8 ΙΟ I 2 ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE RULE OF THE CON- THAT THE CONSTITUTION IS NOT SELF-EXTENDING THAT THE Constitution IS NOT EFFECTIVE BEYOND THE 43 CHARTER GERMAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY FRENCH PROTECTORATE OVER MADAGASCAR UN TY CHAPTER I THE ANNEXATION OF THE PHILIPPINES LON THE SPANISH TITLE ONG ago, Spain became entitled to the Philippine Islands in accordance with the public law of the period respecting the discovery and occupation of land. The application of this law in America has been described by Chief Justice Marshall in terms pertinent in regard to the Indies: "On the discovery of this immense continent, the great nations "of Europe were eager to appropriate to themselves 'so much of it as they could respectively acquire. "Its vast extent offered an ample field to the ambi"tion and enterprise of all and the character and "religion of its inhabitants afforded an apology for "considering them as a people over whom the superior genius of Europe might claim an ascendancy, The "potentates of the old world found no difficulty in convincing themselves that they made ample com"pensation to the inhabitants of the new by bestowing on them civilization and Christianity in "exchange for unlimited independence. But, as they "were all in pursuit of nearly the same object, it was 'necessary, in order to avoid conflicting settlements "and consequent war with each other, to establish a "principle which all should acknowledge as the law "by which the right of acquisition, which they all |