the time he risked his life in opposition to the Boer War has always been underrated by his opponents. The fact has continually given him an initial advantage. His rhetoric covers a cold brain, and if I were asked to sum him up in a short phrase I should say that for good or evil he puts things through. He is a contradictory, tantalizing kind of person, a world figure with more power in his own country than any man has possessed since Oliver Cromwell. He is nevertheless at close quarters an extremely genial, fun-loving man who delights in good stories, who can on occasions look very serious as he listens to ponderous highbrows, but who has secret contempt for words, however thoughtful and beautiful, if they are not backed up by effective action. It is a strange thing to say about a man with such undoubted gifts of oratory as are possessed by the British Prime Minister, but it is a fact, as his friends and his shrewder enemies will testify, that, while the newspaper readers in all countries picture him as the strong or wily or provocative statesman of set purposes and big policies, those who have met him in the flesh retain a picture of him less true in general design but far more living. They see him as a twinklingeyed man, a trifle knock-kneed, utterly unassuming in his personal relationships, devoid of the so-called dignity which has hedged in statesmen of the past, a man considerably concerned about the weather of the next week-end

I'

for golf. In other words, he is a very mixed human kind of individual. In the rush of world affairs in which he takes so large a part I like to think of him as insisting on having apple pie for his tea every Sunday afternoon, as he used to do when a young fellow in his Welsh village.

His hair has become snow-white during the war, but his eyes are as bright and lively as ever, and I was told by a Cabinet Minister recently that of all the Ministers at Downing Street he, with the greatest load of responsibility, remains the brightest and strongest and the livest of all those who sit round the council table.

I remember the impression I had of him just before the war, when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer, and when he was likely to be overwhelmed by the strong protest as a result of a measure taking away powers that the House of Lords had held for over eight hundred years. He had remodeled the financial system of the country, and he was laying out further big projects. As I sat talking in his library at Downing Street his little daughter, Megan, then at a fashionable ladies' school, was at his side, her hand deep in his long hair. "What's the next big plan you have afoot?" I asked. He paused for a moment as he pulled his daughter's ear. "It's a serious undertaking. I propose a grave and momentous measure. Nothing less than one which takes away the six weeks' school holidays that little girls

get in the summer." It was at this point that Megan shook her father violently by the shoulder.

N the domestic circle Mrs. Lloyd In her pretty smile and kindly humorous talk you still get a reflection of Maggie Owen, the fascinating girl whom Lloyd George wooed and won on a Welsh farm thirty years ago. The dinner table rings with lively exchanges when only intimates and members of the family are present. Some of these conversations with the comments on public men and public matters, could they but be published, would be of vaster interest just at present than the great current works of literature.

I George is supreme.

Lloyd George derived much of his early power from his ready wit. Many examples of it are current. He had plenty of opportunities of exercising it when he was the focal point of so much animosity. He was jeered at for his polity, for his lowly upbringing, for his profession, even for his physical appear

ance.

He is not a very big man. Once

a raucous objector shouted at him in the middle of a meeting, "What does a little Welsh attorney know about it? You little five foot six of nothing!"

"Ah, that must have been an Englishman," said Lloyd George. "In Wales we measure a man from his chin up."

Gusts of humor as well as gusts of passion are still eddying round the little Welsh wizard. They will till the end of the chapter.

F there was ever a city that faced adversities gamely, it is Detroit.. Rome and Chicago were burned, San Francisco was shaken to pieces by an earthquake,' Rheims was shelled. But Detroit had to quit building motor cars, and that was a calamity that the most melancholy patron of the erstwhile Pontchartrain bar had never contemplated. Neither a flood nor a fire could have annoyed Detroit more. To stop building cars was unthinkable.

Late the other night in the smoking compartment of a Michigan Central train that was pulling out of Chicago's Twelfth Street station a man with the unmistakable air of a motor magnate handed another an extensive cigar and began to renew an old friendship. He described the rise and decline of his business and was presently boasting that he had recently achieved the distinction of walking into his bank and borrowing $100,000. When the loan had been effected, the banker turned to the borrower and asked whether he had written his epitaph. The other shook his head.

"Well," continued the banker, "your

1 Bang! Now we've lost all our San Francisco ubscribers.-The Editors.

epitaph ought to read: 'Here lies He borrowed $100,000 from

a bank in 1921.'" Before the train had reached Engle wood the one with the air of a motor magnate had struck the other for a jobwhich is a sample of what has been happening to Detroit.

One unhappy day last fall when the lake fogs lay like a wet blanket over the city, Detroit discovered that her motor industry was gradually ebbing away. Production rapidly declined from bad to worse. Factories were shut down completely. Hamtramck found itself hamstrung. In the last week of December Detroit's so-called employment curve ceased curving altogether, unbent itself into a straight and. sinister line, and took a high dive that carried it close to the bottom of the industrial stream her industrial prime Detroit had had fully 200,000 workers on her various pay-rolls. But she began the present year with jobs for only about one person out of every ten who had formerly been employed. And with 175,000 out of her 200,000 employees bewildered and out of work Detroit gamely started to dig herself out.

In

This is the story of Detroit's come

back. For the first time in her glistening history Detroit is close-hauled. The easy-going looseness of her structure, the flowing freedom of the garments of this buoyant young goddess of the Middle West, are no longer in evidence. Do the metaphors appear to be mixed? Well, Detroit mixes her metaphors these days instead of her drinks. Go to Detroit and see if you can think in anything but mixed metaphors. A curious confusion reigns. Detroit has been tapped on the temple and still goes along in a sort of daze. She used to have so many motor cars that she had to park them diagonally along the curbs; but the lines of cars that used to be parked on Woodward Avenue have been noticeably thinned out. She now parks her cars in almost every available empty lot; they are for sale with all manner of astonishing bargain prices painted on their wind-shields. You can walk in and get almost any kind of used, second-hand, rebuilt, or renewed car you want, pay down almost anything you like, and pay the rest when and how you please. On Jefferson Avenue. where clerks and mechanics used to drive their own cars, you will now see a string of Fifth Avenue busses.

But if Detroit no longer rides in its own private cars, Detroit still rides. It is surprising to see how many Detroiters ride on the Coney Island devices that have appeared on Jefferson Avenue near the Boulevard. It is said that any number of big motor car men are stockholders in the various amusement park ventures. If necessary, they propose to sell pleasure transportation on wooden horses at fifteen cents a ride instead of in limousines at heaven only knows how much per mile.

It was three years since I had been in Detroit, and these changes were more astonishing than the sight of Detroit's palatial new newspaper plant, the new Orchestra Hall, the Woodward Hotel, and the absence of the Pontchartrain, torn down to make room for the new home of the First and Old Detroit National Bank. No Detroiter had the heart to wreck the famous landmark, so the bank turned the job over to John J. O'Connor, a slim but courageous young fellow from Chicago, then one of the vice-presidents or something, and now manager of the finance department of the United States Chamber of Com

merce.

Detroit is probably dancing less these days than she has ever danced before. The city which invented the slogan, "Where life is worth living," and then lived up to it, goes about with a strangely thoughtful look, and it isn't occasioned entirely by the fact that Ontario, Canada, just across the river, has voted to go dry.

The lobby of the Statler no longer looks like a convention of advertising representatives, for Detroit's manufacturers are buying substantially less space in advertising mediums in which to state the virtues of their wares, and incidentally the Statler bar is presided over by barmaids serving crackers and milk.

If the late Harry Ford, whose brief career glowed so brilliantly in Detroit motor circles, and who laid down his life in captain's uniform, could return to his old haunts, he would find Detroit strangely altered. W. C. Durant has abandoned control of General Motors, and has organized the Durant Corporation. Important changes are said to be taking place in numerous organizations. Lee Councilman is a motion picture nabob in New York. Lee Olwell and Charlie Steele occupy desks in Wall Street. Even C. R. Lester, for years technical manager of Packard, has vanished from Detroit and has gone into business in Cleveland. Ralph Estep's golden English no longer illuminates motor car advertising; he was killed in battle during the World War, and one of his husky cubs, Arthur Kudner by name, is ably carrying on some of the Estep writing jobs.

A delightful sample of the new Detroit in action is the headquarters of Theodore F. McManus, Inc., the noted advertising agency. Mr. McManus and his associate, Lee Anderson, unable to find the sort of offices they wanted downtown, smote all precedents in the

Photograph by George Adams

head and bought a brown-stone mansion in the residential Hancock Avenue, where they are now doing business.

Detroit was dazed but not downed when she entered 1921 with a scant 25,000 workers on the job. By the end of January nearly 40,000 were back at their machines. By the end of February more than 50,000 were again draw. ing pay and turning out cars; by the end of March nearly 90,000, and at the close of April more than 100,000 Detroiters were again doing happy time in the factories.

On June 1, Detroit factories again employed 170,000 workers, or sixty per cent of the number employed a year ago. But the month of May showed a decrease of about 4,000.

The city that put power-driven wheels under the Allied armies, that designed and built the Liberty motor for airplanes, has now discovered how to turn out more work than ever before with less effort. Detroit is close-hauled. I am indebted to Roy D. Chapin, President of the Hudson Motor Company, for the expressive phrase. She is taking back only the best of her former employees, and straw-bosses who used to stand about and supervise are now operating machines. An intensified efficiency has taken hold of Detroit.

Hugh Chalmers, who burst upon Detroit as a boy wonder from Dayton, tells me that Chalmers cars are again coming through at sixty-five per cent of capacity. His hair is turning gray, but he has as much of the old fire as ever.

Henry M. Leland, President of the Lincoln Motor Company, and the Nestor of the automobile industry, in an exclusive statement to The Outlook, describes Detroit's return to normalcy:

The best information now available indicates that Detroit is approaching a condition of normal business activity.

Spring is always the big buying season for automobiles, but two reasons may be cited to support the view that present activity will prove more than seasonable.

depressed to continuously improving. As general business thus betters itself the demand for Detroit's typical product should increase in a manner to offset, at least in part, the usual seasonal falling off in demand.

Second, the country as a whole was at a business standstill largely because no one had had the courage to start something. The automobile manufacturers broke the ice, and as their product calls for contributions from every craft, their activity may prove to have been the start toward much better business conditions. It is well recognized that the automobile led the way to renewed activity in 1919.

For several weeks past the employment statement shows an increase of over six thousand men cach week among the membership of the Employers' Association. The total number of men employed by our members was 112,852 on May 1. These figures register accurately the improvement in the motor-car industry. Some of the largest factories are now producing more than sixty per cent of the output attained at the height of the post-war demand.

Edward S. Jordan, President of the Jordan Motor Car Company, declares:

"Our own reduction in price which was made the first of May increased our production five times within the thirtyday period. This reduction in price was made possible by the liquidation of all inventory, improved labor efficiency, and our ability to buy new materials on a definite quantity basis at new prices. It is a noticeable fact that whenever lower prices are offered to the public by any manufacturer, there has been a marked increase in sales."

During the month of April alone 27,188 Detroit unemployed were taken back to work, an extraordinary number when it is considered that during April in the country as a whole only 43,368 men were re-employed. Chicago stood second on the list with a record of 3,098 men re-employed.

It is reported that sixty of the big Detroit plants have resumed full-time schedules and that only nineteen are now working part time.

I

T is very difficult for any one to give a fair summary of an opinion which he regards as fundamentally erroneous. Instead, therefore, of reporting Professor Bacon's interpretation of Jesus and Paul,' I put here in a paragraph my own, which is at almost every point directly opposite to Professor Bacon's. I think it clear from the Gospel narrative that Jesus came out from the wilderness after pondering his life problem with a clearly defined belief that he was the Messiah promised by the ancient prophets and with a clear conception that his mission was to be accomplished by no startling display of divine miraculous power, but solely by spiritual forces, operating from within the souls of men; that he never changed or modified that conception, though it may have grown clearer, and doubtless the kind of opposition he would encounter did grow clearer to him; that in his first recorded sermon in the synagogue at Nazareth he publicly intimated his faith in his own mission and in the universality of the kingdom of God; that in his parables, notably those in the thirteenth chapter of Matthew, he explained the nature of the kingdom as a gradual, spiritual development, in contrast with the prevailing Jewish conception of its sudden and miraculous appearance in that generation; that he never taught directly or by implication that his Father required any expiation or sacrifice or blood-shedding as a condition of forgiveness of sin; that his teaching, both by words and by life, was wholly inconsistent with that which was the prevalent Jewish idea of his time; and that, while Paul in his letter to the Romans uses some of the phraseology of the Pharisees, he uses it solely for the purpose of getting behind their ironclad armor that he might supplant the notion that religion is a painful and scrupulous obedience to law with the truth that it is a free acceptance of a life freely given, and supplant the notion that the righteousness of God must be appeased or satisfied before he can forgive with the truth that God's righteousness freely rightens all those who desire to possess his holy character, that he is a forgiving, helping, healing God to all who put their trust in him.

This understanding is fundamentally and at every point in opposition to that of Professor Bacon; but I have put it so often and in so many different forms before the readers of The Outlook and so recently in a narrative of personal experience in the little book "What Christianity Means to Me," that I need not here further define or restate the grounds on which it rests.

1 Jesus and Paul. By Benjamin W. Bacon tures given at Manchester College. Oxford, 20. The Macmillan Company, New York. $2.50.

Dr. Holland was a canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, London. He was apparently a High Churchman and certainly an active social reformer; was one of the founders of the Christian Social Union, the object of which was "to study in common how to apply the moral truths and principles of Christianity to the social and economic difficulties of the present time." Mr. Paget thinks him a great man, but fails to give the reader adequate grounds for that opinion. In his preface he definitely declines to "appraise his [Holland's] theological and political teaching." Yet some basis for such appraisal is just what the reader wants-and fails to get. How did Canon Holland differ in theology from Lightfoot or Liddon or Keble; how in sociology from Kingsley or Maurice or Morris? A page and a half of bibliography show Canon Holland to have made considerable contributions to the religious literature of his time. But the reader is left without any valuation of this literature or any information as to its spirit and character. The "Memoirs" will be valuable chiefly to those who already know Canon Holland as a writer and desire to add to that knowledge some information concerning him as a citizen, friend, and familiar correspondent.

The author of "The Age of the Reformation," like his father, Henry Preserved Smith, is temperamentally a scholar, by which I mean that he is a partisan of the truth; and a partisan of the truth can never be satisfactory to any other partisan. No religious controversialist will be satisfied with this volume, which is characterized by the same painstaking research and the same endeavor to give judicially both sides of hotly debated questions which are characteristic of the author's interesting Life of Martin Luther. Luther is not portrayed as a demigod nor the Pope as a demidevil. The portrait of Henry VIII of England is quite different from that painted by Froude in his "History of England," though there is a family likeness; but the argument by which Henry's defenders sought to justify his divorce from Catherine is given briefly but fairly. The author has no apologies to make for the sale of indulgences, but he is able to report with fairness the apologies which were made for them. I do not think he gives sufficient credit to John Calvin's contribution by his doctrine of divine sovereignty to the doctrine of human liberty, for historically and philosophically the two are inseparable; but he does make it clear that the burning of Servetus was due more to

2 Henry Scott Holland: Memoirs and Letters. Edited by Stephen Paget. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. $

The Age of the Reformation. By Preserved Smith. Henry Holt & Co., New York. $5.

the age in which John Calvin lived and to the theological school to which he belonged than to John Calvin personally. The Reformation throughout is treated as something more than a mere theological controversy, or even a mere religious revolution; it was "the beginning of a new season in the world's great year." I do not know where will be found in so small a compass so comprehensive a statement of the forces, spiritual, intellectual, and economic, which contributed to prepare for and to produce the great awakening as is contained in the first chapters of this book. The sketches of individuals, which are a feature of the volume, are both vivid and judicial. And throughout religion is assumed to be more than either a theology or a form of piety and the Reformation to be more than a change in either ecclesiastical forms or theological thoughts. Thus one chapter is devoted to "Social Conditions," another to "The Capitalistic Revolution," and still another to the various interpretations of the Reformation by the various and contradictory schools of thought. This largeness of view and this judicial spirit are the distinguishing characteristics of a volume which future teachers, whether of religious or secular development, cannot afford to ignore.

Mr. Bridgman's book is a source of much valuable information about the influence of New England and New Englanders upon the life of the world. It must have required both a careful collection of an immense amount of historical and not easily acquired material and a wise selection from the material so acquired. It traces in considerable detail the migrations of New Englanders, who have continued their fathers' pilgrimage, not only into all the Northwestern States of the Union, so as to make their influence felt as a dominating influence from Boston to San Francisco and Portland, Oregon, but also into Hawaii, Japan, China, India, the Near East, and Micronesia. Mr. Bridgman interprets well the nature of this influence in a single sentence: "The New England dynamic will continue to be a mighty power in the world as long as New England men keep open the channel between themselves and God." But he does not merely give a general interpretation; he illustrates and enforces it by thumb-nail biographical sketches, and these are in turn illustrated by sixteen portraits.

It is well worth while for the Western thinker to attempt to get in touch with Oriental thought, and Tagore is a useful teacher for that purpose. Contact is not easy; not because the thoughts are so different, but because the thinking is so different. The Westerner reasons; the Easterner states. The one arrives at conclusions; the other reports

New England in the Life of the World. By Howard A. Bridgman. The Pilgrim Press, Bo ton. $1.

experiences. Sometimes these reports receive our instant assent; sometimes our instant dissent. For example, we find on page 8: "We truly meet God, when we come to Him with our offerings and not with our wants." This absolutely contradicts Christian experience. We never get so near to God as when we come to him with our spiritual wants, as the child never gets so near his mother as when he comes to her with his sorrow for comfort, or his weariness and apathy for inspiration. On page 9 we find: "God's world is given to us, and when we offer our world to God then the gift is realized." That is a statement of the joy of possessing by consecrating, of acquiring by giving, which is worth remembering and meditating on. Tagore's "Thought Relics" are not processes, nor even conclusions; they are prose poems; paragraphs simply; few of them cover a page. To be understood it is as prose poems they must be read.

5

Mr. Douglas's volume is not a story with a moral, but a moral in a story. A minister who is preaching to a small and eminently respectable congregation in a large church is invited to a birthday dinner with a college classmate; meets there three successful men-a manufacturer, a doctor, and an editor; is inspired with a new spirit of energy, enterprise, and initiative, and goes home to put into his business the spirit which they put into theirs and to employ much the same sort of methods. It is a good book for ministers to read, because a spirit of energy, enterprise, and initiative is a good spirit for ministers to acquire. But to imitate the Rev. Dr. Preston Blue's methods and expect from the methods the Rev. Dr. Preston Blue's success would be a great mistake. Mere imitation rarely achieves a great success, and never in any form of industry which requires spiritual power. And methods which are employed by one minister in one community with good results may, when employed by a minister of a different temperament and in a different community, be fatal to results. I commend the book for inspiration but not for imitation. I add that the minister who makes his legitimate desire for a great congregation his main motive power makes a fatal mistake.

THE NEW BOOKS

FICTION REVOLUTION. By J. D. Beresford. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. $2.

Mr. Beresford's novel was written before the collapse of the threats of the industrial revolution in Great Britain involved in the plan of a "Triple Alliance" strike of railway, mining, and transportation workers.

That collapse was due, so the London "Spectator" declares, to the fact that the workers

Thought Relics, By Rabindranath Tagore. The Macmillan Company, New York. $2. Wanted-A Congregation. By Lloyd C. Douglas. The Christian Century Press, Chicago.

realized that they were citizens first and union men second. This is quite in line with the results of the revolution of this novel, in which the ruthless plot of industrial anarchists breaks down because the masses of laborers on the land and outside the big factories want peace and quiet. The story is not a tract, but a series of vivid, dramatic scenes and exciting incidents.

RED FLOWERS. By Francis Haffkine Snow. Boni & Liveright, N. Y. $1.50.

An unusual and faithful pen picture in fiction form of Russia from an American who knows the country well. It abounds in startling situations and in sharply accented character sketching.

TEATRO. By Pedro Calderón de la Barca. "Saturnino Calleja," S.A., Madrid.

TEATRO. By Lope de Vega. "Saturnino Calleja," S.A., Madrid.

EL CONDE LUCANOR. By Don Juan Manuel. "Saturnino Calleja," S.A., Madrid. BELARMINO Y APOLONIO. By Ramôn Pérez de Ayala. "Saturnino Calleja," S.A., Madrid.

Many Spanish books are models of publication, and these volumes are no exception. It is pleasant for the reader of classical Spanish to have his Calderón and his Lope de Vega in the very handy pocket edition in which the earlier "El Conde Lucanor" appears, with its convenient little lexicon, desirable for readers who might balk at mediæval Spanish. Larger in form but equally light to the hand is the curious novel by Ramón Pérez de Ayala. With these books the lover of Spanish is already armed with a good library.

WHITE WOLF (THE). By Elmer R. Gregor. D. Appleton & Co., New York. $1.75.

A romantic tale of Indian life in the old days. The wars between Delawares and Mohawks recall Cooper's Pathfinder tales. Indian legends and mystic lore are interwoven with the narrative.

ESSAYS AND CRITICISM NOTES ON LIFE AND LETTERS. By Joseph Conrad. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City. $1.90.

Many of these bits of journalism from the pen of a great novelist are slight, but some are written with distinction and none are trivial. There is a capital paper about books as "part and parcel of humanity," several acute appreciations of writers (Daudet, Henry James, Turgenev, and others), a few colorful talks about the sea writers, and-best of all to our liking-his "Poland Revisited," a delightful and semi-humorous account of Mr. Conrad's visit to his childhood home near Cracow. With innocent unconsciousness he undertook the journey with his family just as the storm of the World War was about to break. In some ways this book gets us closer to Mr. Conrad's remarkable personality than anything he has written.

LES CAHIERS BRITANNIQUES ET AMERICAINS. Traduits et édités par Cecil Georges Bazile. Bazile, Paris. The publisher of "Cahiers Britanniques et Américains" has the excellent idea of making English and American contemporary literature better known in France. He has already published a

considerable number of little volumes comprising selections from Hardy, Mere dith, Bret Harte, Stephen Leacock, Lord Dunsany, and others. The latest number to reach us contains a translation of three of ex-President Wilson's essays, prefaced by a very illuminating Introduction in French by Mr. Theodore Stanton. He shows that Mr. Wilson's literary models have been Britons, among them Addison, Dr. Johnson, Gibbon, Wordsworth, Carlyle, above all Burke; and that the ex-President loves to recall his descent from Robert Woodrow, the famous historian and Scotch Presbyterian ecclesiastic of the seventeenth century.

BIOGRAPHY

E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY: A HISTORY. By B. G. du Pont. With Illustrations. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. $3.

The founder of the great business concern described was a friend of Talleyrand, Lafayette, Franklin, and Jefferson. In 1793 he came to this country. For many decades, therefore, his great company has been intimately connected with every critical period in our history. The volume is one of unusual interest. MAKING OF HERBERT HOOVER (THE). By Rose Wilder Lane. The Century Company, New York. $3.50.

If any present-day, much-talked-of person seems matter of fact and unemotional, it is Herbert Hoover. He, we are sure, must be somewhat amazed at reading this extremely emotional and highkeyed biography of himself. It seems undeservedly melodramatic. The reader will also weary of the great amount of detail, particularly with regard to private matters.

BOOKS RECEIVED

FICTION

ISLAND OF FAITH (THE). By Margaret E.
Sangster. Illustrated. The Fleming H.
Revell Company, New York. $1.

PEOPLE. By Pierre Hamp. Translated by
James Whitall. Harcourt, Brace & Howe,
New York. $2.
PRINCESS SALOME. A Tale of the Days of
Camel-Bells. By Burris Jenkins. The J. B.
Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. $2.
SON OF THE HIDALGOS (A). By Ricardo
Leon. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City,
$1.75.
YELLOW HORDE (THE). By Hal G. Evarts.
Illustrated. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
• $1.75.

RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY HUMAN TRAITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE. By Irwin Edman, Ph.D. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. $3. POST-BIBLICAL HEBREW LITERATURE. By B. Halper. The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. $2.50. SHEPHERD OF THE SEA (THE). AND OTHER SERMONS. By W. L. Watkinson, D.D. Introduction by S. Parkes Cadman. The Fleming H. Revell Company, New York. $1. SWORD OR THE CROSS (THE). By Kirby Page. The Christian Century Press, Chicago. $1.20.

What is the story of the rise to power in British politics of Lloyd George? What has he had to depend upon to make his career? Was it wealth, education, social position, or what?

Premier Lloyd George has been called one of the chief social architects of England. In what respects has England been transformed into a social democracy since 1906? What part has Lloyd George played in this transformation process?

If you were to write an article on "Master Minds at Short Range," confining your paper entirely to living Americans, whom would you write about? What are some of the things you would say about each?

Can you name forty representative living Americans?

The Assistant Secretary of the Navy tells us that all new departures of importance in this country tend to be ill considered. Can you show by definite illustrations that the history of American democracy upholds Mr. Roosevelt in his conviction?

Is the airplane essentially and wholly an American invention? When and by whom was the first actually controlled flight in a power-driven heavier-than-air airplane made?

In your opinion, which was the most revolutionary contribution to the science of war, gunpowder or aircraft? What are your reasons?

Define the following terms: Aeronautics, inter-State traffic, contiguous, combatant, figments.

Here are four interesting and valuable books to read in connection with this topic: "Aircraft in War and Commerce," by W. H. Berry (Doran); "The Way of the Eagle," by Major Charles J. Biddle Scribners); "Aircraft and Submarines," by Willis J. Abbot (Putnams); "Aircraft," by Evan J. David (Scribners).

Master Minds at Short Range

Is George Bernard Shaw a Socialist? What are some of his social and political teachings? What are his best-known plays?

What is your explanation of Bernard Shaw's opinion of Shakespeare? How would you try to prove to Mr. Shaw that he should give up his contempt for Shakespeare?

In America Lord Northcliffe has frequently been compared to William Randolph Hearst. Are there any facts which would tend to justify this comparison?

1 These questions and comments are designed not only for the use of current events classes and clubs, debating societies, teachers of history and English, and the like, but also for discuson in the home and for suggestions to any ader who desires to study current affairs as Il as to read about them.-The Editors.

Do men make the times in which

men?

Of what value is the study of biography?

Is it our duty to study the lives of men and women still living? What are your reasons?

You should read the following references without fail: Pages 324-381 of "Modern and Contemporary European History," by J. S. Shapiro (Houghton Mifflin); the chapter on "Democratic Britain" in "Europe 1789-1920," by E. R. Turner (Doubleday, Page); Chapter XII in "Democracy at the Crossways," by F. J. C. Hernshaw (Macmillan); "The Making of Modern England," by Gilbert Slater (Houghton Mifflin); "Famous Living Americans," edited by M. G. and E. L. Webb (Charles Webb & Co., Greencastle, Ind.).

Detroit Close-Hauled

What does Mr. Fuessle mean by saying that Detroit is close-hauled? How

did it come to be such?

What are the fundamental reasons why so many men and women are out of work in Detroit and elsewhere in the United States? Does not the world

stand in need of the product of the labor of those that are now unemployed?

What sound and practicable suggestions can you make that would improve business conditions? What leads you to believe that they are sound suggestions? That they are practicable?

We are told that prices are so high as to discourage buyers and rates so high as to discourage traffic, and that lowering prices and traffic rates will encourage business. Why are not prices lowered and traffic rates cut down?

Do you see any lesson in Detroit's experience for American cities in general?

Define accurately the following terms: Melancholy, erstwhile, hamstrung, epitaph, liquidate, inventory, metaphors. normalcy.