democracy, and for doing large things in his quiet way. The Christian Register, the Unitarian weekly, said when he retired from the governorship, "He has shown by his example that people of all classes, from teamsters to college presidents, could understand and appreciate modesty, simplicity, honesty and unfaltering devotion to the interests of the people. As he passes out of office, it would be difficult for a stranger to learn by the record of his acts and utterances to what political party he belonged, to what church, and what his attitude in regard to national questions that did not come directly in the line of his personal duty and responsibility.” Prominent men tendered Mr. Crane a testimonial dinner soon after he left the governorship, which was graciously declined. He was gratified by the appreciation, but did not care to face the public laudation. Harvard honored him by conferring the degree of LL.D.

The appointment of Mr. Crane to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of George F. Hoar was made by Governor John L. Bates October 12, 1904. Mr. Crane's term as governor had expired in January, 1903, when Mr. Bates succeeded him, after having served as lieutenant governor during Governor Crane's three terms. Mr. Hoar and Mr. Crane differed widely in their characteristics, the one having the oratorical temperament, legal training and experience in statesmanship, and the other being a born executive and endowed with keen perception and judgment in public affairs. In political opinions the two had agreed. The choice by Governor Bates

was approved by the people at the moment, and time brought ample vindication of it. For oratory Henry Cabot Lodge remained, and his associate brought experience and training along practical lines that strengthened the representation of Massachusetts in Congress and rendered it increasingly effective under conditions unlike the old order in many ways. The one senator supplemented the other. Mr. Lodge was the better educated, more cultivated and brilliant, and had the finer intellectual polish, but Mr. Crane possessed the sounder judgment, the warmer heart, and greater ability in dealing with men and forecasting the future.

On his way to Washington to take up his senatorial duties I found Mr. Crane studying sketches of senators published in the Congressional Record. He sought knowledge of those who were to be his associates, and to find some common meeting ground. He made men his study quite as much as affairs, for on the human factor the accomplishment of things will always depend. In 1910, after Mr. Crane had been six years in the Senate, Samuel G. Blythe, one of the best Washington writers, could say of the junior Massachusetts senator, that he had "more ability, more shrewdness, more potential power than almost any senator", - a verdict in which Washington correspondents of that day joined. Chauncey M. Depew writes in his Autobiography, "One of the wonders of the Senate was Senator W. M. Crane of Massachusetts. He never made a speech. I do not remember he made a motion. Yet he was the most influential member of that body. His wisdom,

tact, his sound judgment, his encyclopedic knowledge of public affairs and of public men made him an authority."

Mr. Depew tells of being made the object of a vicious attack by Senator Jeff Davis of Arkansas, and continues, "When he finished Senator Crane went over to his seat and told him he had made a great mistake, warned him that he had gone so far that I might be dangerous to him personally, but in addition to that, with my ridicule and humor, I would make him the laughing stock of the Senate and the country. Jeff, greatly alarmed, waddled over to my seat and said, 'Senator Depew, I hope you will not take seriously what I have said. I did not mean anything against you. I won't do it again, but I thought you would not care, because it won't hurt you, and it does help me out in Arkansas.' I replied, 'Jeff, old man, if it helps you, do it as often as you like.' Needless to say, he did not repeat."

Mr. Depew does not expound all sides of that incident. It illustrates Mr. Crane's appeal to humor as a solvent for strained situations. One had to watch the play of his features at times to discover when, with serious front, he was jollying somebody. Scarcely one among his friends was spared, and when Mr. Crane's byplays were taken at their seeming face value, the perpetrator laughed infectiously, and was very happy. He was more refined in this kind of fooling than Eugene Field, though at times, with the utmost soberness, both acted like mischievous boys. Not infrequently Mr. Crane had purpose