ORATORICAL AND POETICAL GESTURES 22. This engraving represents the larynx, or vocal box, at 1, near the top of the wind-pipe, 2; the bronchial tubes, or branches of the trachea. 3, 4, going to each lung; the left lung.s whole; the substance of the right one is removed, to shov the ramifications of the bronchial twigs, terminating in the air-cells, 7, 7, 8, like leaves on the trees. The bronchi al tubes are? the three branches of the wind XI 24. Here is a front view o the Vocal Organs. e is the top of the wind-pipe, and within and a little above d is the larynx, or vocal box, where all voice sounds are made: the two horns at the top, represent the upper extremities of the thyroid cartilage: the tubes up and down, and transverse, are Blood-vessels: beware of having anything tigh around the neck, also of bending the neck much, impeding the free circulation of the blood, and determining it to the head. 23. Here is a horizontal view of the Glottis: N, F, are the arytenoid cartilages, connected with the chordæ vocales, (vocal cords, or ligaments,) T, V, stretching across from the top of the arytenoid to the point of the thyroid cartilage: these cords can be elongated, and enlarged to produce lower souris, and contracted and diminished for righer ones: and, at the same time, separated from each other, and allowing more condensed air to pass for the former purposes; or brought nearer together, to favor the latter: there are a great many muscles attached to the larynx, to give variety to the modifications a voice in speech and song. ง Anecdote. Plai-defines man-"An animal, having two legs, and no feathers." This very imperfect description attracted the ridicule of Di-og-e-nes; who, wittily, and in derision, introduced to his school-a fowl, stripped of its feathers, and contemptuously asked,-"Is this Plato's man ?" 1. THIS SYSTEM unfolds the true Philoso- in, where-on, where-with, &c. : also, in the conpay of MIND and VOICE, in accordance with traction of ever and never,-as where-e'er I gc, the nature of Man, and the structure of Lan-where-e'er I am, I ne'er shall see thee more. guage. The Elements are first presented; "How blest is he, who ne'er consents, By ill adthen, the common combinations, followed by vice to walk." the more difficult ones; all of which are to be practiced in concert, and individually, after the Teacher. These exercises essentially aid in cultivating the Voice and Ear, for all the objects of Speech and Song: while the Principles and Practice tend to develop and perfect both mind and body, agreeably to the Laws, that should govern them. The Vowels must first be mastered, then the Consonants; and the exercises interspersed with reading, and rigid criticism on the Articulation and Pronunciation. N. B. The words printed in italics and CAPITALS, are more or ess emphatic; though other words may be made so, according to the desired effect: the dash (-) indicates a pause for inhalation: connecting words are sometimes excepted. Notes. 1 Don't caricature this sound of a and e before r, by giving it undue stress and quantity, in such words as-air (ay-ur,) pa-rent, (pac-rent,) dare, (day-ur,) chair, there, where, &c., por give it a flat sound, as some do to e in leat, pronouncing it blaat. To give this sound properly, separate the teeth an inch, project the lips, and bring forward the corners of the mouth, like a funnel. 2. It would be just as proper in prose, to say, wherecever I go, where-eever I am, I never shall see thee more; as to say in poetry, where-car I am, I near shall see thee more. 3. E in weight, whry, (i, y, gh are silent,) and a in age, whale, &c., are just alike in sound; and as this sound of a does not occur anong First, its natural, or regular sounds, as classed by our orthoepists, it is called “irregular ;" i. e. it borrows this name sound of a; or is sounded like it. 4. Some fry to make a distinction between a 19 fate, and a in fair, calling it a medial sound: which error is ow. ing to t being an abrupt element, and r, a prolonged one: but no one can make a good sound of it, either in speech or song, whea thus situated, by giving it a sound unlike the name sound of a; be ware of unjust prejudices and prepossessions. I say na-shun-al, ra-shun-al, &c., for the same reason that I say no-tional and de-votional; because of analogy and effect. [A is ALE.] 2. A has four regular sounds: Nume sound, or long: ALE; ate, a-zure; rare a-pri-cots; scarce pu-tri-ots; fair bracelets for la-tent mus-ta-ches; hai-ry ma-gi and sa-pi-ent liter-a-ti for pa-trons; na-tion-al ra-ter-er for ra-di-a-ted stamens, and sa-li-ent pas-try with the ha-lo gra-tis; the ra-tion-al plain-tiff tears the cambric, and dares the stairs for the sa-vor of cui-sins; they drain the cane-brakes and take the bears by the nape of the neck; the may-or's oray-er to Mayn-ton Sayre is-to be-ware of he snares pre-par'd for the matron's shares: -men has both syllables accented; but it should never be pronounced ah-men (2d a,) aor aw-men. 3. Position. Sit, or stand erect, with the shoulders thrown back, so as to expand the chest, prevent the body from bending, and facilitate full and deep breathing. Open the mouth wide enough to admit two fingers, side-wise, between the teeth, and keep the lips free and limber, that the sounds may flow with clearness and precision; nor let there be too much, nor too little moisture in the mouth. A piece of hard wood, or ivory, an inch, or an inch and a half long, of the size of a pipe stem, with a notch in each end, if placed between the teeth. perpendicularly, while practicing, will be found very useful in acquiring the habit of opening wide the mouth. Proverbs. 1. Accusing-is proving, when malice and power sit as judges. 2. Adversitymay make one wise, but not rich. .3. Idle folks of his own fortune. 5. Fine feathers make fine -take the most pains. 4. Every one is architect birds. 6. Go into the country to hear the news of the town. 7. He is a good orator-who convinces himself. 8. If you cannot bite, never show your teeth. 9. Lawyers' houses-are built on the heads of fools. 10. Little, and often, fill the purse. 11. Much, would have more, and lost all. 12. Practice-makes perfect. The Bible-requires, in its proper deiwery, the most extensive practical knowledge of the principles of elocution, and of all the compositions in the world; a better impres sion may be made, from its correct reading, than from the most luminous commentary. Varieties. 1. Love what you ought to do, and you can easily do it;-oiled wheels run freely. 2. Cicero says, that Roscius, a Roman orator, could express a sentence in as many different ways by his gestures, as be himself could by his words. 3. Why is the letter A, like a honey-suckle? Because a b follows it. 4. Never speak unless you have 4. E has this sound in certain words; among have done. 5. The most essential rule in desomething to say, and always stop when you which are the following ere, ere-long; feint heirs; the hei-nous Bey pur-reys a bo-quet; education should be adapted to the full delivery is-Be natural and in earnest 6. Our (bo-ka;) they rein their prey in its ey-ry, and pay their freight by weight; hey-dey! o-bey the velopment of body and mind. 7. Truth can eyre, and do o-bei-sance to the Dey; they sit never contradict itself; but is eternal and im. lete-a-tate (ta-tah-tate, at trey: also, there mutable-the same in all ages: the states of and where, in all their compounds,-there-at, men's reception of it—are as various as the there-by, there-fore, there-in, there-on, there-principles and subjects of natural creation. with, where-at, where-by, where fore, where- As good have no time, as make bad use of it. BRONSON. 2 5 Elocutim-is an Art, that teaches me how within-out; not from without-in. The to inanifest my feelings and thoughts to beautiful rose-does not grow by accretion, others, in such a way as to give them a true like the rocks; its life flows into it through idea, and expression of how, and what, I feel the nutriment, imbibed from the earth, the and think; and, in so doing, to make them air, and the water, which are incorporated feel and think, as I do. Its object is, to enable with the very life-blood of the plant as a me me to communicate to the hearers, the whole dium: it is a manifestation of the LIFE that truth, just as it is; in other words, to give me fills all things, and flows into all things. acthe ability, to do perfect justice to the subject, cording to their various forms. The analogy to them, and to myself: thus, involving the holds good as it respects the human mind; philosophy of end, cause, and effect,-the cor- tho' vegetables are matter, and mind-is respondence of affection, thoughts and words. spirit; the former is of course much more 6. The second sound of A is grave, confined than the latter. The powers of the or Italian. Aн; alms, far; pamind-must be developed by a power from pa calms ma-ma, and comwithin, and above itself; and that is the best mands Charles to craunch the education, which will accomplish this most al-monds in the haun-ted paths; rapidly, and effectually, in accordance with his ma-ster de-man-ded a the laws of God,-which always have referhaunch of par-tridge of fa- \ ence to the greatest good and the most truth. ther; aunt taun-ted the laundress for salve from the bana-na tree; Jar-vis farms sar-sa-pa-ril-la in A-mer-i-ca; ma-nil-la balm is a charm to halve the qualms in Ra-ven-na; he a-bides in Chi-na, and vaunts to have saun-tered on the a-re-na, to guard the vil-la hearths from harm-ful ef-flu-vi-a; they flaun-ted on the 80fa, ar-gu-ing for Quarles' psalms, and for-muProverbs. 1. A burden that one chooses, is la for jaun-dice in Mec-ca or Me-di-na; a not felt. 2. A guilty conscience needs no accucalf got the chol-e-ra in Cu-ba, and a-rose to ser. 3. After-wit is every body's wit. 4. Enough run the gaunt-let for the ayes and noes in A--is as good as a feast. 5. All is but lip wisdom, cel-da-ma. [A in FAR.] Anecdote. A clergyman, whose turn it was to preach in a certain church, happening to get wet, was standing before the session. room fire, to dry his clothes; and when his colleague came in, he asked him to preach for him; as he was very wet. "No Sir, I thank you;" was the prompt reply: "preach yourself; you will be dry enough in the pulpit." that wants experience. 6. Better bend, than break Out of debt, out of danger. 9. Wade not in tnknown waters. 10. Do what you ought, and lei come what will. 11. Empty vessels make the greatest sound. 12. Pause, before you fudlow an 7. In making the vowel sounds, by expel-7. Children and fools often speak the truth. 8 ling them, great care must be taken, to convert all the breath that is emitted, into pure sound, so as not to chafe the internal surface of the throat, and produce a tickling, or hoarseness. The happier and freer from re-example. straint, the better: in laughing, the lower muscles are used involuntarily; hence the adage, laugh, and be fat.' In breathing, reading, speaking, and singing, there should be no rising of the shoulders, or heaving of the vosom; both tend to error and ill health. Beware of using the lungs, as it is said; let them act, as they are acted upon by the lower muscles. Notes. 1. This, strictly speaking, is the only natural sound in all languages, and is the easiest made: it merely requires the under jaw to be dropped, and a vocal sound to be produced: all other vowels are derived from it; or, rather, are modifications of it. 2. When a is an article, i. e. when used by itself, it always has this sound, but must not be accented; as, "a man saw a horse and a sheep in a meadow:" except as contrasted with the, as, "I eard the man, not a man." 3. When a forms an unaccented syl Natural and Spiritual Since we are possessed of both body and soul, it is of the first importance that we make use of natural and spiritual means for obtaining good; i.e. natural and spiritual truths. Our present and eternal destines--should ever be kept in mind; and that, which is of the greatest moment, receive the principal attention: and, since death-is only a continuation of life, our eduration should be continuous: both states of Jeing will be best attended to, when seen and attended to in connection. Varieties. 1. Horses will often do more for a whistle, than a whip: as some youth are best governed by a rod of love. 2. Why is a bankrupt like a clock? Because he must &-word, a-way, &c. 4. It has a similar sound at the end of words, either stop, or go on tick. 3. True reading sither with, or without an h: as, No-ah, Han-nah, Sa-rah, Afriis true exposition. 4. Conceive the intenca. A-mer-i-ca, i-o-ta, dog-ma, &c. Beware of saying, No-er, Sa iable, it has this mound: as, a-wake, a-bide, a-like, & ware, a-tone, ry, &c. 5. It generally has this sound, when followed by a single in the same syllable: as, ar-son, ar-tist, &c.; also in star-ry, (full cf stars,) and tar-ry, (besmeared with tar.) tions of the author, and enter into the charac ter. 5. The sciences and mechanical arts are the ministers of wisdom, not the end. 6. Do Education. The derivation of this word we love our friends more when present, or -will assist us in understanding its mean- absent? 7. All natural truths, which respect ing; it being composed of the Latin word the works of God in creation, are not only real e-du-co, to lead or draw out. All develop-natural truths, but the glasses and containing ments, sot of matter and spirit, are from principles of spiritual ones. 8. The means to be used, thus to make | to describe them to others with as muen ac known my feelings and thoughts, are tones, curacy as we do any external objects, which words, looks, actions, expression, and silence: we have seen with our material eyes. whence it appears, that the body is the grand medium of communication between myself and others; for by and through the body, are tones, words, looks, and gestures produced. Thus I perceive, that the mind, is the active agent, and the body, the passive agent; that this is the instrument, and that the perforner: here I see the elements of mental and vocal philosophy. 9. The third sound of A is broad: ALL, wall, auc-tion, aus-pice; his vaul-ting daugh-ter haul'd the dau-phin in the sauce-pan; the pal-try sauce-box waltz'd in the ten-sau-cer; al-be-it, the mawk-ish au-thor, dined on nau-se-ous sau-sa-ges; the auburn pal-frey draws lau-rel plau-dits; his naughty dwarf got the groat through the fau-cit; he thwar-ted the fal-chion and salted the shawl in false wa-ter; the law-less gaw-ky got in-stall'd in the au-tumn, and de-frau-ded the green sward of its bal-dric awn-ing. [A in ALL.] Anecdote. Wild Oats. After the first speech, made by the younger Pitt, in the House of Commons, an old member sarcastically remarked,-"I apprehend that the young gentleman has not yet sown all his wild oats." To which Mr. Pitt politely replied, in the course of an elaborate and eloquent rejoinder, "Age has its privilege; and the gentleman him self-affords an ample illustration, that I re tain food enough for GEESE to pick." Proverbs. !. A calumny, tho' known to be such, generally leaves a stain on the reputation. 2. A blow from a frying pan, tho' it does not hurt, sullies. 3. Fair and softly, go sure and far. 4. Keep your business and conscience well, and they will be sure to keep you well. 5. A man knows no more, to any purpose, than he practices. 6. Bells call others to church, but enter not themselves. 7. Revenge a wrong by forgiving it. 8. Venture not all you have at once. 9. Examine your accounts and your conduct every night. 10. Call me cousin, but don't cozen me. 11. Eaglesfly alone, but sheep flock together. 12. It is good to begin well, but better to end well. 10. CURRAN, a celebrated Irish orator, pre- Theology includes all religions, both sents us with a signal instance, of what can heathen and christian; and comprehends be accomplished by assiduity and persever- the study of the Divine Being, his laws ance: his enunciation was so precipitate and and revelations, and our duty towards Him confused, that he was called "stuttering Jack and our neighbor. It may be divided into Curran." To overcome his numerous de- four grand divisions; viz. Paganism, Mahomfects, he devoted a portion of every day to edanism, Judaism, and Christianity. The reading and reciting aloud, slowly, and dis-study of Theology is the highest and noblest tinctly, some of the most eloquent extracts in in which we can be engaged: but a mere our language: and his success was so com-theoretical knowledge, like the sunbeam on vlete, that among his excellencies as a speak- the mountain glacier, may only dazzle-to er, was the clearness of his articulation, and | blind; for, unless the heart is warmed with an appropriate intonation, that melodized love to God, and love to man, the coldness every sentence. Notes. 1. To make this sound, drop and project the jaw, and shape the mouth as in the engraving: and when you wish to produce a very grave sound, in speech or song, in addition to the above, swell the windpipe, (which will elongate and enlarge the vocal chords,) and form the voice as low as possible in the larynx; for the longer and larger these chords are, the graver will be the voice: also, practice making sounds, while exhaling aud inhaling, to deepen the tones. This sound is broader than the German a. and barrenness of eternal death will reign in the soul: hence, the all of Religion relates to life; and the life of Religion is-to do good -for the sake of good. Varieties. He, who studies books alone, will know how things ought to be; and he who studies men, will know how things are 2. If you would relish your food, labor for it; if you would enjoy your raiment, pay for it before you wear it; if you wonld sleep sound 20 sometimes has this sound: I thought he caught the cough, when be bought the cloth; he wrought, fought, and sought, but talked naught. 3. Beware of adding any after us, as lawr, jawr, ap-palled at the thral-dom of Walter Raleigh, who was al-mostly, take a clear conscience to bed with yon. fawr, &c. 4. The italic a m the following, is broad. All were aald-ed in the cal-dron of boiling water. 3. The more we follow nature, and obey her Habits of thought. Thinking is to the laws, the longer shall we live; and the farmind what digestion is to the body. We ther we deviate from them, the sooner we may heur, read, and talk, till we are gray; shall die. 4. Always carry a few proverbs but if we do not think, and analyze our sub- with you for constant use. 5. Let compuljects, and look at them in every aspect, and sion be used when necessary; but deception see the ends, causes, and effects, they will be-never. 6. In China, physicians are always of little use to us. In thinking, however, we must think clearly and without confusion, as we would examine objects of sight, in order to get a perfect idea of them. Thinking-is spiritually seeing; and we should always think of things so particularly as to be able under pay, except when their patrons are Nature-is but a name for an effect, |