his policy. Drs. Bacon, Thompson, and Storrs having retired from the editorship of The Independent, Mr. Beecher, and later Mr. Tilton, were called to the editorship. On the retirement of Mr. Tilton, Mr. Bowen became editor as well as proprietor and publisher, and from that time until his death he controlled its editorial policy. Mr. Bowen was at one time one of the most influential members in Plymouth Church, to which Henry Ward Beecher came mainly through his influence. Following the publication of the charges in the BeecherTilton scandal, an estrangement took place between Mr. Beecher and Mr. Bowen.

BUNTING, C. W., managing director of the Toronto Mail and Empire; born in the county of Limerick, Ireland, in Sep., 1837; died in Toronto, Ont., Jan. 14.

COFFIN, CHARLES CARLETON, well known as the special correspondent of the Boston Journal throughout the Civil War; born at Boscowen, N. H., July 26, 1823; died in Brookline, Mass., Mar. 2. He was the author of twenty volumes, chiefly on historical and patriotic themes.

DOE, CHARLES, chief justice of the state of New Hampshire; born in 1830; died at Rollinsford, N. H., Mar. 9. Was graduated at Dartmouth in 1849; admitted to the bar in 1864; made associate justice of the state supreme court in 1869, and chief justice in 1876.

EDISON, SAMUEL, father of the famous electrician Thomas A. Edison; born in Nova Scotia in August, 1804; died at the home of his granddaughter in Norwalk, O., Feb. 27. Thomas A. was born during Mr. Edison's residence at Milan, O., Feb. 11, 1847 (Vol. 1, p. 468).

ELLIOTT, CHARLES B., the well-known builder of racing shells; born in New York city in 1829; died Jan. 20. For about seven years and a-half, from 1871, he was police justice of the 4th district of Brooklyn, and in 1880 became county clerk of Kings county.

ENGLISH, WILLIAM H., capitalist and politician; born in Lexington, Ind., Aug. 27, 1822; died in Indianapolis, Feb. 7. Was educated at Hanover College, and studied law. He was an active democrat and held various positions during the administrations of Presidents Tyler and Polk. He was secretary of the Indiana constitutional convention of 1850, and speaker of the first house elected under it. In 1852 he was elected to the 33d congress, and took a prominent part in the exciting contests over the legislation of that period. He was reelected to the 35th and 36th congresses. He took no active part in the war, but in 1863 entered the banking business, in which, with railroad interests afterward acquired, he was highly successful. In 1880 he was nominated for vice-president of the United States on the ticket with General W. S. Hancock, but was defeated.

EWING, GENERAL THOMAS, born in Lancaster, O., Aug. 7, 1829; died in New York city Jan. 21 as a result of being knocked down by a cable car. Was graduated at Brown University in 1854, and in 1855 at the Cincinnati (O.) Law School. The following year he began practicing law at Leavenworth, Kan., with William T. Sherman, afterward the famous general, for a partner. He took an active part in the struggle to make Kansas a free state, and in 1860 was elected first chief justice of the supreme court of that state. He organized the 11th regiment of Kansas volunteers, which he led to the field, as its colonel, in 1862. For conspicuous bravery at the battle of Prairie Grove in 1863 he was promoted to the rank of brigadiergeneral. He distinguished himself also at Pilot Knob; and retired at

the close of the war with the brevet rank of major-general. He was elected to the 45th congress as a democrat; re-elected in 1878; served on several important committees, including that on banking and currency. His adherence to the soft-money wing of the democratic party was uniform.

FAVA, FRANCIS R., professor of civil engineering in Columbia University, New York city; born in Italy about thirty-five years ago; died Mar. 27. He was son of Baron Fava, Italian ambassador

to the United States.

FOWLER, GENERAL EDWARD B., military officer; born in New York city in 1827; died in Brooklyn Jan. 16. He was the war colonel of the 14th regiment of Brooklyn, known as the "Red-Legged Devils" and the "Fighting 14th." He was engaged in twenty-two battles and skirmishes, in all of which he was either in command of the regiment or of the brigade to which it was attached. His service at the battle of Gettysburg, where he was in command of his brigade, was especially meritorious and successful. He was mustered out of service with his regiment on June 6, 1864, and for gallant and meritorious conduct was brevetted brigadier-general.

FYFFE, JOSEPH, rear-admiral United States navy (retired); born in Ohio, July 26, 1832; died at Pierce, Neb., Feb. 25. During the war he saw active service with the North Atlantic blockade squadron.

GIBBON, JOHN, brigadier-general, United States army (retired); born near Holmesburg, Penn., Apr. 20, 1827; died in Baltimore, Md., Feb. 6. Was graduated at West Point in 1847, and served through the Mexican war. He commanded a brigade through the campaigns of Maryland and the Rappahannock from 1862 to 1863, receiving the brevets of major in the regular army for gallantry at Antietam, and lieutenant-colonel at Fredericksburg, and colonel at Gettysburg, where he was severely wounded. In June, 1864, he became major-general of volunteers and took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor. He took a brilliant part in the assaults on Petersburg. For this he was brevetted brigadier general and majorgeneral, United States army. He was one of the commissioners to carry into effect the stipulations for Lee's surrender. He was mustered out of the volunteer service on Jan. 15, 1866.

He had charge of the Yellowstone expedition against Sitting Bull in 1876, and was in command of the engagement with the Nez Perces Indians at Big Hole Pass, where he was wounded.

General Gibbon in 1885, by direction of the president, had charge of the measures taken to suppress the Chinese riots in Washington territory. He was made a brigadier-general July 10, 1886, and was retired Apr. 20, 1891.

GILLAM, BERNARD, famous as the cartoonist of Judge; born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, Eng.; died at Canajoharie, N. Y., Jan. 19, aged 39. He was for a time associated with the late Joseph Keppler on Puck, but had been a partner in the Judge property since that weekly was reorganized ten years ago.

GREENHALGE, FREDERICK T., governor of Massachusetts, republican; born in Lancashire, Eng., July 19, 1842; died at Lowell, Mass., Mar. 5. He entered Harvard in 1859, but had to leave college in his junior year, owing to the death of his father. He then taught school and studied law. In 1863 he enlisted in the Union army, being connected with the commissary department at New Berne, N. C. After the war, he studied law in Lowell, and was admitted to the bar in

1865. In 1880 and 1881 he was elected mayor of Lowell. In 1888 he was sent to congress by the republicans; but failed of re-election in 1890. In 1893 he was nominated by acclamation for governor of Massachusetts, and in November of that year of panic was elected by 20,000 majority, although Mr. Russell had carried the state in the three years preceding. In 1894 and 1895 he was re-elected.

HARPER, PHILIP J. A., formerly senior member of the publishing house of Harper & Bros., New York city; died at Hempstead, L. I., Mar. 6.

HARTER, MICHAEL D., formerly congressman from the Mansfield district of Ohio; born in Canton, O., in 1846; died at Fostoria, O., by suicide, Feb. 22. He was elected to the 52d and 53d congresses as a democrat, and was a steady opponent of high-tariff taxes, anti-option laws, and the free coinage of silver, and an earnest advocate of civil service reform. He was a wealthy banker and manufacturer.

HAYGOOD, REV. DR. ATTICUS, bishop of the South Methodist Church; died at Oxford, Ga., Jan. 19.

HOLDEN, MRS. MARTHA E., a brilliant and versatile writer under the nom de plume of "Amber;" born in Harford, N. Y.; died in Chicago, Ill., Jan. 16, aged about 42.

JARDINE, JOSEPH PHILIP, for many years a member of the firm of George Jardine & Son, organ builders, New York city; born in London, Eng., Oct. 11, 1832; died in New York city Mar. 13. served with the 22d New York regiment through the war.

He

JUDGE, WILLIAM QUAN, president of the Theosophical Society in America; born in Dublin, Ireland, Apr. 13, 1851; died in New York city, Mar. 21.

KENRICK, MOST REV. PETER RICHARD, ex-archbishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of St. Louis, Mo.; born in Dublin, Ireland, Aug. 17, 1806; died in St. Louis Mar. 4. He was brother to the late archbishop of Baltimore, Md. He was ordained priest Mar. 6, 1832, and, at the suggestion of his brother, then coadjutor bishop of Philadelphia, came to America, settling in Oct., 1833, in Philadelphia, where he took charge of the theological seminary of the diocese. He was consecrated coadjutor to Bishop Rosati of St. Louis in Nov., 1841, and succeeded to the bishopric on the death of the latter in 1843. In 1847 he became metropolitan on St. Louis being erected into an archiepiscopal see. During the Civil War he upheld the Union cause, but worked for relief of sick and wounded on both sides. Not long ago he was removed from his archiepiscopal office on account of "advancing years and increasing infirmities," being succeeded by Bishop Kain, his coadjutor. Twice in his career, it is said, Archbishop Kenrick came into conflict with his superiors. He refused to promulgate in his province the Baltimore decree, seeking to enlarge the influence and powers of the diocesan priests, thereby making it void, so far as his subordinates were concerned; and in 1870 he came into prominence by the determined stand he took against the doctrine of Papal infallibility pronounced by the Ecumenical Council held that year in Rome. He was one of two prelates who voted against it, to 536 in its favor, and did not give his adhesion to it till a considerable time afterward.

KNOX, COLONEL THOMAS W., well-known writer; born in Pembroke, N. H., June 25, 1835; died in New York city Jan. 6. He served in two campaigns of the war, attaining the rank of lieutenantcolonel, and later was correspondent of several New York papers. In 1866 he went with an expedition to establish a line of telegraph comVol. 6.-16.

munication through Southern Asia, and on this journey travelled through Siberia. The next few years he devoted himself to travelling and literary work. One of his first books was Overland Through Asia. He published in all about thirty-nine books, among them being Cotton Field and Campfire, The Boy Travellers in China and Japan, The Boy Travellers in Siam, How to Travel, The Young Nimrods in North America, Underground Life, Backsheesh, Lives of Blaine and Logan, Decisive Battles Since Waterloo, and Life of Henry

HUMORIST.

Ward Beecher.

KRAUS, PROFESSOR JOHN, one of the earliest and foremost promoters of kindergarten work in the United States; born in Nassau, Germany, Feb. 2, 1815; died in New York city Mar. 4.

MCLACHLAN, ALEXANDER, poet, known as the 'Burns of Canada;" died in Orangeville, Ont., Mar. 20.

MASSEY, H. A., head of the Massey-Harris Manufacturing Company of Toronto, Ont., makers of agricultural implements; born in Northumberland county, Ontario, Apr. 29, 1823; died in Toronto Feb. 20. He was a generous supporter of the Methodist Church, and a benefactor of numerous educational and philanthropic institutions.

MILLER, MADISON, military officer; born in Mercer, Penn.; died in St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 27, aged 87. He served in the Mexican war, being wounded at Buena Vista. In the Civil War he was made a prisoner by the Confederates at Shiloh, where he commanded a brigade. In Mar., 1865, he received the brevet of brigadier-general for meritorious services at Wilson's Creek and Shiloh.

NICHOLSON, MRS. E. J., writer under the nom de plume of "Pearl Rivers," owner and chief editor of the New Orleans (La.) Picayune; born in Mississippi; died Feb. 15. She is said to have been the first woman connected with the press in the South.

NYE, EDGAR WILSON ("BILL"), humorist; born in Maine Aug. 25, 1850; died at his home at Buck Shoals near Asheville, N. C., Feb. 22. When he was two years old the family moved to the West, and Edgar received his education at River Falls Academy, in Wisconsin. He studied law in Wisconsin, and practiced for a short time. About 1875 he settled in Laramie, Wyo. Here he began writing for the local newspapers, and attracted such attention that in 1880 he was in

The

vited to write weekly letters for the Denver (Colo.) Tribune. next year he founded the Laramie Boomerang, which made him famous. He held several public offices in Laramie. For several years he had been writing syndicate articles and lecturing. Mr. Nye published several books, the earliest being Bill Nye and Boomerang and The Forty Lyars and Other Lies.

PORTER, JOSEPH H., military officer; born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1841; died in New York city Jan. 27. Was graduated at West Point shortly before the Civil War broke out. He went through the war coming out a colonel, but

with health permanently shattered by wounds. He went to Egypt; and, in spite of his former experience, enlisted in the serIvice of the khedive, and was again badly wounded at the bombardment of Cairo by the British. married an Egyptian girl, with whom he lived until her death, when he returned to America, where he shortly took up the practice of law.

He

REID, REV. Wм., D. D., lately clerk of the general assembly and financial agent of the Presbyterian Church in Canada; born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1816; died in Toronto, Ont., Jan. 19.

ROBINSON, GEORGE D., ex-governor of Massachusetts; born in Lexington, Mass., Feb. 20, 1834; died at Chicopee, Mass., Feb. 22. Was graduated at Harvard in 1856, and taught school in Chicopee until 1865; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1866; represented Chicopee in the state legislature in 1873 and in 1875 became a state senator. In 1876 he entered congress as a republican, and was re-elected in 1878, 1880, and 1882. In 1883 he was elected governor, the late General B. F. Butler being his democratic opponent; and he was re-elected in 1884 and 1885.

HON. THEODORE RUNYON OF NEW JERSEY, LATE UNITED STATES MINISTER TO GERMANY.

RUNYON, THEODORE, first ambassador of the United States to Germany; born at Somerville, N. J., Oct. 25, 1822; died in Berlin, Germany, Jan. 27. A biographical sketch of Mr. Runyon will be found in CURRENT HISTORY, published at the time of his appointment as minister to Germany at the beginning of President Cleveland's second term of office in 1893 (Vol. 3, p. 65). In Sep. of the same year he was raised to the rank of ambassador (Vol. 3, p. 498). THOMPSON, COLONEL WILLIAM P., military officer, capitalist,