TABLE NO. 3.* CONSONANT ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. labial .... Cat lingual labial soft. .... 1. ebb. 5. etch or chaise, sure, Schiller, as- 3. bdellium, add, signed. 6. off, cough, calf, phonic, Sappho. palatal hard 3. Hogg, ghost, rogue. .... soft. joy kick lull. man noon sing, ink pipe queen. coquette. .... 1. who. 5. ledger, ledge, adjective, gem, age. palatal hard 6. can, chord, lack, lough, pique,| queen. lingual hard 5. ill, kiln, bagatelle, whistle, belles (4) lingual soft 4. myrrh, mortgage, burr, corps. lingual soft. lingual 7. Ctesiphon, hoped, phthisic, Thomas, Pitt, gazette, ptyalism. lingual soft 1. wreathe. lingual sharp 4. eighth, withe, Matthew, ap ophthegm. 3. of, Stephen, have. 2. one, quire. hard. soft + :: A W * This table is designed to show every sound ever given to the consonants of our language. Practice across this table, thus, "Be (giving the name), b (making the sound of b), as in bulb, is a labial, because modified principally Te 15. 16. 17. Ve V, v V, v V, v 18. Double you Examples. TABLE NO. 4. VOWEL COMBINATIONS.* DIPHTHONGS,† ETC. No. Signs. Radical. Vanish. * A union or coalition of vowel or tonic sounds, uttered in one syllable, or by a single impulse of voice. A union of two sounds in one syllable, closely blended, seven of which are accented on the radical. A triphthong is a union of three vowel sounds in one syllable. Uoy is a triphthong accented on the middle sound. a, as in awe. ā, ĕ, I, as in pay, says, Friday. ā, ä, ẽ, ě, ĭ, ŭ, as in break, heärt, reap, head, guin'ea, earth. ō, ū, as in beau, beau'ty. ē, ě, ĭ, as in seen, ĕ'er, been. ā, ē, ě, ī, ĭ, as in eight, ceil, heifer, height, for'feit. a, ē, ě, ō, ũ, ŭ, as in Geôrge, pēo'ple, lěop'ard, yeō'man, feod, surgeon. ū, (y)ū, o, as in feud, Eu'nice, fey-de-joie' (zhwä). ŭ, as in re'gión. ū, as in lieu. ē, ě, ō, o, u, as in Phoebe, assafoĕ'tida, fõe, shọe, does. o, as in mangeu'vre. ī, û, Ĭ, as in boil, avoirdupois, chamois. ō, o, u, û, as in floor, moon, flood, foot. a, ō, ŏ, o, ŭ, y, as in bôught, court, hòugh, group, coup'le, could. ō, as in Stowe. ă, ä, ě, as in guår'anty, guärd, guár'ish. ē, as in quay (kē). ě, o̟, ù, ŭ, as in guěst, trye, due, guërdon. ē, ī, Ĭ, o̟, ū, as in mosquï'to, guide, build, fryit, juice. 38. uy 39. ī, as in buy. ye ī, as in rye. * A digraph is a union of signs or letters, but not of sounds. † Ey, in ey-ry, is, according to Worcester, ē, ā, ī, or ě, properly ā. See (equivalents) Table 2, Vowel Elements. Note.-Practice all the sounds and examples successively. Example: "Double a is pronounced ǎ, as in Isaac; ä as in bäa; a-e is pronounced a, as in Bael-fire; ä as in Häer'lem; e as in pae'an, and è as in faĕr'y," etc. * There are twelve tonic elements or units of speech-six long and six short, fourteen subtonics, and eight atonics. All other sounds whatsoever are more or less closely united combinations of these sounds or elements. There are seven close diphthongs, three having single signs, and four more worthy of single signs. (See Table No. 4, Vowel Combinations.) (1) According to Walker and Webster, är, Russel and Murdoch, di, and Smart and Vandenhoff, ue. The latter seems decidedly the best. (2) According to Worcester and Webster, ô, and Murdoch and Russel, ŏi. (3) The sound of h can be classed as a lingual, labial, or palatal, since it is simply an emission of breath. Note.-Practice this table horizontally, as follows: ", a, e, etc.," by sound, and not by name; practice perpendicularly by sound, as “ē, ā, ä, a, ō, o, etc.;" practice by pronouncing the words, naming the signs, and producing the sounds, as "ēve, ē; āle, ā," etc. |