Like a great many public men in modern times, he spoke for effect, not really wishing that he should be taken at his word, and his chagrin was great, when the Company cheerfully granted the favor requested, and proceeded to an election for a new Treasurer, or as we would say, President. There were three nominated for the office, and Sir Edwin Sandys received 59, Sir John Wolstenholme 23, and Alderman Johnson 18 balls.

The election of Sandys was greeted with pleasure by the Puritans at Leyden. William Brewster was sick in London at the time, but Robert Cushman, on May 12, wrote "to his loving friends," that Sir Thomas Smith "was very angry, and raised a faction to cavil and contend about the election, and to try Sir Edwin with many things that both might disgrace him, and also put him by his office of governor. It is most likely Sir Edwin will carry it, and if he do, things will go well in Virginia; if otherwise, they will go ill enough always. We hope in two or three Court days things will be settled, mean-space I think to go down into Kent, and come up again in fourteen days or three weeks hence."

Things did settle, as was anticipated, and under the regime of Sandys, the Company manifested new life, united with dignity and integrity.

Their manuscript records state, that on May the 26th, fourteen days after Cushman's letter, one Mr. John Wyncopp, who had been previously commended by a letter from the late Thomas Clinton, third Earl of Lincoln, appeared at the meeting, expressed his intention to go in person to Virginia, with his associates, who were Brewster and others, and presented his patent to the Court. Wyncopp's patent was referred to a committee, that was to meet at Edwin Sandys' house on the next Friday morning, who were directed "to consider, and if need be, to correct the same."

On the 17th of June, " by reason it grew late, and the Court ready to break up, and as yet Mr. John Whincop's* patent

* Whincop is also the spelling of MSS.

for him and his associates to be read; it was ordered that the seal should be annexed unto it, and referred the trust thereof to the Auditors to examine that it agree with original, which if it does not, they have permission to bring it into the Court and cancel it;" and a few days later it was ordered that "sundry Kentish men who would seat and plant themselves in Virginia, should have as large privileges and immunities as is granted to any others in that land."

The patent here spoken of was sent to Leyden to be examined by the Puritans, along with the proposal of Thomas Weston, merchant of London, to transport them to Virginia.

At the time the patent was granted, both William Brewster, and his son Edward, late of Virginia, were in the city, the latter being engaged in the prosecution of Governor Samuel Argall, who had been recalled for his many malpractices and tyrannical acts, and who had arrived early in May.

In August, 1619, Naunton, one of the King's Secretaries, who delivered an oration on the death of the learned Whitaker of Cambridge, and supposed to be friendly toward the Puritans, writes to an acquaintance that Brewster was frightened back into the low countries, his son having conformed to the Church, The son alluded to, was, no doubt, Captain Edward, whose name now begins to appear among the list of members present at the meetings of the Company.

The same year the patent was issued to Wyncopp, another was given to Mr. Peirce, but when the Northern branch of the Company reorganized and obtained a charter, as the Plymouth Company, for planting New England and comprising the territory between the fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude, a second patent was taken for the Puritans in the name of John Peirce, which called forth the following resolution on July, 16, 1621, at a meeting of the Virginia Company.

"It was moved, seeing that Mr. John Peirce had taken a patent of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and thereupon seated his

It is a fact worthy of notice, that the New England Company, with Sir Ferdinando Gorges as leader, was supposed to sympathize with the Court party, while the Virginia Company was friendly to the Puritans and Patriot party and hated by James, because it was a "school for a seditious parliament."

The Virginia Company recognized no supervision upon the part of any Bishop, and they were ready to send any "that were sincere and devout in their calling" as ministers to Virginia. On December 13, 1620, Captain Roger Smith, who was about to sail with fifty persons, moved "in behalf of a young scholar, desirous to go with him this present voyage, that he might be admitted preacher to the people now sent. The Committee hereupon agreed to give him a text to preach upon, a fortnight hence, in the handling whereof if they found him a sufficient scholar, he should be entertained accordingly." The requirement

of a trial sermon seems to have been no

unusual occurrence, for the next year the Court was informed that Mr. Leat, formerly a preacher in Newfoundland, and commended by Mr. Slaney, a promi

nent merchant of London, "for his civil and good carriage," was anxious to go to Virginia, and would put the Company to no charge except for necessaries and such books as should be useful to him; "which request the Court thought very reasonable and referred him to the General Committee, to be treated and concluded with, touching some moderate allowances to be bestowed upon him," and they appointed him to preach on Sunday sennight, in Saint Scythe's church* in the

The Earl of Southampton had been arrested in June, 1621, and while confined, examined as to his "correspondence with the Brownists," but was released early in July.

On the tenth of this month, he attended a meeting of the Company, and recommended "Mr. Bolton, minister, for his honesty and sufficiency in learning," and as fit for a vacant place in Virginia. Mr. Bolton became the first Christian minister on the eastern shore of Virginia. In the manuscript records of the colony is the following warrant :

"Whereas it is ordered by the Governor and Council that Mr. Bolton, Minister, shall receive for his salary this year throughout all the plantations at the eastern shore, ten pounds of tobacco and one bushel of corn for every planter and tradesman above the age of sixteen years alive at the crop. These are to require Captain William Eps, commander of the said plantation, to raise the said ten pounds of tobacco and one bushel of corn the said plantations, charging all persons to be levied accordingly throughout all there residing to yield ready obedience, and to be aiding and assisting unto the said Captain William Eps in the execution of the warrant, as they will answer the contrary at their peril. Given at James City, November 21, 1623.

FRANCIS WYATT."

The next week it was signified that Sir Francis Wyatt's brother, being a Master of Arts and a good divine very willing to go with him this present voyage, might be placed as minister over his people, and that the same allowance might be given to him as to others, and that his wife might have transportation free.

On May 8, 1622, the Company considered the request of Mr. Robert Staples, recommended by Mr. Abraham Chamberlain, and near twenty divines, who wished to go with his wife and child to Virginia, where a brother was living. They determined "that although their stock was spent, they would bind themselves to give him twenty pounds," toward an outfit, and that he might give some testimony as to his sufficiency "he was desired to preach upon Sunday sennight, in the afternoon, at St. Scythe's church, which he promised to perform."

In the same year, on the 3d of July, "the Court thought fit to bestow a freedom upon Mr. Pemberton, a minister of God's word intending forthwith to go to Virginia, and there to employ himself for the converting of the Infidels."

Governor Argall, and John Rolfe, the secretary of the colony during his administration, became very offensive to the Company, not only for persecution of Edward Brewster, but for sharp dealings with the Indians. In a letter of Aug. 23, 1618, written in behalf of the Company, to the Governor, it was said: "We cannot imagine why you should give us warning, that Opechankano and the natives, have given the country to Mr. Rolfe's child, and that they reserve it from all others, till he comes of years, except, as we suppose, as some do here report it, to be a device of your own, to some special purpose for yourself."

The man of sentiment does not desire the office of iconoclast, and it is hard to tear down the idol, that Virginia, and the whole American people have for two centuries worshiped.

The bald truth in dissipating the myth of Pocahontas, is as unromantic as the naturalist who from love of creeping things, coolly dissects the glossy and beautiful cocoon of silk, to inspect the worm. But it must be confessed that the most authentic early records know nothing of the child that threw herself between the Englishman and the weapon intended to slay, sculptured by Capellano, nor of that same maiden developed into "a lovely form with lovely soul," kneeling in

Christian humility, so impressively portrayed on canvas, in the rotunda of the nation's capitol.

As Hennepin and La Hontan deluded the French nation with improbable stories, so did John Smith beguile the English. More than ten years after his return from Virginia he published what he omitted to allude to in previous narratives, and told the romantic story of his saviour, Pocahontas.

Good old Fuller, an historian free from all malice, yet abundant in humor, was a contemporary of the wonderful man, knew him well, and gives a biography in his "Worthies of England." He quaintly says: "It standeth much to the diminution of his deeds, that he alone is the herald to proclaim and publish them." After stating that Smith died in 1631, he adds: "He was buried in St. Sepulchre's church, on the south side thereof, having a ranting epitaph inscribed. . . The orthography, poetry, history, and divinity in this epitaph, are much alike." Bancroft, misled by Smith, tells us of "an honest and discreet young Englishman, an amiable enthusiast who emigrated to the forests of Virginia, and daily, hourly as it were, in his very sleep, heard a voice crying in his ears that he should strive to make Pocahontas a Christian."

Strachey, a gentleman of character, secretary under Lord Delaware, says that Powhatan called one of his daughters Pocahontas, which means "little wanton," and represents her when about twelve years of age, as being lively as a cricket. "The younger women," he remarks, "go not shadowed amongst their own company until they be nigh eleven or twelve returns of the leaf old, nor are they much ashamed, and therefore would the before-remembered Pocahontas, a well-featured, but wanton young girl, Powhatan's daughter, sometimes resorting to our fort, of the age then of eleven or twelve years, get the boys forth, into the market-place, and make them wheel, falling on their hands, turning their heels upward, when she would follow."

At a very early age, and but a year or two after these gyrations in the undress

John Rolfe appears also to have been a married man when he sailed from England, with Sir Thomas Gates. While the party was at the Bermudas, his child, just born, was christened by the chaplain with the name of Bermuda.

He arrived in Virginia in 1610, and visited England in 1616, with Pocahontas.

She was lionized as a novelty, and contrary to her wishes commenced her return journey in 1617, but died at Gravesend.

Rolfe, after her death, was Secretary of the Colony, and remained in that position until he was superseded by John Pory. In 1621, Lady Delaware complained to the Virginia Company that he was unlawfully detaining the property of her late husband, and asked for redress. He died in 1622, for on October the seventh of that year, Mr. Henry Rolfe petitioned the Company "that the estate, his brother John Rolfe deceased, left in Virginia, might be inquired out, for the maintenance of his relict wife and children, and for his indemnity, having brought up the child, his said brother had by Powhatan's daughter, which child is yet living, and in his custody."

Whether the widow of Rolfe was the same wife, who first accompanied him to Virginia, cannot be ascertained.

At the same time that Pocahontas was brought over to stir up an interest in the plantation, and a zeal for the conversion of Infidels, other savage maidens came to England, whose condition was soon pitiable.

The Company, learning from Sir William Throckmorton on May 11, 1620, that an Indian girl, brought over by Sir Thomas Dale, who had lived as a servant with a merchant in Cheapside, was very weak of a consumption, at the house of the Puritan minister, William Gouge, in the Black Friars, a man whose name was in all the churches, in consequence of his daily deeds of love and charity; and that he had "taken great care to comfort her, both in soul and body," agreed "to be at

two months, (if it pleased God, she be not before the expiration thereof restored to health, or die in the mean season) for the administering of physic, and cordials for her health, and that the first payment begin this day sennight, because Mr. Treasurer's accounts for this year were set up."

"Sir William Throckmorton, out of his private purse, for the same, hath promised to give forty shillings, all which money is ordered to be paid to Mr. Gouge, through the good assurance the Company hath of his careful management."

One of the first movements of the Company, under the Sandys influence, was to carry out a project of a University in Virginia, with a College for the education of Indian youth, and on November 15, 1620, one month before the arrival of the Pilgrims on the Atlantic coast, at a meeting of the Court, after minutes were read, a stranger stepped in, and presented for the College in Virginia, a map of Sir Walter Raleigh, and "four great books," valued at ten pounds, one a translation of Augustine's "De civitate Dei," and the other three the works in folio of the learned fellow of Cambridge, and eminent Puritan, William Perkins,* whose lectures John Robinson had listened to, and whose catechism was used in the Leyden congregation. "For which so worthy a gift," we are told the friend of Shakspeare, and patron of literature," my Lord of Southampton desired the party that presented them, to return deserved thanks for himself, and the rest of the Company, to him that had so kindly bestowed them."

* Governor Leverett, of Massachusetts, and his associates, in a letter to the distinguished philosopher, Robert Boyle, wrote: "We are said to be factious in principles of religion. Answer:-If Mr. Perkins and those good old Puritans in King Edward the Sixth, and Queen Elizabeth's time, did in their principles of religion teach evil doctrine, then may we be rendered such: for our religion and principles are the same for substance with those old Christians and reformers, called Puritans.

After the settlement of Plymouth was commenced, the intercourse with Jamestown was perfectly harmonious, the same ships from England often carrying passengers to and trading with both places. Captain Thomas Jones, probably the mariner who commanded the May Flower in 1620, for his various good services, was made a member of the Virginia Company in 1622, and the same year sailed for Plymouth, New England, and from hence to Jamestown. On his return from Virginia, he brought as passenger the brilliant John Pory, who had been attached to several foreign embassies, before he became Secretary of the Virginia Company. Being a "sad drunkard" he did not "carry himself well," was recalled, and was now going home.

His intercourse with Governor Bradford and the brethren of the Plymouth Colony seems to have been mutually pleasant. In a letter to Bradford, dated August 28, 1622, he writes: "To yourself and Mr. Brewster, I most humbly acknowledge myself many ways indebted, whose books I would have you think very well bestowed, who esteems them such jewels. My haste would not suffer me to remember, much less to beg, Mr. Ainsworth's elaborate work on the five books of Moses, both his and Mr. Robinson's, so highly commend the authors, as being most conversant in the Scriptures, of all others; and what good who knows, it may please God, to work by them through my hands, though most unworthy, who finds such content in them. God have you all in his keeping. Your unfeigned, firm friend."

At a meeting of the Company held November 7, 1621, the following note directed to "Mr. Deputy treasurer, and the rest of the Council and Company of Virginia" was read. "You shall receive, here enclosed, forty shillings, for a sermon, to be preached before the Virginia Company, this Michaelmas term, and before the Quarter Court day. The place I leave to your Company's appointment. Also I desire that Mr. Davenport may preach the first sermon, if the Company approve thereof. I will, if God permit,

make a perpetuity in this kind, so beseeching your good acceptance of this small mite, and also that you Mr. Deputy perform your promise in concealing my name, I take my leave, and rest a daily

ORATOR FOR VIRGINIA."

The Company agreed that the sermon should be preached by Mr. Davenport, and decided also that they would afterward have a supper.

John Davenport is a name too much honored in America, to be passed with slight notice. He was born in 1597, the son of an alderman of Coventry, educated at Oxford, and a relative of Christopher Davenport, a Roman Catholic Priest, the chaplain to Queen Henrietta Maria, under the name of Franciscus a Sancta Clara. About the year 1618, he took charge of the parish of St. Lawrence, Old Jewry, London, and in 1624, was elected Vicar of St. Stephens, Coleman Street. For a time the Bishop opposed his induction for the alleged want of certain college degrees, and "the report that he was a factious and popular preacher, charming large assemblies of common people."

Davenport in a letter to Conway, one of the Secretaries of State, writes: "In six years past, his ministry has been more public and eminent than he desired, and is falsely accused by some of Puritanism. The want of college degrees was not caused by lack of ability but means; will use the first opportunity to obtain them." Secretary Conway wrote to the Bishop of London in his behalf. "In his parish of St. Lawrence, Old Jewry, he uses the surplice, cross in baptism, and kneeling at the communion. It is a malicious artifice to call those persons puritanical, who by their gifts and graces, and acceptance with the people, can do the most good."

Davenport was now inducted in the new charge to which he had been elected, and for ten years faithfully served the parish, but at last the ritualism, and imperiousness of Laud forced him to separate from the church of his fathers. The fact is thus announced in a letter of the Archbishop, to James, January 2, 1634: "Since my return out of Scotland, Mr. John Davenport, Vicar of St. Stephen's, Coleman