1863.

Wadsworth's division of the First Corps began the fray by meeting Heth at Willoughby Run. Doubleday, who commanded the corps, says, that "at about half-past seven in the morning" Wadsworth "was under way (Wadsworth had about four miles to march). Mr. E. B. Garison, one of Buford's scouts, quotes from his note-book that "the first infantry was on the ground at 9.15 A.M."

With the information Reynolds had, is it possible that he allowed Wadsworth to linger by the wayside? Robinson's division was camped from five to six miles from Gettysburg. The Twelfth Massachusetts struck tents at four A.M., but have no record of the hour of marching. The Thirteenth Massachusetts officially report that they "marched at six A.M." The Eleventh Pennsylvania say,

"Robinson's division was three miles to the rear when the first artillery report broke the stillness of the morning air." 1

Did not the infantry battle on July 1 commence as early as nine A.M.?

5. How many troops were engaged?

On the Union side, until after one P.M., there was only Buford's cavalry (seven regiments), 2,200; and the First Corps, stated by Doubleday to number 8,200 men.

After one P.M. came the Eleventh Corps (7,400); total, 17,800. No other troops fought on the Union side on July 1.

The Confederates began the battle with Heth's division, admitted by Heth to have been "7,000 muskets." Then came in Pender, who, with more regiments, must have equalled Heth's strength. Enter Rodes, whose official report says 8,000 men; last comes Early, who says he brought 5,000 more. Total, 27,000. Fitz-Hugh Lee thinks about 22,000."

Did the Eleventh Corps fight on July 1?

One brigade and a battery were left on Cemetery Hill, so two divisions and part of the third are all of the Eleventh Corps to be considered.

Schimmelpfenning's division (ten regiments) met Dole's Georgia brigade (four regiments). Dole's brigade be

1 Story of the Regiment, p. 226.

1863. longed to Rodes's division, which was not actively engaged after the first day. Dole's loss for the three days was 241, or 17 per cent. Barlow's division (eight regiments) faced Gordon's brigade (six regiments) of Early's division. Early admits that Gordon lost 378, or 31 per cent. Major Daniel, of Early's staff, declares, that “where Barlow was aligned lay a line of wounded and dead men who had fallen as they stood, and in their midst lay Barlow himself sorely stricken."

The only remaining Eleventh-Corps troops who were engaged were three regiments of Costar's brigade. They met the brigades of Hoke (three regiments) and Hays (five regiments). Early says the joint loss of Hoke and Hays was 208, a little more than 7 per cent.

The provost guard of the Twelfth Corps claim to have collected 1,500 fugitives from the Eleventh Corps miles in rear of the field.

7. Something delayed those Confederate divisions, and made it after three P.M. when the town of Gettysburg fell into Lee's hands. We have seen that the rebel loss in front of the Eleventh Corps was 827.

Heth admits that his division "lost 2,700 men in killed and wounded." Pender and Rodes fared as badly. Parts of three brigades and several battle-flags were captured by the Union troops in that vicinity, none of whom wore the crescent badge of the Eleventh Corps. For what services rendered did Howard receive the thanks of Congress?

If the ground was chosen at all, it was chosen by Buford and Reynolds, and the choice confirmed by Hancock, who came up at the close of the battle. The fight was made by the First Corps and Buford's cavalry: the retreat was caused by the inability of Howard's twenty-six regiments to keep eighteen Confederate regiments off of the right flank of the First Corps.

The John Burns story is familiar, but the Twelfth had a John Burns all to itself: for a boy about sixteen years of age followed the regiment from Emmettsburg, and went into the battle with Company A; wounded in two places, he was taken to hospital, and never more heard from. His very name is unknown, for he was never mustered into service.

1863. July 17.

July 18.

July 19.

July 20.

July 22.

July 23.

July 25.

CHAPTER IX.

THE FALL OF 1863.-MINE RUN.

DURING the afternoon pontoons were laid across the

Potomac.

Marched at four A.M. At six A.M. the regiment was again in Virginia. Camped at Waterford after a twelvemiles' march.

Marched at six A.M. Camped at Hamilton. Distance marched, nine miles. The Twelfth on provost duty, Col. Bates being provost-marshal.

Marched at three A.M.; forded Goose Creek, the water being from three to four feet deep. At nine P.м. camped at Middleburg, after a sixteen-miles' march. Guerillas were abundant, and succeeded in capturing some of Gen. Newton's staff.

Col. Bates left the regiment at nine A.M. for recruiting service in Massachusetts, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. Charles W. Hastings of Company H.

Marched at noon, gathering blackberries by the way. At nine P.M. camped at White Plains. Distance marched, eight miles.

Started at four A.M.; marched thirteen miles with but little halting. When near Warrenton, a report of reb cavalry in the town was investigated by an infantry company, and found to be a correct rumor; but, as the main column approached, the rebel horsemen departed, abandoning a wagon-train. Nine hundred cattle and thirty-five prisoners were captured.

Halted at Warrenton Junction,
Distance marched, eigh-

Marched at five A.M.
and then pushed on to Bealton.
teen miles.

1863. July 26.

July 28.

Aug. 2.

Aug. 3.

Aug. 9.

Aug. 13.

Aug. 15.

Sept. 9.
Sept. 12.

Sept. 13.

Sept. 16.

Sept. 24.

Sept. 26.

The Eighth Massachusetts left, their term of service having expired.

Three of the Gettysburg wounded rejoined the regiment. Violent rain-storms kept the regiment busy repairing intrenchments.

Marched at daybreak. After travelling seven miles, found Buford's cavalry engaged at Rappahannock Station. Buford had pressed Stuart to Culpeper Court House, nearly capturing Stuart and staff, who left their dinner untasted. But at Auburn, Buford encountered infantry, and was driven till he met the First Corps, who promptly re-enforced him. Buford's loss was one hundred and forty killed and wounded.

Three men in the brigade killed by lightning.

Baxter's brigade was left behind to guard the earthworks, the rest of the division crossing the Rappahannock. Another violent storm. Several men killed by light

ning.

Col. Bates arrived with 176 conscripts, which were distributed as follows: Company A, 17; B, 18; C, 27; D, 20; F, 20; G, 17; H, 10; I, 21; K, 22; unassigned, 4. Before this addition the regimental strength was 12 officers, 258 men, many of whom were sick in hospital.

The corps drew clothing, which was sadly needed. The Second and Twelfth Corps and first cavalry division marched to our vicinity. Major Cook received his commission and assumed command.

The cavalry divisions of Buford, Gregg, and Kilpatrick, with the Second Corps (under Warren), made a reconnoissance, discovering that Lee was travelling north.

Marched at six A.M. via Stevensburg to Culpeper Court House. Col. Bates, with Burnell and Whelan, left for more recruits. (The first batch was nearly all gone, sixteen deserting in one day.)

The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps left for Chattanooga. Marched at seven A.M.; crossed the Rapidan at Raccoon Ford, where the regiment remained for some time.

A heavy detachment out working on intrenchments. A deserter from the Thirteenth Massachusetts, and one from the Fourth Maine, were shot.

1863. Sept. 27. Sept. 29. Sept. 30.

Oct. 2.

Oct. 3.

Oct. 4.

Oct. 6.

Oct. 10.

Oct. 12.

Oct. 13.

Oct. 14.

Oct. 15.

Oct. 19.

The corps moved two miles nearer the river.
The brigade marched to Mitchell's Station.

Marched at three P.M. After travelling two and a half miles, camped in sight of a reb signal-station.

One of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania shot for sleeping on his post. It again fell to the lot of twelve men from Company E of the Twelfth to carry out the sentence of the court-martial. The surgeons, upon examining the body of the poor fellow, found that two balls had entered his heart, one his right lung, and one his shoulder.

One of the regimental buglers was caught by guerillas within a quarter of a mile of camp: he contrived to

escape.

A battery opened on our teamsters while watering their horses. In the afternoon the Sixth Corps halted near by.

Two of the Gettysburg prisoners having managed to elude their captors — rejoined the regiment. In the afternoon thirty conscripts came.

Reveille at 2.30 A.M.; marched at three A.M. Crossed Morton's Ford at seven A.M. After a journey of six miles halted for breakfast, between Culpeper Court House and Stevensburg. As the rear of the First Corps left Stevensburg the reb advance entered. The corps forded Mountain Run and the Rappahannock, and camped on the north bank of the river at three P.M.; distance marched, fifteen miles. The pontoons were destroyed after the First Corps crossed.

The Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps, with Buford's cavalry, returned to near Brandy Station. Buford pushed on to Culpeper Court House.

Marched at two A.M., hotly pursued by Stuart, who captured many stragglers. At three P.M. the First Corps reached Bristow Station.

Marched at 2.30 A.M., forded Broad Run, passed over the Bull-Run stone bridge, and lay on arms all night. Distance marched, thirteen miles.

At six A.M. changed position to the rear about one and a half miles; then ordered to the stone bridge.

Marched at nine A.M. At seven P.M. camped at Hay