service of China, after receiving the con- McGill, THOMAS D'ARCY, legislator;

Macgillivray,

ALEXANDER, Indian

sent of the United States government. born in Carlingford, Ireland, April 13, During the war he captured the only gun- 1825; came to the United States in 1842; boat that was lost to the French, in the appointed on the staff of the Pilot in Bosbattle of Yangtse. When peace was con- ton, but soon returned to Ireland, where cluded he went to England to superintend he made himself conspicuous by his adthe construction of several gunboats for vocacy of the policy proposed by the China, one of which, the Chen-Yuen, be- "Young Ireland party. Suspected by came the flag-ship of the Chinese fleet the British government of treason, he esin the war between China and Japan in caped to the United States, settling in 1894-95. At the battle of Yalu River, New York, where he founded The American which was the first great combat between Celt and The Nation. He removed to Canamodern war vessels, Captain McGiffin da in 1856, founded The New Era, and early became the commander of the entire was elected to the Canadian Parliament Chinese fleet by the death of his superior in 1857. His political views had changed, officer. In his eagerness to work his ves- and he parted company with his old assosel to a point of vantage he exposed him- ciates. He was active in promoting the self to personal danger and was badly union of the British colonies in North wounded. He was shot once in the America, and was elected a member of the back of the head and once in first Parliament of the Dominion. On the thigh. His body was literally filled April 7, 1868, he was assassinated on the with splinters. Both ear drums were public street. broken; all the hair was burned from his body, and his clothes were blown off. His chief; born in the Creek Nation in 1740; eyesight was affected so that he was never was the son of a Scottish trader of that able to see afterwards except in a shadowy name, who married a Creek maiden, outline; his body was black and blue daughter of the principal chief. When he from bruises. It is estimated that Mcwas ten years of age his father sent him Giffin's ship was hit 400 times-120 times to Charleston, under the care of his kinsby large shot or shell. The rain of pro- man, Farquhar Gillivray, by whom he was jectiles visited every exposed point of the placed under the tuition of an eminent vessel. Early in the fight a shell exploded English school-master. He was also taught in the fighting-top, instantly killing every the Latin language in the Free School of one of its inmates. Indeed, all such con- Charleston. At the age of seventeen he trivances proved to be death-traps. Five was sent to Savannah and placed in the shells burst in shields of the bow 6-inch counting-house of General Elbert, where gun, completely gutting the place. Though he devoted much of his time to reading the carnage was frightful, the Chinese sailors, with their commander to encourage them, stuck to their posts. With forty wounds in his body, holding an eyelid up with one hand, this man of iron nerve led the fighting on his ship until the Japanese vessels gave up the contest, and he alone of all the Chinese commanders kept his ship in its proper position throughout the fight, thus protecting the flag-ship and saving the fleet from total destruction. It is the custom of Chinese officers when they lose a fight to commit suicide. McGiffin would not follow the custom, and fell into disfavor. He returned to the United States, became insane from his wounds, and killed himself in a hospital in New York City, Feb. 11, 1897.

history instead of attending to his em ployer's business. His father sent for him to return home; and, finally, the Creeks chose him for their principal sachem, or king. The King of Spain gave him the commission of a brigadier-general in his service. He married a Creek girl, and they had several children, Macgillivray desired that his children should learn and speak the English language, and always talked with them in English, while their mother, jealous of her native tongue, never would talk to them in English, but always in Indian. He espoused the British cause in the Revolutionary War; resisted many overtures for peace from the United States government; and was best known for his general treachery. He died in Pensacola, Fla., Feb. 17, 1793.

McGilvary, EVANDER BRADLEY, edu- 1797; went to Canada early in life and becator; born in Bangkok, Siam, July 19, came connected with a commercial house 1864; received his early education in on Prince Edward Island. Subsequently North Carolina; and graduated at he returned to Scotland and represented Davidson College in 1884. He was a Glasgow in Parliament. His publications fellow of Princeton Theological Seminary in 1889-90; an instructor and assistant professor in the University of California in 1894-99; and was then called to the chair of Moral Philosophy at Cornell University. Dr. McGilvary has translated into the Siamese language the gospels of Matthew, Luke, John, and the Acts of the Apostles. He is a contributor to the Philosophical Review, and to Mind.

McGlynn, EDWARD, clergyman; born in New York City, Sept. 27, 1837; was educated at the College of the Propaganda in Rome. In 1860 he was ordained priest and returned to New York City, where he became an assistant to Father Farrell in St. Joseph's Church. In 1866 he was appointed pastor of St. Stephen's Church in New York, and while in this pastorate founded St. Stephen's Home for Orphan and Destitute Children on a very meagre scale, but so rapidly did the enterprise grow that in a few years it occupied three lots on Twenty-eighth Street, two large houses, 20 acres of land at New Dorp, S. I., and an acre of land and house at Belmont, Fordham. He became a strong advocate of the single-tax theories of HENRY GEORGE (q. v.), whom he heartily supported as candidate for mayor of New York City in 1887. These views were rebuked in a letter written him by Archbishop Corrigan, and shortly afterwards he was suspended from his pastorate and summoned to Rome to appear before the tribunal of the Propaganda. He, however, refused to go, and, in consequence, was excommunicated. In 1892 he was restored to the exercise of his priestly functions. In 1894 Archbishop Corrigan appointed him pastor of St. Mary's Church at Newburg, N. Y., where he died, Jan. 7, 1900. McGovern, JOHN, author; born in Troy, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1850; was connected with the Chicago Tribune for sixteen years. He is the author of Empire of Information; Famous Women of the World; American Statesmen; Histories of Wheat, Money, Paint, and Market Places, etc.

include Commercial and Financial Legis-
lation of Europe and America; American
Discovery from the Times of Columbus ;
History of the British Empire from the Ac-
He died in
cession of James I., etc.
Boulogne, France, April 23, 1857.

Machen, WILLIS BENSON, legislator; born in Caldwell county, Ky., April 5, 1810: elected to the State Senate in 1853, and to the State Assembly in 1856 and 1860; sympathized with the South, and represented Kentucky in the Confederate Congress in 1861-64. He was appointed United States Senator from Kentucky to fill an unexpired term from December, 1872, to March, 1873. He received one vote in the electoral college of 1872 for Vice-President.

McHenry, JAMES, statesman; born in Ireland, Nov. 16, 1753; emigrated to the United States in 1771; served during the Revolutionary War as surgeon. On May 15, 1778, he was made Washington's private secretary, which office he held for two years, when he was transferred to the staff of Lafayette. He was a member of the Maryland Senate in 1781-86, and of Congress in 1783-86. Washington appointed him Secretary of War in January, 1796, and he served until 1801. He died in Baltimore, Md., May 3, 1816.

McHenry, FORT, a protective work on Fell's Point, Baltimore, about one-half its present dimensions. In anticipation of a visit from the British marauding squadrons in 1814, the people of Baltimore sunk some vessels in the narrow channel between the fort and Lazzaretto Point, which prevented the passage of an enemy's ships. Fort McHenry was garrisoned by about 1,000 men, volunteers and regulars, commanded by MAJ. GEORGE ARMISTEAD (q. v.). To the right of it, guarding the shores of the Patapsco, and to prevent troops landing in the rear, were two redoubts-Fort Covington and Babcock's Battery. In the rear of these, upon high ground, was an unfinished circular redoubt for seven guns, and on Lazzaretto MacGregor, JOHN, political economist; Point, opposite Fort McHenry, was a small born in Drynie, Ross-shire, Scotland, in battery. This and Fort Covington were

in charge of officers of Barney's flotilla. Such were Fort McHenry and its supporters on the morning of Sept. 12, when the British fleet, under Admiral Cochrane, consisting of sixteen heavy vessels, five of them bomb-ships, had made full preparations for the bombardment of the fort.

fusion in the fort caused by this event, and hoping to profit by it, ordered three of his bomb-vessels to move up nearer the fort, in order to increase the effectiveness of their guns. Armistead was delighted, and immediately ordered a general cannonade and bombardment from every part of the fort; and so severe was his punishment of the venturesome intruders that within half an hour they fell back to their old anchorage. A rocket vessel (Erebus) was so badly damaged that the British were compelled to send a division of small boats to tow her out of reach of Armistead's guns. The garrison gave three cheers, and the firing ceased.

At sunrise, Sept. 13, the bomb - vessels opened a heavy fire on the fort and its dependencies at a distance of 2 miles, and kept up a well-directed bombardment until 3 P.M. Armistead immediately opened the batteries of Fort McHenry upon the assailants; but after a while he found that his missiles fell short of his antagonist and were harmless. The garrison was composed of two companies of sea fencibles, under Captains Bunbury and Addison; two companies of volunteers from the city of Baltimore, under the command of Captains Berry and Pennington; a company of United States artillery, under Captain Evans; a company of volunteer artillerists, led by Judge Joseph H. Nicholson; a detachment of Barney's flotilla, under Lieutenant Redman, and detachments of regulars, 600 strong, furnished by General Winder, and under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart and Major Lane. The garrison British did not lose a man; and the

After the British vessels had resumed their former stations, they opened a more furious bombardment than before, and kept it up until after midnight, when it was discovered that a considerable force (1,200 picked men in barges) had been sent up the Patapsco in the gloom to attack Fort McHenry in the rear. They were repulsed, and the bombardment from the vessels ceased. At 7 A.M., on the 14th, the hostile shipping and land forces menacing the city withdrew, and Baltimore was saved. In this attack on the fort the

was exposed to a tremendous shower of Americans had only four men killed and shells for several hours, without the power to inflict injury in turn, or even to check the fury of the assault; yet they endured the trial with cool courage and great fortitude. At length a bomb-shell dismounted a 24-pounder in the fort, killing a lieutenant and wounding several of the men. Admiral Cochrane, observing the con

twenty-four wounded, chiefly by the exploding of the shell that dismounted the 24 pounder. During the bombardment FRANCIS S. KEY (q. v.) was held in custody in a vessel of the fleet, and was inspired by the event to compose The Star Spangled Banner. Armistead and his brave band received the grateful bene

dictions of the people of Baltimore and Oglethorpe in 1736 and settled at New Inof the whole country. The citizens of verness, in what is now McIntosh county, Baltimore presented Armistead with a Georgia. Some of his sons and grandcostly service of silver, the principal piece sons bore commissions in the army of the -a vase-in the form of a bomb-shell. Revolution. Lachlan received assistance Governor-General Prevost, of Canada, was in the study of mathematics from Ogleso certain of an easy victory at Baltimore thorpe. At maturity he entered the countthat he ordered rejoicings at Montreal on

account of the capture of Washington to be postponed until after the capture of Baltimore should be reported.

McIlwaine, RICHARD, clergyman; born in Petersburg, Va., May 20, 1834; graduated at Hampden - Sidney College in 1853, and afterwards studied at the Union Theological Seminary of Virginia, and at the Free Church College of Edinburgh, Scotland. Returning to the United States, he was ordained a Presbyterian minister in December, 1858. Subsequently he held pastorates at Amelia, Farmville, and Lynchburg, Va. He served in the Confederate army as lieutenant and chaplain of the 44th Virginia Regiment. In 187283 he was secretary of the boards of home and foreign missions of the Southern Presbyterian Church, and in the latter year became president of Hampden-Sidney College.

McIntosh, LACHLAN, military officer; born near Inverness, Scotland, March 17, ing-room of Henry Laurens, in Charleston, 1725. His father, at the head of 100 of as clerk. Making himself familiar with the clan McIntosh, came to Georgia with military tactics, he was ready to enter