the congressional medals of honor. After the declaration of war against Spain, in ARTHUR MACARTHUR. 1898, he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. He was one of the first general officers to be sent to the Philippines, and for his services at the capture of the city of Manila was promoted to major-general, Aug. 13. At the time of the Filipino attack on the Americans in the suburbs of Manila, Feb. 4, 1899, he was in command of the 2d division of the 8th Army Corps, which included the famous 20th Kansas Regiment, under command of COL. FREDERICK FUNSTON (q. v.), and the equally famous Utah Battery. On Jan. 2, 1900, he was promoted to brigadier-general in the regular army; on the relief of GEN. ELWELL S. OTIS (q. v.) as commander of the Military Division of the Philippines, soon afterwards General MacArthur was appointed his successor; and on the reorganization of the army, in February, 1901, he was promoted to major-general U. S. A., and confirmed as commander of the Division of the Philippines. Proclaiming Amnesty.-Under instructions from Washington, he promised amnesty to the Filipino insurgents in the following terms: "MANILA, June 21, 1900. "By direction of the President of the United States the undersigned announces amnesty, with complete immunity for the past and absolute liberty of action for the future, to all persons who are now or at any time since Feb. 4, 1899, have been in insurrection against the United States in either a military or a civil capacity, and who shall within a period of ninety days from the date hereof formally renounce all connection with such insurrection and subscribe to a declaration acknowledging and accepting the sovereignty and authority of the United States in and over the Philippine Islands. The privilege herewith published is extended to all concerned, without any reservation whatever, excepting that persons who have violated the laws of war during the period of active hostilities are not embraced within the scope of this amnesty. "All who desire to take advantage of the terms herewith set forth are requested to present themselves to the commanding officers of the American troops at the most convenient station, who will receive them with due consideration according to rank, make provision for their immediate wants, prepare the necessary records and thereafter permit each individual to proceed to any part of the archipelago according to his own wishes, for which purpose the United States will furnish such transportation as may be available either by railway, steamboat, or wagon. Prominent persons who may desire to confer with the military governor, or with the Board of American Commissioners, will be permitted to visit Manila, and will, as far as possible. be provided with transportation for that purpose. "In order to mitigate as much as possible consequences resulting from the various dis turbances which since 1896 have succeeded each other so rapidly, and to provide in some measure for destitute soldiers during the transitory period which must inevitably succeed a general peace, the military authorities of the United States will pay 30 pesos to each man who presents a rifle in good condition. ARTHUR MACARTHUR, "Major-General, United States Volunteers, Military Governor." Defining Restraints of Martial Law.On Dec. 20, 1900, he issued the following proclamation, ordering the strict enforcement of martial law against the Filipino insurgents, and further defining the intentions of the United States government: "In the armed struggle against the sovereign power of the United States now in progress in these islands frequent violations of important provisions of the laws of war have recently manifested themselves, rendering it imperative, while rejecting every consideration of belligerency of those opposing the government in the sense in which the term belligerency is generally accepted and understood, to remind all concerned of the existence of these laws, that exemplary punishments attach to the infringement thereof, and that their strict observance is required, not only by combatant forces, but as well by non-combatants, native or alien, residing within occupied places. In pur- tent returns to their homes and avocations, suance of this purpose reference is made to the certain provisions of the laws of war, as most essential for consideration under present condition. Notice is accordingly given to the insurgent leaders already committed to, or who may be contemplating a system of war, that the practice thereof will necessarily terminate the possibility of those engaging therein returning to normal civic relations in the Philippines. That is to say, persons charged with violation of the laws of war must, sooner or later, be tried for felonious crimes, with all the attending possibilities of conviction; or, as an only means of escape therefrom, must become fugitive criminals beyond the jurisdiction of the United States, which, in effect, means life-long expatriation." Here the rules of war as applying to persons residing in an occupied place who are working against the government are cited. "The principal object of this proclamation is to instruct all classes throughout the archipelago as to the requirements of the laws of war in respect of the particulars herein referred to, and to advise all concerned of the purpose to exact, in the future, precise compliance therewith. The practice of sending supplies to insurgent troops from places occupied by the United States, as is now the case, must cease. If contumacious or faint-hearted persons continue to engage in this traffic they must be prepared to answer for their actions under the penalties declared in this article. "The remarks embodied in the foregoing rules apply with special force to the city of Manila, which is well known as a rendezvous from which an extensive correspondence is distributed to all parts of the archipelago by sympathizers with and by emissaries of the insurrection. All persons in Manila or elsewhere are again reminded that the entire archipelago, for the time being, is necessarily under the rigid restraints of martial law, and that any contribution of advice, information, or supplies, and all correspondence the effect of which is to give aid, support, encouragement, or comfort to the armed opposition in the field, are flagrant violations of American interests, and persons so engaged are warned to conform to the laws which apply to occupied places as herein set forth. "The newspapers and other periodicals of Manila are especially admonished that any article published in the midst of such mar tial environment which by any construction can be classed as seditious must be regarded as intended to injure the army of occupation and as subjecting all connected with the publication to such punitive action as may be determined by the undersigned. divest themselves of the character of soldiers, and, if captured, are not entitled to the privileges of prisoners of war. It is well known that many of the occupied towns support and encourage men who habitually assume the semblance of peaceful pursuits, but who have arms hidden outside of the towns, and periodically slip out to take part in guerilla war. "The fact that such men have not heretofore been held responsible for their actions is simply an evidence of the solicitude of the United States to avoid all appearance of harshness in pacifying the islands, and not of any defect in the law itself. The people of the archipelago are now instructed as to the precise nature of the law applicable in such cases, and are warned to mistrust leaders who not only require soldiers to expose themselves to the ordinary vicissitudes of campaign, but insist upon duties that necessarily expose all who engage therein to the possibility of trial for a capital offence." McArthur, DUNCAN, military officer; born in Dutchess county, N. Y., June 14, 1772. His father removed to the Ohio frontier of Pennsylvania when Duncan was only eight years of age. At eighteen he volunteered in defence of the frontier against the Indians, and served in Harmar's campaign (see HARMAR, JOSIAH). McArthur became a surveyor, and, pur Men who participate in hostilities with chasing large tracts, became possessed of out being part of a regularly organized force, and without sharing continuously in much landed wealth. He was a member Its operations, but who do so with intermit- of the Ohio legislature in 1805, and in militia. When war was kindling he was chosen colonel of the Ohio volunteers, and was second in command at the surrender of DETROIT (q. v.). In the spring of 1813 he was promoted to brigadier-general, and in 1814 succeeded General Harrison in command of the Army of the West. 1808 became major-general of the State 1.100 British regulars. He arrived at Sanwich, Nov. 17, and there discharged his band. That raid was one of the boldest operations of the war. He skimmed over hundreds of miles of British territory with the loss of only one man. In the fall of 1815 he was elected to the Ohio legislature, and in 1816 he was appointed a commissioner to conclude treaties with the Indian tribes. He was again an Ohio legislator and speaker of the House, and in 1819 was sent to Congress. He was governor of Ohio from 1830 to 1832, and while in that office he met with a serious accident, from which he never recovered. He died near Chillicothe, O., April 28, 1839. in Virginia. In 1879-82 he was Professor of Botany and Agriculture in the University of Tennessee; and in 1883-87 Professor of Botany and president of the South Carolina College. He then became president of the University of South Carolina and director of the South Carolina agricultural experiment station. In 1891 he was chosen president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and director of the Virginia agricultural experiment station. Late in the summer of 1814, the critical situation of General Brown's army on the Niagara frontier induced General MeArthur to make a terrifying raid in the western part of Canada, to divert the attention of the British. He arrived at Detroit Oct. 9, with about 700 mounted men which he had raised in Kentucky and Ohio. Late in that month he left Detroit McBryde, JoHN MCLAREN, educator; with 750 men on fleet horses, and, with born in Abbeville, S. C., Jan. 1, 1841; five pieces of cannon, passed up the lake graduated at the University of Virginia in and St. Clair River towards Lake Huron, 1860. He served in the Confederate army to deceive the Canadians. On the morn- till 1863, when he was transferred to the ing of the 25th he suddenly crossed the Confederate Treasury Department. At river, pushed on in hot haste to the the close of the war he engaged in farming Moravian towns, and on Nov. 4 entered the village of Oxford. He appeared unheralded, and the inhabitants were greatly terrified. There he disarmed and paroled the militia, and threatened instant destruction to the property of any one who should give notice to any British post of his coming. Two men did so, and their houses were laid in ashes. On the following day he pushed on to Burford, where the militia were casting up intrenchments. They fled at his approach, and the whole region was excited with alarm. The story went before him that he had 2,000 men in his train. He aimed at Burlington Heights, but at the Mohawk settlement, on the Grand River, near Brantford, he was confronted by a large body of Indians, militia, and dragoons. Another British force, with artillery, was not far distant, so McArthur turned southward, down the Long Point road, and drove some militia at a post on the Grand River. There he killed and wounded seven men and took 131 prisoners. His own loss was one killed and six wounded. He pushed on, destroying flouring-mills at work for the British army in Canada, and, finding a net of peril gathering around him, he turned his face westward and hastened to Detroit, pursued, from the Thames, by Af McCabe, CHARLES CARDWELL, clergyman; born in Athens, O., Oct. 11, 1836; was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, and became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Conference in 1860. In 1862 he was appointed chaplain of the 122d Ohio Infantry. During the battle of Winchester he was taken prisoner, and spent four months in Libby prison. ter his release he rejoined his regiment, but soon resigned to enter the service of the UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN COMMISSION (q. v.), for which he raised large sums of money. When peace was concluded he settled in Portsmouth, O., and was appointed financial agent for Wesleyan University. In 1884 he became secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society, and has since become widely known because of the very large sums of money he has raised for the society. He was elected bishop in 1896. He has serve Corps, consisting of 15,000 men, and lectured on The Bright Side of Libby was made brigadier-general in May, 1861. Prison. This force was converted into three divisions of the Army of the Potomac, under his command, and they did gallant service McCabe, JAMES DABNEY, author; born in Richmond, Va., July 30, 1842; received an academic education. His publications in McClellan's campaign against Richmond include Fanaticism and its Results; Life of Gen. Thomas J. Jackson; Memoir of Gen. Albert S. Johnston; Life and Campaigns of Gen. Robert E. Lee; Planting the Wilderness; The Great Republic; History of the Grange Movement; Centennial History of the United States; Lights and Shadows of New York Life, etc. He died in Germantown, Pa., Jan. 27, 1883. McCabe, WILLIAM GORDON, educator; born in Richmond, Va., Aug. 4, 1841; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1861; served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, becoming a captain in the 3d Artillery Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. After the war he founded and became head master of the University School in Petersburg, Va., which he subsequently removed to Richmond, Va. He is the author of The Defence of Petersburg; an edition of Caesar's Gallic War; Ballads of Battle and Bravery, etc. McCall, EDWARD R., naval officer; born in Charleston, S. C., Aug. 5, 1790; entered the navy as midshipman in 1808, and in the summer of 1813 was lieutenant of the brig Enterprise. In the action with the Boxer, Sept. 4, 1813, his commander (Lieutenant Burrows) was mortally wounded, when the command devolved upon McCall, who succeeded in capturing the British vessel. For this service Congress voted him a gold medal. He was made mastercommander in 1825, and captain in 1835. He died in Bordentown, N. J., July 31. 1853. in 1862. Made captive on the day before the battle of Malvern Hills, he suffered such rigorous confinement in Richmond that he returned home in broken health, and resigned in March, 1863. He died in West Chester, Pa., Feb. 26, 1868. McCall, HUGH, military officer; born in South Carolina in 1767; joined the army in May, 1794; was promoted captain in August, 1800. When the army was reorganized in 1802 he was retained in the 2d Infantry: was brevetted major in July, 1812; and served during the second war with England. He was the author of a History of Georgia. He died in Savannah, Ga., July 9, 1824. McCalla, BowMAN HENDRY, naval officer; born in Camden, N. J., June 19, 1844; was appointed a midshipman in the navy, Nov. 30, 1861; was at the Naval Academy McCall, GEORGE ARCHIBALD, military officer; born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1802; graduated at West Point in 1822; distinguished himself in the war in Florida, and served in the war against Mexico, in which he was assistant-adjutant-general with the rank of major, at the beginning. Late in 1847 he was promoted to major of infantry; was made in 1861-64; promoted ensign, Nov. 1, 1866; inspector-general in 1850; and in April, master, Dec. 1 following; lieutenant, 1853, resigned. When the Civil War broke March 12, 1868; lieutenant-commander, out, he organized the Pennsylvania Re- March 26, 1869; commander, Nov. 3, BOWMAN HENDRY MCCALLA. 1884; and captain, March 3, 1899. In in 1875, and became a farmer. In 1877 1890, while commander of the Enterprise, he taught school at Demopolis, Ala.; in 1878-83 was assistant Professor of Chemistry in the University of Alabama; in 1883-90 was chemist to the Geological Survey of Alabama, and also assistant State geologist; and since 1890 has been chief assistant geologist of Alabama. He is a member of the American Institute of many geological papers, maps, reports, etc. McCann, WILLIAM PENN, naval officer; born in Paris, Ky., May 4, 1830; graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1854; entered the navy with he was tried by court-martial on five charges, found guilty, and sentenced to suspension for three years and to retain his number on the list of commanders during suspension. During the war with Spain he was in command of the Marblehead, and so distinguished himself, especially by his services in Guantanamo Mining Engineers; and the author of Bay, that the President cancelled the court-martial's sentence of suspension at the request of the Secretary of the Navy, and the written petition of all his classmates. After his promotion to captain he was given command of the protected cruiser Newark, with orders to prepare her for the run to the Philippines. For the speed with which he accomplished this duty he was officially complimented by the Navy Department. When the Boxer troubles in China called for foreign intervention, Captain McCalla was ordered te Taku, and there was placed in command of the first American detachment ordered on shore duty. On the march headed by Admiral Seymour, of the British navy, planned for the relief of the foreign legations in Peking, it was Captain McCalla's tactical skill that enabled the small force to get back to Tientsin, after the failure of the attempt. Concerning this movement Admiral Seymour said: "That my command pulled out in safety is due to Captain McCalla. The credit is his, not mine, and I shall recommend the Queen that he and his men be recommended by her to the President of the United States," and in his official report he said: "I must refer specially to Commander McCalla, of the American cruiser Newark, whose services were of the greatest value to me and all concerned. He was slightly wounded in three places, and well merits recognition." On Sept. 22, 1900, the Secretary of the Navy officially commended him for his services in the operations in China, and on March 16, 1901, he was further honored by being assigned to the command of the new battleship Kearsarge, considered one of the most enviable commands in the navy. McCalley, HENRY, geologist; born in Madison county, Ala., Feb. 11, 1852; graduated at the University of Virginia WILLIAM PENN MCCANN. the rank of passed midshipman; was promoted lieutenant, 1855; lieutenant-commander, 1862; commander, 1866; captain, 1876; and commodore, 1887. In the Civil War he drove off the Confederate battery attacking Franklin's corps at West Point, Va., on May 2, 1862; captured the Confederate gunboat Teazer, July 4, following; was in the battle of Mobile Bay; and during the war captured several blockade-runners. In 1891 he was commissioned an acting rear-admiral and given command of the South Pacific station. On June 4, 1891, after a spirited chase, he captured at Iquique, Chile, the steamer Itata, which had taken arms and ammunition aboard at San Diego, Cal., for the Chilean revolutionists. He sent the ship and its cargo back to San Diego, and was commended by the Navy Department. He was retired in May, 1892. During |