them. She pleaded for some training which would give every teacher the power to see the individual traits of the children before her.

Dr. Montessori was asked by the University of Rome to deliver a course of lectures on the training of the defective child. From that it was a matter of natural development to place her in charge of such children, to try out her ideas. A class of imbecile, insane, and mentally defective children was gathered from all over Italy. Dr. Montessori worked with them, day after day, leading them out of the darkness of their abnormality. At the end of two years she won a notable triumph; her defective children took an examination with normal children from the public schools of Rome and passed with honors, to the amazement of everybody but Dr. Montessori. The amazed cry was:

Associated with Dr. Bell in the experiments at Washington are a number of

eminent men and women, giving liberally of their time to thoroughly try out the ideas for which such high claims are made. Among these men and women are S. S. McClure, the magazine publisher; Mrs. William Pierson Hamilton, daughter of J. Pierpont Morgan; Roberts Walker, President of the Rock Island Railroad Company; and Prof. 'William H. Maxwell, Superintendent of the Public Schools of Greater New York. Among the children upon whom the experiment is being made is the two-yearold daughter of Walter L. Fisher, Secretary of the Interior in President Taft's cabinet.

The first Montessori school established in this country was set up in Tarrytown, New York. There, among the children of the

"Montessori has made the idiot into a man." But Dr. Montessori knew better; she shook her head and replied: "No, I have merely shown that the normal child has been repressed and suffocated until the defective child has caught up."

After that, Dr. Montessori set about to perfect her system so that the normal

wealthy, Dr.

Montessori's

American translator, Miss Anne George, set about to dem

onstrate the new methods. It is Miss George who is in charge of the present school in Dr. Bell's Washington home. She has the distinction of being the first American woman to study under Dr. Montessori. She was the only foreigner in a class of sixty, representing thirteen different religious beliefs. She was

called "The Pilgrim Sister" because of the long journey she had made to sit at the feet of the eminent Dotoressa. As a result of two years' teaching Montessori schools in Tarrytown and Washington, Miss George unequivocally declares that the Montessori methods and materials are more effective with the American child than with the Italian and that the system is the only natural and highly effective way of leading the child into self-development and self-learning.

The Montessori method, as applied in the American schools, is based on individual liberty and freedom. Each child in the class

Graham Bell on Connecticut Avenue. The children are allowed to take from the shelves whatever material they wish and to play, "or work," with it as long

as they choose. It may be that one youngster will play with one kind. of material all day long, although his little neighbor uses a half dozen .or even a dozen different things. Should anyone tire, he is allowed to wander from the room

is studied and considered as an individiual, not merely as a a component part of the whole; while he is left to develop himself, practically without discipline, save the unseen moral suasion of loving tenderness and care. "The best pedagogical influence is indirect," declares Dr. Montessori, and so she has her teachers merely show the child the "sense-shocking" materials, give a little idea of how they are worked, and then leave them to their own resources.

There are no regular class hours, no daily tasks, no driving whatever in the classroom in the home of Alexander

(wherever possible the Montessori school opens on a garden or court, where there is plenty of sun and fresh air) and no one says him nay, save when he interferes with some one else.

The Montessori elect consider a school well disciplined when every child can move about and get his material or put it away in an orderly, happy manner, and, when he feels like it, stop and rest in the same orderly and happy way, without disturbing anybody. The Montessori theory is that discipline must have as its limit the comfort and convenience of the child, and that it must check in him any action which tends to rough and ill-bred habits. Further than this the Montessori teachers do not exert themselves to maintain "order," as it is known in the ordinary school room. In the schools of Miss George there may be heard the happy buzz of the children working with their exercises, talking or humming to themselves, or moving about to get new material.

Miss George delights to tell of the little son of a prominent Washington official who did absolutely nothing the first three days he was in her school but tie bright colored ribbons into bows on

BONES OF WARFARE 13 THESE are the bones of thou

sands of innocent victims of one of the most desperate warfares that was ever waged in the United States. This warfare went on for five years between the cattlemen and sheepmen of the State of Wyoming. All the northwest portion of that State is made up of this sort of country that makes an ideal cattle country. It was first settled by cattlemen. Later sheepmen began to encroach, and since that time the feeling between the two interests has been most bitter, sometimes leading to bloodshed. Even to the present the old feud is to be found in politics and Senator Warren, for example, is opposed for his post by a cattleman of the opposite faction.

But to return to the bones. They are not those of cowboys or sheepherders who fought to the death, but of the innocent sheep that caused all the trouble and that were sacrificed. It was in 1899, that a deadline was laid down beyond which sheep should not encroach into the cattle

country. In 1901, however, the sheepmen crossed the deadline in the face of warnings not to do so. Bodies of cowboys were organized and these charged the sheep camps, put their guardians to rout, burned the wagons, and, finding the sheep in their corrals, clubbed them to death by the thousand. These bones mark the sites of the old corrals.

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HEN the staunch motor boat Detroit set out from the city whose name it bore with St. Petersburg, Russia, as its final destination, wiseacres shook their heads at the idea of so diminutive a craft, propelled by a gasoline engine, being able to make the voyage.

But the croaking prophets were mistaken. For while the Detroit was buffeted about by wind and wave until at times the doughty mariners confessed sharing the fears of the wiseacres, the launch it was little more-poked its nose into Queenstown harbor, with scarcely a sign of hard usage, just twenty-one days and sixteen hours after setting out from New York. This was the longest continuous trip ever made by a motor boat, and until then regarded as an impossibility, if for nothing else than the inability to carry a sufficient supply of fuel.

The Detroit was not designed for beauty, strength and seaworthiness being the chief considerations. It was thirtyfive feet over all, with nine-foot beams, five-foot six-inch draft, and a displace

ment of about twelve tons when fully equipped and loaded. It had a twocylinder two-cycle motor developing sixteen horsepower, and capable of driving the boat a trifle more than six miles an hour. In addition it was fitted with a thirty-two foot mast and sufficient sail if occasion should arise.

The question of fuel supply was solved through the installation of seven tanks, with a combined capacity of 1,233 gallons of gasoline, two of these tanks being located on deck amidships, the rest in the hold. With a volcano like this under foot, every precaution had to be taken. to guard against fire. Captain Day was the only man to carry matches, and smoking was positively prohibited. Cooking was done on a stove heated from the exhaust to the engine, the device proving entirely satisfactory. Only once on the entire trip was there danger from fire, and then the blaze was extinguished before any harm resulted.

A few days out from New York, the Detroit was caught in a blow, and the shaking up revealed the fact that the 250-gallon fresh water tanks had not been properly cleaned before filling, the

stock becoming brackish. Once on the voyage a big transatlantic liner was halted and requisitioned for a supply of drinking water. Aside from this, and continued rough weather that repeatedly sent even the most seasoned to their bunks, no inconvenience was experienced by the three men who assisted the captain as crew. The boat did not prove to be a good runner in heavy seas, but it made up for all this when it came to lying to and riding heavy seas. The low midship deck proved a defect, for the boat shipped water on slight provocation, although this did not interfere with the motor's operation.

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The Detroit cleared from Detroit, run