FIG. 1.-Lymph-nodule and adjoining tissue from a patch of Peyer, showing the center of the nodule occupied by large phagocytic cells.

FIG. 2. From center of lymph-nodule, showing the newly formed cells filled with more or less digested lymphoid cells. Several red blood-globules have also been incorporated.

FIG. 3.-Lymphatic vessel of mucous membrane containing phagocytic, lymphoid, and plasmacells

(F. B. Mallory, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Nov., 1898.)

Large focal area in liver, consisting of phagocytic cells. The included liver-cells have entirely disappeared (F. B. Mallory, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Nov., 1898).

spleen, in which these seemed to arise in previously necrotic tissue, and of a case of pneumonia due to the pneumococcus, but complicated by the presence of the typhoid bacillus, in which great numbers of phagocytic cells were found in the exudation. The thrombi which occur in the heart and in the veins of the lower extremities, in the course of typhoid fever, probably owe their origiu to the same sort of lesions that cause occlusion of the vessels in the intestine. Histologically, the typhoid process is proliferative, and stands in close relation to tuberculosis; but the lesions are diffuse, and bear no intimate relation to the typhoid bacillus; while the tuberculous process is focal, and stands in the closest relationship to the tubercle-bacillus.

Joseph Longworth Nichols,' from a study of the spinal cord by Nissl's method in typhoid fever and in experimental infection with the typhoid bacillus, concludes as follows: 1. The application of the Nissl method to the study of the motor cells of the cord and the nerve-cells of the dorsal root-ganglia in typhoid fever shows that these cells regularly suffer pathologic changes in the course of the infection. 2. The alterations in the motor cells are more constant and of a severer grade than are those in the cells of the sensory ganglia. The more characteristic changes consist of disintegration, solution, and destruction of the chromatic substance of the cell, starting from the axon-hillock and proceeding toward the nucleus. Coincidently, the nuclei of the affected cells seek the periphery. Alterations are also suffered by the nucleus and nucleolus. In addition to this, the prevailing type of pathologic change, disintegration, etc., of the Nissl bodies situated in the periphery of the cell and in the dendrites is also observed. 3. In experimental infection with typhoid bacilli in rabbits a similar series of lesions in the corresponding nerve-cells in the spinal cord and ganglia is encountered. 4. The main or central type of lesions encountered is identical with that found in man and animals after section, destruction, or even slight injury of the peripheral nerves. 5. The examination of the peripheral nerves arising from the lumbar segment of the cord in rabbits inoculated with typhoid bacilli shows well-marked evidences of parenchymatous degeneration. 6. It is probable that lesions of the peripheral nerves in typhoid fever in human beings are common, and that the posttyphoid hyperesthesias and paralyses are due to this cause. 7. Restitution of the chromatic granules may take place in the affected nerve-cells, the new formation beginning about the nucleus and extending through the protoplasm.

PNEUMOCOCCUS AND DIPLOCOCCUS INTRACELLULARIS.

The Presence of Meningococcus Intracellularis in Suppurative Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.-Axenfeld distinguishes the chief forms of bacteria found in blennorrheal affections as the gonococcus, the pneumococcus, the bacillus of Koch and Weeks, and the diplobacillus of Morax and Axenfeld. Less often may be found the Bacillus coli, the diphtheria-bacillus, and last a form of "intracellular diplococcus," which resembles the gonococcus and does not stain by Gram's method. The last-named has been shown to be a staphylococcus (as Axenfeld suspected). Recently Carl Fränkel, in a 14-year-old child with 1 Jour. Exper. Med., vol. iv., p. 189. 2 Zeit. f. Hyg., vol. xxxi., pt. 2, p. 221.