Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership

The authors propose a method to allow leaders to guide their organizations through periods of change, and; to find new opportunites and options. The use of frames, or multiple perspectives, allows managers to decode organizational complexity and steer the change process. The four perspectives discussed are: ʺ The Structural Frame: how to organize and structure groups and teams to get results ʺ The Human Resource Frame: how to tailor organizations to satisfy human needs, improve human resource management, and build positive interpersonal and group dynamics ʺ The Political Frame: how to cope with power and conflict, build coalitions, hone political skills, and deal with internal and external politics ʺ The Symbolic Frame: how to shape a culture that gives purpose and meaning to work, stage organizational drama for internal and external audiences, and build team spirit through ritual, ceremony, and story.