During the year 1893 there will be two eclipses, both of the sun. 1. A total eclipse of the sun, April 16, invisible in North America, the total phase being visible in South America and Africa. II-An annular eclipse of the sun, October 9, visible only as such in the Pacific Ocean and at Lima, Peru. As a partial eclipse it will be Visible from Alaska to Florida, and west of a line drawn from Savannah to Lincoln, Neb. It begins at Memphis 2:26 p. m.. New-Orleans 2:17, Austin 1:14 (size 1.8 digits); Little Rock 2:06, Topeka 1:32, Kansas City 1:41, Denver 12:16, Salt Lake City 11:21 a. m. (size 4 digits), San Francisco 10:12 a. m. (size 6 digits), Portland, Oregon, 10:15 (size 5 digits). TABLE OF MERIDIAN PASSAGE, RISING AND SETTING OF PLANETS FOR NEW YORK IN 1893. 5 5 12 a.m 6 6 6 5 25 p.m11 28 p.m 5 6 a.m2 46 p.m 10 17 p.m. 11 48 a.m Jan. 1. 9 57 a.m 3 18 a.m 5 20 a.m 4 33 a.m 2 32 a.m 1 47 a.m 7 4 p.m 1 4 a.m 625 p.m[ 0 29 a.m 5 47 p.m 11 47 p.m 5 10 p.m 11 8 p.m 4 33 p.m 10 40 p.m 3 52 p.m) 9 50 p.m 3 16 pm 2 41 p.m 22p.m 1 26 p.m) 0 51 p.m 0 16 p.m) 11 42 a.m 11 7 a.m 7 36 v.m 2 23 p.m 9 14 a.m 8 51 p.m 8 42 a.m 8 31 p.m 8 11 a.m 8 12 p.m 7 38 a.m 748 p.m 7 25 p.m 7 1 p.m 6 35 p.m Rises. 9 13 p.m 8 34 p.ni 7 54 p.m 5 19 a.m 4 59 a.m 8 55 p.m 4 53 a.m 4 46 a.m 1 4 a. 7 16 p.m 641 p.m 6 3 p.l Rises. 5 22 a.m 4 45 a.m 0 19 a.m 4 12 a.m 3 39 a.m 3 5 a.m 5 8 a.m 3 40 a.m 7 02 a.m 11 56 p.n 4 40 a.m 11 30 p.m 5 59 p.m 10 28 a.m THE NEW STANDARD OF TIME. 8 6 a.m 2 29 a.m 7 30 a.m] 1 54 a.m The times given in this almanac are all in mean or local clock time, except the moon's phases. When standard time clocks are faster than local time, the differ ence added to any of the times for rising and setting of the sun and moon. or planets, converts such times into the standard time shown by such clocks, and if slower, must be subtracted. The Eastern standard meridian for the eastern part of the U. S. passes very nearly through Ogdensburg, N. Y.; the Central standard meridian through New-Orleans, and a little west of Chicago; the Mountain meridian through the Rocky Mountains, very near Pike's Peak, Col.; the Pacific standard meridian is near the Pacific Coast, San Francisco being about nine and a half minutes of time west of it. For the several standard meridians themselves the dates of the almanac will be correct. For any place east of any of these standard meridians, and within 72° of it, the times of the rising or setting of any heavenly body, expressed in standard time, may be derived from those given in the almanac by subtracting from the almanac dates one minute of time for every quarter of a degree of longitude that the place is distant from that standard meridian, or four minutes of time for each degree. For a place west of any standard meridian, and within 720 of it, add to the almanac dates one minute of time for each quarter of a degree, or four minutes of time for each degree of distance from that standard. PERPETUAL CALENDAR. SHOWING THE DAY OF THE WEEK OF ANY DATE, OLD STYLE OR NEW, BEFORE OR AFTER CHRIST. EXPLANATION.-Under or over each month will be found the names or abbrevia. tions for the days of the week, arranged in seven different orders or sequences, reading from left to right. These are marked as sequence A. sequence B, and so on. At the right or left of each sequence is given the centurial year of the century for which that sequence may be used-old style dates, or reckonings under the Julian Calendar, marked at the left; new style dates, according to the Gregorian Calendar, at the right; thus 16 at left of se quence D shows that this sequence is to be used for all old style dates from 1600 to 1699, as the date of landing of Pilgrims, Dec 11, 0. S., 1620. At the right of sequence F, 16 shows that this is the sequence for all new style dates in the same period, as the landing of Pilgrims, Dec. 21, 1620. The 18 at right of sequence D indicates this as the one to use for the present century, 1800 to 1899. Above or beneath those sequences are given, for each month, the odd years of the century, from 00 to 99, reading from left to right and so arranged that all the years of a century in which the first of the month falls on a certain day of the week are in the same column. Thus, take the table for January and the sequence for the present century, D, all the years in the first column, 4, 9, 15, 26, etc., are over Sunday in the sequence named; so the 1st of January in all these years is Sunday. In the second column are all the years in which the 1st falls on Monday, and so on. If we bear in mind that the 8th, 15th, 22d and 20th of any month will come on the same day of the week as the 1st, this arrangement gives at once the day of the week of five dates in any month, and from these the day of any other dato in that month can easily be found. Now with a given date. to flud the day of the week, as Aug. 23, 1841. In the table for August find the given year 41; take the sequence in line with the centurial year 18, D, and in this sequence above 41 we find Sunday. The August 1 in that year was Sunday, and the 8th, 15th and 22d must have fallen on Sunday also, and if the 22d was Sunday the 23d was Monday. What day of the week was Dec. 11, 0. S.. 1020? Use sequence D for 1600s O. S. and in this above 20 in December find Friday. Then the 1st and the 8th came on Friday, and the 11th must have been Monday. Take the same date as given, new style, Dec. 21, 1620. Use sequence F for the 1000s N. S. and above 20 find Tuesday, which was the 1st and the 22d, and the 21st was Monday. Then the Pilgrims landed on Monday. If the last Thursday in November, 1885, be Thanksgiving Day, what will be the date? We find that in 1885 the 1st and therefore the 29th of November comes on Sunday; then the preceding Thursday, or Nov. 26th, is the last Thursday, or Thanks. giving Day. This arrangement involves no comparison or distinction further than this: For the months of January and February of centesimal leap years only, as 1600, 2000, etc., by the Gregerian Calendar, the heavy-faced 008 in the first column are to be used, but for centesimal years not leap years the 00s in the second column are required. By the Julian Calendar every centesimal year was leap year; by the Gregorian Caler dar Cnly every fourth centesimal year is a leap year. 1700 0. S. then should be regarded as a leap year, while 1700 N. S. is not. As to the intervals between the times when a given day of the month falls on a certain week-day, as Jan. 1st cn Saturday, this occurred in 1803-14-20-25-31, and so on at intervals of 11, 6, 5 and 6 years, which intervals are repeated and would continue without interruption but for the cmission of leap year in 1900, which will cause an irregularity of 12 years, either in one period, or in two intervals of 6 years each, or in one of 7 and another of 5 years, after which the regular intervals will be successively repeated again. But notice the difference in the grouping of the years under January and February, and that of the other ten months. Take the years in the column in which we find 3 under any other month, and the calendar for those months repeats as fol. lows: 3, 8, 14, 25, 31, showing that the order for an entire year recurs less frequently, as in 3, 14, 25, 31. The order for any leap year is repeated at intervals of 28 years; thus the calendar for 1856 corresponds with that for 1881, and this order would obtain again in 1912 but for the omission of leap year in 1900, by which the interval is extended 12 years and the 29th of February will not fall on Friday again until 1924. The order for any year next succeeding a leap year will be repeated in 6 years, while the ciders for the second and third years folicwing a leap year will be repeated in 11 years. Then the calendar for 81 will be repeated in '87; the order that obtained in '8 will occur again in '93, and that for '83 corresponds with '94. What has been shown as to leap year dates, as Feb. 29th, recurring on the same day of the week, is of course true of Inauguration Day, March 4th, of every fourth year. This came on Sunday in 1821, 1849 and 1877, and if 1900 were a leap year it would occur again in 1905, but owing to that omission it will not recur until 1917. The irregular interval caused by the omission of leap year is sometimes 40 and sometimes 12 days. Under the Julian Calendar established 46 B. C. by Julius Caesar, the calendar for an entire century was repeated every 700 years, and therefore the sequence of days given here for 1700 0. S., G., answers also for the time 700 years earlier, i. e., the century 1000 to 1099; also for the years 300 to 399. In this way the sequences given may cover the time back to the beginning of the Christian Era. Under the Gregorian Calendar the orders are repeated every 400 years and only four of the sequences are required, viz., C, D, E and F; F serving alike for 1600 and 2000, E for 1700 and 100, etc. he sup Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 undertook to reform the Julian Calendar. To correct the errors that had accumulated and to guard against future inaccuracies, pressed ten days and provided for the omission of leap year every centesimai year. excepting every fourth centesimal year. Under the Gregorian Calendar 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not counted as leap years, but 1600 and 2000 are. This calendar was adopted by Germany in 1700 and by England not until 1752, by which time, as 1700 had passed as leap year, the diference amounted to 11 days, and Parliament rectified the error by suppressing 11 days in September of that year. The Julian Calendar stil: prevails in Russia, and as 1800 has passed with them as leap year, the difference between their reckoning and ours is 12 days, so that August 7 in Russia is the same as August 19 with us. A 13 WTH F THF TU WITH F SA SUM 492 878 4951 2838 17 981 2 728 TH SA M TUW SA SUM TU W TH F 62 TH F W (THF SA SUM M TUWTH F SASUM TUW TH 3440 90096 1728 SA SUM TUW TH F 781 780 1728 7884 ២២ SA SUM 17 E M TUW16 F SASUM Tu W Th F ม 3768 COPYRIGHT, 1884, BY WILMOT H. THOMPSON, ORANGE, N. J. NOV'R. OCTOBER. SEPT'R. DEC'K. |