ry, they were in the highest degree prejudiced against it. They could not separate in their mind the idolatrous from the innocent use of things in themselvesconfessedlyindifferent: and they ran into the common error of imputing effects to concomitant circumstances, rather than radical causes. Even a Dissenter would now confess that Popery is no necessary adjunct, either to a square cap or a surplice; and that when we kneel, we no more adore the elements than they do when they sit. 2. The intervention of Queen Mary's reign, which gave to the reformed Church of England, like another Hercules, a serpent to contend with in its cradle, humanly speaking, produced the worst effects. It inevitably gave to Elizabeth's forcible methods (though how different!) of establishing the reformation, the same complexion to unwary observers that Mary's previously had in abolishing it. The violence of intolerant Protestantism had a most ill look after that of persecuting Popery: whilst the comparative lenience of the former rather fostered than repressed trivial scruples, and we believe, on the whole, left the balance in favour of the persecuted party, as to general profit and esteem. Protestantism was no game at all to play under Mary. Nonconformity was not a bad game to play under Elizabeth and her successors.

3. But the most fatal of all the secondary causes of mischief was, that connection established with the continental Reformers, particularly those of Geneva, during the reign of Mary. Our travelled English divines, who perhaps had better have stayed at home, and wielded the sword of the Spirit by the side of their suffering brethren, returned so strongly prejudiced in favour of the new discipline, and of all the light and liberty they had enjoyed in those halcyon days of free religious converse and worship, that nothing else could satisfy

them. They associated religion with Calvin's institutions, and nothing else. Every thing was flat and stale-in other words, popish and anti-Christian-that was not on that model. And though the testimony of many wise Reformers abroad was given again and again in favour of things, as they stood in England, rather than hazard all in a new change, still that change must be made, or Puritans would be Puritans still. They could not see how wholly inapplicable the discipline of Frankfort, Strasburg, Geneva, or Zurich, was to such an extended, diversified, and free, perhaps licentious kingdom as England: nor that it was little short of a miracle, to have Calvinists in doctrine at the head of affairs, unless they could have Calvinists in discipline too. They learnt that most pernicious of all heresies, in ecclesiastical policy, the habit of tampering with the civil government: and crude sophisms deduced from the Judaical state, worked imperceptibly in their system, till they finally burst forth in the guilt of rebellion and regicide. Let the documents even of Queen Elizabeth's reign be fairly consulted; let the commendations of Wyatt's rebellion in the preceding reign be considered; let the various positions of Knox, Goodman, and others, be properly weighed; and little doubt will remain how early and how deeply this political leaven began to work. The Bible was made to serve a purpose it never was intended to serve. And in the rejection of all human wisdom, all ecclesiastical authority, all primitive examples, (which it is true had been much abused by the Papists), they devised from the Scriptures alone a new wisdom of their own; set up as supreme, their own self-constituted authority; and gave a fresh and grand, but negative, example of zeal without pru. dence, loyalty without obedience, purity without peace, and religion without amity.

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the Emperor of Russia. In Poland, it is asserted, that a copy of the Bible is scarcely to be obtained at any price. Mr. Pinkerton, before he left Warsaw, made arrangements for the distribution of 250 Polish Bibles, and 500 New Testaments, as well as of a number of German Testaments and Bibles.

The societies above enumerated, were established in less than three months after the last annual meeting. At the meetings convened for the purpose, the greatest joy and harmony prevailed; and from the rank, abilities, and respectability of the presidents, vicepresidents, and directors, there is every reason to hope their example will have an extensive influence, and their exertions a most beneficial effect. The Committee have granted 3001. to the Berg Bible Society, and 500l. to each of the four other societies: and they have since granted 1001. to the Auxiliary Bible Society at Potsdam; and the like sum to the Saxon Bible Society, for promoting an edition of the New Testament in the Wendish dialect, for the use of the poor Wendes or Vandals in Lusatia.

RUSSIA.

The Bible Society at St. Petersburg has now assumed the title of "The Russian Bible Society." The proceedings of this institution, formed under the patronage of his imperial majesty, and superintended by a nobleman not less distinguished by his piety and abilities than by his high rank, are conducted with a zeal and energy which promise substantial benefits to the Russian empire. The great object of its exertions is, to distribute a large number of copies of the holy Scripture at the lowest rate: its committee is now printing them in seven different languages, while the committees of its auxiliary societies are printing them in several other dialects. The number of Bibles and Testaments now printing by the Russian Bible Society is stated at 92,000 copies.

The Moscow Bible Society, which almost rivals that at St. Petersburg in the number of contributors, has undertaken an edition of 5000 Bibles and 5000 Testaments in the Slavonian language, for the use of the native Russians; the printing of the latter is nearly finished. In 260 years, not more than 50,000 copies of the Slavonian Bible have been printed. This Society has also undertaken, at its own expense, the printing

of 5000 copies of the Georgian New Testament. A set of Georgian types, which escaped the conflagration of Moscow, has been discovered: and this work is now in progress, under the superintendance of the Georgian Metropolitan Ion, and Archbishop Pafnut, both residing at Moscow.

The Society at Dorpat has established a Bible Association in every parish, under the direction of the Pastor. This has been found a most efficient plan for promoting its success among the common people.

The Societies at Mittan and Riga are printing 14,000 Lettish New Testa ments, and the Society at Revel an edi tion of the Bible in the Revelian Esthonian dialect. To the Societies of Mittau, Riga, Dorpat, and Revel, 1000 copies of the German New Testament have been ordered from St. Petersburg, at the expense of the British and Foreign Bible Society.

The Committee have granted the sum of 2001. to the Russian Auxiliary Society, formed at Arensberg, the capital of Oesel, for that and the neighbouring islands. The scarcity of the Scriptures is so great in these parts, "that even some, who are teachers of others, are destitute of a Bible."

The printing of the Persian New Testament, translated by the late revered Henry Martyn, is printing at St. Petersburgh, from a copy brought thither by Sir Gore Ousely, Bart., Ambassador from his Majesty to the Court of Persia, who has undertaken to superintend the press. The zeal, learning, piety, and diligence of Mr. Martyn, afford the most satisfactory assurance of the accuracy of this translation. A singular testimony in its favour has already appeared in the interesting letter of the King of Persia, to Sir Gore Ousely. Under the countenance of this sovereign, the Persian New Testament will probably be extensively read; and the western provinces of Persia, now subject to Russia, afford a wide field for its circulation. The Committee have as sisted this work by a grant of 3001.

Intelligence from the Crimea authorises the hope, that the Tartar New Testament, printed at Karass, will prove a blessing to the Mohammedans in that quarter. A Mufti, to whom a Tartar New Testament had been presented, accepted it with gratitude: he has be come an annual subscriber of fifty rubles to the Society at St. Petersburg,