUSE esigned for Sleeping and Living in the Open Air. A Fresh Make Fuel of Garbag Garbage can be used for fuel. One ton of when dried, contains, on an average, as much heat as 400 pour of good coal. Therefore owners of buildings who have gai age to dispose of actually cannot afford to have it hauled awa A Kewanee Water Heating Garbage Burn will burn garbage and rubbish, without odor. 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KEWANEE BOILER COMPANY Kewanee, Illinois Steel Power and Heating Boilers, Radiators, Tanks and Garbage Burners Branches: Chicago, New York, St. KEWANEE 79 53 S QUALITY CONTROL MARK THE WAR IN MEXICO: THE OCCUPATION OF VERA CRUZ With the first shot fired by a Mexican soldier from a housetop in Vera Cruz on April 21, all talk and hope of a pacific blockade came to an end. President Wilson and General Huerta having each declared that the American people and the Mexican people did not purpose war against one another, the forces under the control of the two men began hostilities. The order to our naval forces to occupy Vera Cruz was sent from Washington on April 20; its immediate occasion was the desire to intercept an enormous amount of arms and ammunition on their way to General Huerta. These munitions were on a German ship, the Ypiranga, which was expected to arrive, and actually did arrive, at the port of Vera Cruz on April 21. With our forces in control of the port and custom-house, it would be possible and in accord with international practice to prevent their delivery to Huerta, although neither ship nor arms could be seized while under the German flag. In accordance with the orders from Washington, Admiral Fletcher, at Vera Cruz, just before noon on Tuesday of last week, landed marines and sailors from the battle-ships Utah and Florida and the transport Prairie and seized the custom-house without immediate opposition. But as the Americans took up positions and trained guns on the Plaza de la Constitucion, the central square of the town, fire was opened by the Mexicans from housetops and soon volleys were fired by the Mexican regular troops and were returned by our men, while the Prairie and the Florida shelled the Mexican position. Admiral Fletcher's first report of the engagement stated that four of our men were killed (later six were reported by name as dead) and twenty wounded, while the Mexican casualties have been loosely estimated at from one to two hundred. The Mexicans retreated and our forces occupied the important positions in the town, including the railway terminals with a large number of cars and engines, believed to be on the point of removal. Railway communication with Mexico City, of course, at once ceased; it seemed probable that our forces would be pushed forward a few milesto seize an important bridge over a ravine, and undoubtedly the Mexicans have torn up rails and bridges beyond that point. By noon of April 22 the entire town of Vera Cruz was under American control. No noncombatants were injured in the fighting. Admiral Fletcher issued a proclamation assuming military control and assuring the people that law and order would be preserved. Thus began actual war between the armed forces of the United States and that large part of Mexico which is under the rule of Huerta. THE WAR IN MEXICO: It is very far from being true, as has been asserted, that with the first bloodshed the debate in Congress over President Wilson's request for a resolution upholding his action became academic. On the contrary, that debate involved fundamental questions and principles, and upon those far-reaching questions we comment editorially elsewhere in this issue. The President's address, delivered in person, as is his custom, related in detail the incident at Tampico described in The Outlook last week-and as to the facts we need here only add that Mr. Wilson maintains and General Huerta denies that the American flag was flying on our boat, while Mr. Wilson maintains that General Huerta refused to render a salute and Huerta declares that he offered a salute but asked for a written agreement as to the ceremonial and the order of firing the salutes. President Wilson's request from Congress was couched in these words: I come to ask your approval that I should use the armed forces of the United States in such ways and to such an extent as may be neces |