CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES-Continued.

6. In case of the removal of the President | ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the VicePresident, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-Presi-gress shall make. dent, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President shall be elected.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Section I. The judicial power of the United Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and amendments to this Constitution, or, on the appliin such inferior courts as the Congress may from cation of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the sevtime to time ordain and establish. The judges.eral States, shall call a convention for proposing both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold amendments,, which, in either case, shall be valid their offices during good behavior, and shall at to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constated times receive for their services a compensa- stitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of tion which shall not be diminished during their three-fourths of the several States, or by convencontinuance in office. tions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the First Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES-Continued.

and all treaties made, or which shall be made, I not be construed to extend to any suit in law or under the authority of the United States, shall be equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the supreme law of the land, and the judges in the United States, by citizens of another State, every State shall be bound thereby, anything in or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. the Constitution or laws of any State to the ARTICLE XII. contrary notwithstanding.

3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath, or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII.

The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the game.

The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each. which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. certificates, and the votes shall then be counted:

ARTICLE I.

the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority. then from the persons having the highest numbers.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Gov-not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for ernment for a redress of grievances.

ARTICLE II.

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III.

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be scribed by law.

ARTICLE IV.

as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately. by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of

the States, and a majority of all the States shall

And if the House of be necessary to a choice. pre-whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon Representatives shall not choose a President, them, before the fourth day of March next folThe right of the people to be secure in their dent, as in the case of the death or other constilowing, then the Vice-President shall act as Presipersons, houses, papers, and effects, against un-tutional disability of the President. reasonable searches and seizures, shall not be having the greatest number of votes as Viceviolated, and no warrants shall issue but upon President shall be the Vice-President, af such numprobable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put In jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.

ARTICLE VIII.

The person

ber be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of VicePresident of the United States.

1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States. Representatives in Congress,

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor ex- the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the cessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual ishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X.

pun-members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-Pres ident, or hold any office, civil or military, under The judicial power of the United States shall the United States, or under any State, who, hav

ARTICLE XI.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES-AMENDMENTS—Continued.

ing previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States. shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.

1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apropriate legislation.

Ratification of the Constitution.
The Constitution was ratified by the thirteen
original States in the following order:

Delaware, December 7, 1787, unanimously.
Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787, vote 46 to 23.

Countries.

Austria-Hungary

Denmark

New Jersey, December 18, 1787, unanimously.
Georgia January 2, 1788, unanimously.
Connecticut, January 9, 1788, vote 128 to 40.
Massachusetts, February 6, 1788, vote 187 to 168.
Maryland, April 28, 1788, vote 63 to 12.
South Carolina, May 23, 1788, vote 149 to 73.
New Hampshire, June 21, 1788, vote 57 to 46.
Virginia, June 25, 1788, vote 89 to 79.

New York, July 26, 1788, vote 30 to 28.
North Carolina, November 21, 1789, vote 193 to 75.
Rhode Island, May 29, 1790, vote 34 to 32.

Ratification of the Amendments.

I. to X. inclusive were declared in force December 15, 1791.

XI. was declared in force January 8, 1798. XII., regulating elections, was ratified by all the States except Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which rejected it. It was declared in force September 28, 1804.

XIII. The emancipation amendment was ratified by 31 of the 36 States; rejected by Delaware and Kentucky, not acted on by Texas; conditionally ratified by Alabama and Mississippi. Proclaimed December 18, 1865.

XIV. Reconstruction amendment was ratified by 23 Northern States; rejected by Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and 10 Southern States, and not subsequently ratified under pressure. acted on by California. The 10 Southern States Proclaimed

July 28, 1868.

XV. Negro citizenship amendment was not acted on by Tennessee, rejected by California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey and Oregon; ratified by the remaining 30 States. New York rescinded its ratification January 5, 1870. Proclaimed March 30, 1870.

IMMIGRATION FOR TEN YEARS.
1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899.

1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904.
114,847 113,890 171,989 206,011 177,156
1,196 1,579 2,577 3,450 3,976
2,926 3,655 5,660 7,158
1,739 8,150

33,401 65.103 33,031

89,797

Belgium

1,058 1.261

62,491
1,101

8.525

France, includ'g Corsica

8,117 5,578

9,406

German Empire....

28,304 40,086

46,380

Greece..

Netherlands.

1,388 1,583

6,705 9,575

178,375
1,785 2,349 2,284
12,284 17,484 24,461

230,622

193,296

8.998

4,916

23,808

($)

(+) (#) (4) ($)

(+)

Servia, Bulgaria and

Total immigrants.. 258,536 343.267 230,832 229,299 311,715 448,572 487,918 648,743 857,046 812,870 Beginning with 1899, Polish immigrants have been included in the countries to which

they belong.

POLITICAL PLATFORMS.

The Republican National Convention was the [sistent protective tariff and industry, free from first of the conventions of the two great parties oppression and stimulated by the encouragement to be held. It convened in Chicago, June 21, and consisted of 994 delegates. For nominations a majority, or 498, was necessary to a choice. On June 23, on the call of the roll of States, Theodore Roosevelt, of New York, received every vote of the convention for the nomination for President, and Charles Warren Fairbanks, of Indiana, every vote for the nomination for Vice-President.

The Democratie National Convention met in St. Louis July 6. On July 8 it nominated Alton Brooks Parker, of New York, for President, and Henry Gassaway Davis, of West Virginia, for Vice President. The convention consisted of 1,000 delegates, of which 952 represented the States and 48 the Territories. Two-thirds, or 667, were necessary for a nomination. On the first roll-call Parker received 658 votes, or 9 less than the prescribed number. Before the result of the ballot could be declared there were more than enough votes changed to make the required number.

On July 9, Judge Parker sent from Esopus, N. Y., the following dispatch to Wm. F. Sheehan, at St. Louis, who submitted the dispatch to the con

vention:

"Hon. W. F. Sheehan, Hotel Jefferson, St. Louis, Mo. I regard the gold standard as firmly and irrevocably established and shall act accordingly, if the action of the convention to-day shall be ratified by the people. As the platform is silent on the subject my views should be made known to the convention, and if it is proved to be unsatisfactory to the majority I request you to decline the nomination for me at once, so that another may be nominated before adjournment. Alton B. Parker."

By a vote of 774 to 191 the convention incorporated this dispatch with its platform in sending th's response, to wit: "The platform adopted by this convention is silent on the question of the monetary standard, because it is not regarded by us as a possible issue in this campaign, and only campaign issues were mentioned in the platform. Therefore, there is nothing in the views expressed by you in the telegram just received which would preclude a man entertaining them from cepting a nomination on said platform.' Following are the platforms adopted by the conventions:

Republican.

ac

Fifty years ago the Republican party came into existence, dedicated among other purposes to the great task of arresting the extension of human slavery. In 1860 it elected its first President. During twenty-four of the forty-four years which have elapsed since the election of Lincoln the Republican party has held complete control of the government. For eighteen more of the forty-four year it has held partial control through the possession of one or two branches of the government, while the Democratic party, during the same period, has had complete control for only two years. This long tenure of power by the Republican party is not due to chance. It is a demonstration that the Republican party has commanded the confidence of the American people for nearly two generations to a degree never equaled in our history, and has displayed a high capacity for rule and government which has been made even more conspicuous by the incapacity and infirmity of purpose shown by its opponents.

of wise laws expanded to a degree never before known, has conquered new markets and has created a volume of exports which has surpassed imagination. Under the Dingley tariff labor has been fully employed, wages have risen and all industries have revived and prospered. We firmly established the gold standard, which was then menaced with destruction. Confidence returned to business and with confidence an unexampled prosperity. For deficient revenues, supplemented by improvident issues of bonds, we gave the country an income which produced a large surplus and which enabled us only four years after the Spanish war had closed to remove over one hundred millions of annual war taxes, reduce the public debt, and lower the interest charges of the government.

The public credit, which had been so lowered that in time of peace a Democratic administration made large loans at extravagant rates of interest in order to pay current expenditures, rose under Republican administration to its highest point and enabled us to borrow at 2 per cent., even in time of war. We refused to palter longer with the miseries of Cuba. We fought a quick and victorious war with Spain. We set Cuba free, governed the island for three years and then gave it to the Cuban people with order restored. with ample revenues, with education and public health established, free from debt and connected with the United States by wise provisions for our mutual interests. We have organized the government of Porto Rico and its people now enjoy peace, freedom, order and prosperity. In the Philippines we have suppressed insurrection, established order and given to life and property a security never known there before. We have organized civil government, made it effective and strong in administration and have conferred upon the people of those islands the largest civil liberty they have ever enjoyed.

By our possession of the Philippines we were enabled to take prompt and effective action in the relief of the legations at Peking and a decisive part in preventing the partition and preserving the integrity of China. The possession of a route for an isthmian canal, so long the dream of American statesmanship, is now an accomplished fact. The great work of connecting the Pacific and Atlantic by a canal is at last begun and it is due to the Republican party. We have passed laws which will bring the arid lands of the United States within the area of cultivation. We have organized the Army and put it in the highest state of efficiency. We have passed laws for the improvement and support of the militia. We have pushed forward the building of the navy, the defense and protection of our honor and our interests. Our administration of the great departments of the government has been honest and efficient and wherever wrongdoing has been discovered the Republican administration has not hesitated to probe the evil and bring offenders to justice without regard to party or political ties. Laws enacted by the Republican party which the Democratic party failed to enforce and which were intended for the protection of the public against the unjust discrimination or illegal encroachment of vast aggregations of capital have been fearlessly enforced by a Republican President, and new laws insuring reasonable publicity as to the operations of great corporations and providing additional remedies for the prevention of discrimination in freight rates have been passed by a Republican Congress.

The Republican party entered upon its present period of complete supremacy in 1897. We have every right to congratulate ourselves upon the work since then accomplished, for it has added luster even to the traditions of the party which carried the government through the storms of In this record of achievement during the past civil war. We then found the country after four eight years may be read the pledges which the years of Democratic rule in evil plight, oppressed Republican party has fulfilled. We promise to with misfortune and doubtful of the future. Pub- continue these policies and we declare our conlic credit had been lowered, the revenues were de- stant adherence to the following principles. Proclining, the debt was growing, the administra-tection which guards and develops our industries tion's attitude toward Spain was feeble and mor- is a cardinal policy of the Republican party. The tifying, the standard of values was threatened measure of protection should always at least equal and uncertain, labor was unemployed, business the difference in the cost of production at home was sunk in the depression which had succeeded and abroad. We insist upon the maintenance of the panic of 1893, hope was faint and confidence the principles of protection and therefore rates of

duty should be readjusted only when conditions have so changed that the public interest demands their alteration, but this work cannot safely be committed to any other hands than those of the Republican party. To intrust it to the Demo

POLITICAL PLATFORMS-REPUBLICAN-Continued. cratic party is to invite disaster. Whether, as in term. The entire nation mourned his untimely 1892, the Democratic party declared the protective death and did that justice to his great qualities tariff unconstitutional, or whether it demands of mind and character which history will confirm tariff reform or tariff revision, its real object is and repeat. always the destruction of the protective system. However specious the name, the purpose is ever the same. A Democratic tariff has always been followed by business adversity; a Republican tariff by business prosperity. To a Republican Congress and a Republican President this great question can be safely intrusted. When the only free trade country among the great nations agitates a return to protection the chief protective country should not falter in maintaining it. We have extended widely our foreign markets, and the belief in the adoption of all practicable methods for their further extension, including commercial reciprocity wherever reciprocal arrangements can be effected consistent with the principles of protection and without injury to American agriculture, American labor, or any American industry.

Our

The American people were fortunate in his successor, to whom they turned with a trust and confidence which have been fully justified. President Roosevelt brought to the great responsibilities thus sadly forced upon him a clear head, a brave heart, an earnest patriotism, and his high ideals of public duty and public service. True to the principles of the Republican party and to the policies which that party had declared, he has also shown himself ready for every emergency and has met new and vital questions with ability and with success. The confidence of the people in his justice, inspired by his public career, enabled him to render personally an inestimable service to the country by bringing about a settlement of the coal strike which threatened such disastrous results at the opening of the winter in 1902. foreign policy under his administration has not only been able, vigorous and dignified, but in the highest degree successful. The complicated questions which arose in Venezuela were settled in such a way by President Roosevelt that the Monroe Doctrine was signally vindicated and the cause of peace and arbitration greatly advanced. His prompt and vigorous action in Panama, which we commended in the highest terms, not only secured to us the canal route, but avoided foreign complications which might have been of a very serious character. He has continued the policy of President McKinley in the Orient and our position in China, signalized by our recent commercial treaty with that empire, has never been so high. He secured the tribunal by which the vexed and perilous question of the Alaskan boundary was finally settled. Whenever crimes against humanity have been perpetrated which have shocked our people, his protest has been made and our good offices have been tendered, but always with due regard to international obligations. Under his guidance we find ourselves at peace with all the world, and never were we more respected or our wishes more regarded by foreign nations. Pre-eminently successful in regard to our foreign relations, he has been equally fortunate in dealing with domestic questions. The country has known that the public credit and the national currency were absolutely safe in the hands of his administration. In the enforcement of the laws he has shown not only courage, but the wisdom which understands that to permit laws to be violated or disregarded opens the door to anarchy, while the just enforcement of the law is the soundest conservatism. He has held firmly to the fundamental American doctrine that all men must obey the law; that there must be no distinction between rich and poor, between strong and weak, but that justice and equal protection under the law must be secured to every citizen without regard to race, creed or condition. administration has been throughout vigorous and honorable, high-minded and patriotic. mend it without reservation to the consid judgment of the American people Democratic.

We believe it to be the duty of the Republican party to uphold the gold standard and the integrity and value of our national currency. The maintenance of the gold standard, established by the Republican party, cannot safely be committed to the Democratic party, which resisted its adoption and has never given any proof since that time of belief in it or fidelity to it. While every other industry has prospered under the fostering aid of Republican legislation, American shipping engaged in foreign trade in competition with the low cost of construction, low wages and heavy subsidies of foreign governments has not for many years received from the Government of the United States adequate encouragement of any kind. We therefore favor legislation which will encourage and build up the American merchant marine, and we cordially approve the legislation of the last Congress which created the merchant marine commission to investigate and report upon the subject. A navy powerful enough to defend the United States against any attack, to uphold the Monroe Doctrine and watch over our commerce is essential to the safety and the welfare of the American people. To maintain such a navy is the fixed policy of the Republican party. We cordially approve the attitude of President Roosevelt and Congress in regard to the exclusion of Chinese labor and promise a continuance of the Republican policy in that direction. The civil service law was placed on the statute books by the Republican party, which has always suetained it, and we renew our former declarations that it shall be thoroughly and honestly enforced. We are always mindful of the country's debt to the soldiers and sailors of the United States and we believe in making ample provision for them and in the liberal administration of the pension laws. We favor the peaceful settlement of international differences by arbitration. We commend the vigorous efforts made by the administration to protect American citizens in foreign lands and pledge ourselves to insist upon the just and equal protection of all our citizens abroad. It is the unquestioned duty of the government to procure for all our citizens, without distinction, the rights of travel and sojourn in friendly countries and we declare ourselves in favor of all proper efforts tending to that end. Our great interests and our growing commerce in the Orient render the condi-votion to the essential principles of the Democratic tion of China of high importance to the United States. We cordially commend the policy pursued in that direction by the administrations of President McKinley and President Roosevelt,

We favor such congressional action as shall determine whether by special discriminations the elective franchise in any state has been unconstitutionally limited, and, if such is the case, we demand that representation in Congress and in the electoral colleges shall be proportionately reduced, as directed by the Constitution of the United States. Combinations of capital and of labor are the results of the economic movement of the age, but neither must be permitted to infringe upon the rights and interests of the people. Such combinations when lawfully formed for lawful purposes are alike entitled to the protection of the laws, but both are subject to the laws, and neither can be permitted to break them. The great statesman and patriotic American, William McKinley, who was re-elected by the Republican party to the presidency four years ago, was assassinated just at the threshold of his second

His

We com

The Democratic party of the United States, in national convention assembled, declares its de

faith which brings us together in party communion. Under them local self-government and national unity and prosperity were alike established. They underlaid our independence, the structure of our free republic, and every Democratic extension from Louisiana to California, and Texas to Oregon, which preserved faithfully in all the states the tie between taxation and representation. They yet inspire the masses of our people guarding jealously their rights and liberties, and cherishing their fraternity, peace and orderly development. They remind us of our duties and responsibilities as citizens and impress upon us. particularly at this time, the necessity of reform and the rescue of the administration of government from the headstrong, arbitrary and spasmodic methods which distract business by uncertainty and pervade the public mind with dread. distrust and perturbation. The application of these fundamental principles to the living issues of the day is the first step toward the assured peace. safety and progress of our nation; freedom of the press, of conscience and of speech; equality before the law of all citizens; the right of trial