ran nectar, visiting each plant. -Milton. (Visiting = and visited.) The words self (sing.) and selves (plu.) are added to my, our, thy, your, him, her, it, and them, forming a class of compound personal pronouns, which have two principal uses. - Whitney ("Ess. of Eng. Gr.,” p. 71). (Are added and forming are the predicates of the sentence.) As for Saul, he made havoc of the church, entering into every house, and haling men and women committed them to prison. Acts viii. 3. Ulysses wakes, not knowing where he was. Pope. (130.) Compare the following sentences: I . . . am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity ... and showing mercy Bible. I . . . am a jealous God, and visit the sins Book of Common Prayer. EXERCISES and show mercy 651. In what mood are the following verbs? 1. Frederick the Great became1 king of Prussia in 1740. 2. Charge, Chester, charge! - Scott. 3. I would go, if I were you. 4. Ring out, wild bells, and let him die! Tennyson. 5. We insist on everything being proved. -Chalmers. 6. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. Lincoln. 7. Asbury having come, we remained. 8. O that I had gone! 9. I might have felt something touching me. 10. God said, Let there be light! I. In the indicative mood there are 5 verbs; subjunctive, 2; potential, 3; imperative, 5; infinitive, 2; and participial, 3. 652. Correct the following errors : I. Please, can I go? 2. I wish I was in Dixie. 3. Let 4. Would I was her. 5. He hasn't gone, and him to go. i Tense 653. Read the following sentences: I. James studies his lesson. 3. James will study his lesson. 2. James studied his lesson. 4. Run, ran, will run; come, came, shall come; do, did, shall do, will do. Which Read the verbs in the foregoing sentences. verb expresses a present act? Which a past act? Which a future act? Which of the verbs, beginning with "run," can be used to express a present act? A past act? A future act? Do they differ in form? Into what three parts do we divide time? Do these verbs change their form to distinguish time? 5. James studies his lesson to-day. 6. James has studied his lesson to-day. 7. James studied his lesson when I came. 8. James had studied his lesson when I came. 9. James will study his lesson when I come. 10. James will have studied his lesson when I come. run; ran, had run; will run, will have run. II. Run, has Do the verbs in the fifth and sixth sentences refer to present time? Does the fifth sentence state that James has completed the act of studying? Does the sixth? May I say, "James has studied yesterday"? Why not? Does "has studied" represent an act as completed in present time? In the seventh sentence, to what time does "studied" refer? "Had studied," in the eighth? Which one simply represents a past act? Which one represents an act as completed in past time? Which two verbs refer to future time? Which one shows that the studying is completed in future time? Mention the three verbs that show that the act of studying is completed. Which one shows that it is completed in present time? In past time? In future time? Do the verbs change their form to show that an act is completed? 654. Tense is a variation in the use and form of a verb to distinguish time. 655. There are six tenses: the present, the present perfect, the past, the past perfect, the future, and the future perfect. The past tense is sometimes called the imperfect tense, or the preterit; the present perfect tense is sometimes called the perfect tense; and the past perfect, the pluperfect. 656. The present and the past tense may each be expressed by a single word; as, go, went. (581, 1, 2.) Frequently an auxiliary verb and a present infinitive or a present participle are used to express the present and the past tense; as, do go, is going, can go, may be going, ought to go, did go, was going. 657. Have (has) and had are the signs of the perfect tenses. They are combined with a perfect participle. EXAMPLES. Have gone, has gone, had gone, shall have gone, may have gone, have been going. (581, 4.) 658. Shall and will are the signs of the future tenses. They are combined with the present infinitive. EXAMPLES. ·Shall go, will go, shall have gone, will have gone, shall be going. Go, have, and be are infinitives (581, 5). Gone is a perfect participle (581, 4). Going is a present participle (581, 3). Which method of inflection is used for the future tenses? Perfect tenses? (312.) Why are there six tenses? Pot. May have been done might have been done Imp. Inf. To have been done Part. Having been done How many tenses has How are they formed? each mood? Future Perfect shall have been done What are they? In how many moods is each Of the past perfect? tense found? What is the sign of the present perfect tense? Of the future perfect? Of the future tenses? Of the perfect tenses? Which tenses contain the perfect participle? Which contain the present infinitive? How do the tenses in the passive voice differ from those in the active voice? The tenses of the indicative mood are the only tenses that refer with any degree of accuracy to the divisions of time indicated by their names. EXERCISES 661. Write a table like the foregoing (659), with the verb "love." "Try." "Raise." "Rise." "Lie" (to recline). "Lay." "Set." "Sit." "Catch," in the passive voice (660). "Love," in the passive voice. "Forget." 662. In what tense is each of the following verbs? Run, come, did, shall go, might have gone, were, had been, am, singing, was punished, to go, marching, try, have been made, lie, have sat, lay, undergo, to be rewarded, loved, being rewarded, considered, would try, will have been sold, having purchased, be, can be, must have heard, to have been killed, could produce, ought to repent, shall be found, flew, are fighting, to have gone, beware. USE OF THE TENSES OF EACH MOOD Tenses of the Indicative Mood 663. The indicative mood has six tenses. 664. A verb in the present tense of the indicative mood generally represents |