5:02:01

0:38:35

Eve. Eve. Ενθ. Morn. 5:13:49 3:11:55 1:21:50 11:19:57 5:09:53 1:17:54 11:16:01) 3:07:59 5:05:57 3:04:03 1:13:58 11:12:05 1:10:02 3:00:08 11:08:09 4:58:05 2:56:12 1:06:06 11:04:13 4:54:09 2:52:16 1:02:11 11:00:17 4:50:13] 0:58:14 2:48:20 10:56:21 4:46:17 2:44:24 0:54:18 10:52:25 2:40:28 4:42:21 0:50:23 10:48:29] 8:50:32 4:38:25 2:36:32 0:46:27 10:44:33) 8:48:36 4:34:29 2:32:36 0:42:31 10:40:38] 8:44:40 4:30:34 2:28:40 8:40:441 4:26:38 2:24:44 0:34:39 4:22:421 2:20:48 0:30:43 10:28:50 4:18:46) 2:16:53 0:26:47 4:14:50

9:14:08]

Morn. 9:21:59 7:20:06 9:18:03] 7:16:10 7:12:14

Morn.

9:10:12

7:08:18

9:06:16

7:04:22

Morn. Morn. Eve. 3:20:15 1:18:22] 11:16:29) 5:18:13 3:16:20 1:14:26 11:12:33 5:14:17 3:12:24 5:10:21 3:08:28 5:06:25 3:04:32

1:10:30 11:08:37

9:06:44

7:08:47

1:06:35

11:04:41

9:02:48

7:04:51

1:02:39

11:00:46

9:58:52

7:00:55

5:02:29 3:00:36 4:58:33 2:56:40 4:54:37 2:52:44 6:48:39 4:50:41 2:48:48 6:44:43 4:46:46 2:44:52 6:40:47 4:42:50 2:40:56 6:36:51 4:38:54 2:37:00 6:32:55 4:34:58

0:58:43

10:56:50]

9:54:56 6:56:59

2:33:05

8:32:53

6:28:59] 4:31:02

2:29:09

8:39:13 6:41:15

8:35:17

6:37:20

8:31:21

6:33:24

8:27:25

6:29:28

8:23:29 6:25:32

8:11:41

6:13:44

8:15:09 6:13:16 4:15:18 2:13:25 8:11:13 6:09:20 4:11:22 2:09:29 8:07:17 6:05:24 4:07:26 2:05:33 11:59:44 8:03:21 6:01:28 4:03:31 2:01:37 11:55:48 7:59:25 5:57:32 3:59:35 1:57:41 11:51:52 7:55:29 5:53:36 3:55:39 1:53:45 11:47:56 7:51:33 5:49:40 3:51:43 1:49:50 7:47:38 5:45:44 3:47:47 9:42:07 7:43:42 5:41:48 3:43:51 1:41:58 11:36:09 9:38:11 7:39:46 5:37:52 3:39:55 1:38:02 11:32:13] 9:34:16 7:35:50 5:33:56 3:35:59 1:34:06 11:28:17 9:30:20 7:31:54 5:30:01 3:32:03 1:30:10 11:24:21 9:26:24 7:24:30 7:27:58 5:26:05 3:28:07 1:26:14 11:20:25 9:22:281 7:20:35 7:24:021 3:24:11 1:22:18 9:18:32] THE NATIONAL ENSIGN.

On November 13, 1890, Secretary Tracy issued an order that until July 4, 1891, the union of the National ensign and the union jack use in the naval service should be composed of five rows of seven stars and one row of eight stars, to provide for the addi tion of the five new States of North and South Dakota, Montana, Washington and Idaho. In the arrangement space was left for the addition of another star to represent Wyoming, which was added on July 4, 1891. June 14, the anniversary of the adoption of the stars and stripes as the National flag, is now celebrated by the Sons of the American Revolution as Flag Day, by a display of the flag, and the society invites the people of the whole country to follow its example. The official National ensigns of to-ay are of five sizes, the following being the dimensions: 36 feet long, 19 feet wide; 27.2 feet long, 14 1-3 feet wide; 23.1 feet long, 12 1-5 feet wide; 16.9 feet long, 8.9 feet wide; 9 3-4 feet long, 5 1-7 feet wide.

EXPLANATION.-Under or over each month will be found the names or abbreviations for the days of the week, arranged in seven different orders or sequences, reading from left to right.

These are marked as sequence A, sequence B, and so on. At the right or left of each sequence is given the centurial

year of the century for which that sequence may be used-old style dates, or reckonings under the Julian Calendar, marked at the left; new style dates, according to the Gregorian Calendar, at the right; thus 16 at left of sequence D shows that this sequence is to be used for all old style dates from 1600 to 1699, as the cate

of landing of Pilgrims, Dec. 11, O. S., 1620. At the right of sequence F, 16 shows that this is the sequence for all new style dates in the same period, as the landing of Pilgrims, Dec. 21, 1620. The 18 at right of sequence D indicates this as the one to use for the present century, 1800 to 1899.

Above or beneath those sequences are given, for each month, the odd years of the century, from 00 to 99, reading from left to right and so arranged that all the years of a century in which the first of the month falls on a certain day of the week are in the same column. Thus, take the table for January and the sequence for the present century, D, all the years in the first column, 4, 9, 15, 26, etc., are over Sunday in the sequence named; so the 1st of January in all these years is Sunday. In the second column are all the years in which the 1st falls on Monday, and so on. If we bear in mind that the 8th, 15th, 22d and 29th of any month will come on the same day of the week as the 1st, this arrangement gives at once the day of the week of five dates in any month, and from these the day of any other date in that month can easily be found.

Now with a given date to find the day of the week, as Aug. 23, 1841. In the table for August find the given year 41; take the sequence in line with the centurial year 18, D, and in this sequence above 41 we find Sunday. The August 1 in that year was Sunday, and the 8th, 15th and 22d must have fallen on Sun ay also; and if the 22d was Sunday, the 23d was Monday. What day of the week was Dec. 11, O. S., 1620? Use sequence D for 1600s O. S. and in this above 20 in December find Friday. Then the 1st and the 8th came on Friday, and the 11th must have been Monday.

Take the same date as given, new style, Dec. 21, 1620. Use sequence F for the 1600s N. S. and above 20 find Tuesday, which was the 1st and the 22d, and the 21st was Monday. Then the Pilgrims landed on Monday.

If the last Thursday in November, 1885, be Thanksgiving Day, what will be the date? We find that in 1885 the 1st, and therefore the 29th, of November comes on Sunday; then the preceding Thursday, or Nov. 26th, is the last Thursday, or Thanksgiving Day.

This arrangement involves no comparison or distinction further than this: For the months of January and February of centesimal leap years only, as 1600, 2000, etc., by the Gregorian Calendar, the heavy-faced 00s in the first column are to be used, but for centesimal years not leap years the 00s in the secon column are required. By the Julian Calendar every centesimal year was leap year; by the Gregorian Calendar only every fourth cen tesimal year is a leap year. 1700 O. S. then should be regarded as a leap year, while 1700 N. S. is not.

As to the intervals between the times when a given day of the month falls on a certain week day, as Jan. 1st on Saturday, this occurred in 1803-14-20-25-31, and 80 on at intervals of 11, 6, 5 and 6 years, which intervals are repeated and would continue without interruption but for the omission of leap year in 1900, which will

cause an irregularity of 12 years, either in one period, or in two intervals of 6 years each, or in one of 7 and another of 5 years, after which the regular intervals will be successively repeated again. But notice the difference in the grouping of the years un er January and February, and that of the other ten months. Take the years in the column in which we find 3 under any other month, and the calen dar for those months repeats as follows: 3, 8, 14, 25, 31, showing that the order for an entire year recurs less frequently, as in 3, 14, 25, 31. The order for any leap year is repeated at intervals of 28 years; thus the calendar for 1856 corresponds with that for 1884, and this order would obtain again in 1912 but for the omission of leap year in 1900, by which the interval is extended 12 years, and the 29th of February will not fall on Friday again until 1924. The order for any year next succeeding a leap year will be repeated in 6 years, while the orders for the second and third years following a leap year will be repeated in 11 years. Then the calendar for '81 will be repeated in '87; the order that obtained in '82 will occur again in '93, but that for '83 corresponds with '94.

What has been shown as to leap year dates, as Feb. 29th, recurring on the same day of the week, is of course true of Inauguration Day, March 4th, of every fourth year. This came on Sunday in 1821, 1819 and 1877, an if 1900 were a leap year it would occur again in 1905, but owing to that omission it will not recur until 1917. The irregular interval caused by the omission of leap year is sometimes 40 and sometimes 12 days. Under the Julian Calendar, established 40 B. C. by Julius Caesar, the calendar for an entire century was repeated every 700 years, and therefore the sequence of days given here for 1700 O. S., G., answers also for the time 700 years earlier, i. e., the century 1000 to 1099; also for the years 300 to 399. In this way the sequences given may cover the time back to the beginning of the Christian Era. Under the Gregorian Calendar the orders are repeated every 400 years, and only four of the sequences are required, viz., C, D, E and F; F serving alike for 1600 and 2000, E for 1700 and 2100, etc.

Pope Gregory X in 1582 undertook to reform the Julian Calendar. To correct the errors that had accumulated and to guard against future inaccuracies, he suppressel ten days and provided for the omission of leap year every centesimal year, excepting every fourth centesimal year. Under the Gregorian Calendar 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not counted as leap years, but 1600 and 2000 are. This calendar was adopted by Germany in 1700 and by England not until 1752, by which time, as 1700 had passed as leap year, the difference amounted to 11 days, and Parlia ment rectified the error by suppressing 11 days in September of that year. The Julian Calendar still prevails in Russia, an as 1800 has passed with them as leap year, the difference between their reckoning and ours is 12 days, so that August 7 in Russia is the same as August 19 with

us.

(See Page 11.)

age w

17

73

728

33

ล

ོZ ge k2