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three movementscorcular, rotary, and vertical-all intended to puzzle vision. as it inquisitively

follows the ball.

In this way the ocular muscles become quickly fatigued, the influence being an exaggeration of the soporific stimulus

caused by the rapid

flight of the landscape past a car window, or the rapid change of environment viewed from a rapidly moving swing. That which fatigues the ocular muscles, of course, favors sleep, and physiological drowsiness is but the vestibule to the hypnotic state. The eyelids becoming heavy, the skilled hypnologist has but to utter the command "Sleep!" and the sensitive is then ready to abide by his will.

headgear, a bright nickel ball being substituted for the incandescent globe.

It may seem paradoxical that light, generally regarded as the most potent enemy of Morpheus, may be harnessed and utilized as a soporific. And yet this. is being done, also, by aid of the "hypnotic lamp." The subject, having run

SAND-FILLED GLASS BALL.

Used to fatigue the ocular muscles.

Another of these mechanical aids is the "electro-hypnotic head-band." It is of rubber, and is clasped about the forchead. From it depends a tiny, incandescent electric light-bulb, which is made to hang between and above the eyes. This concentrates the attention of some subjects better than does the hypnotic ball. It is well nigh impossible to look elsewhere when the glowing bulb hangs so near. It is even more difficult to think of anything else under such circumstances; hence, perfect concentration, as well as eye fatigue, is effected. In a simpler hypnotizer-known as the "fascinator" there is practically the same

the gauntlet of the first two tests without succumbing, may be seated snugly in an armchair, while behind him, upon a pedestal, which elevates it above his head, burns the hypnotic beacon, fed by a gas tube and hooded with a cylinder of metal, which concentrates all of the gathered light in a narrow beam and projects it, searchlight-wise, through a funnellike opening.

A large slightly concave disk-a dark plaque eighteen inches in diameter-mounted upon a similar pedestal, is stationed directly in front of the subject. In the center of the plaque is a small concave mirror, highly polished. The miniature searchlight upon the lamp behind is directed upon this mirror, and the angle of the plaque is so regulated that the beam strikes the eye of the subject, seated in the chair. He concentrates his stare upon what appears to him as a miniature moon surrounded by

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a black shadow.

A bright ball, which can be moved back and forth upon a rod thrust through it, is another means of producing eye fatigue. One end of the rod rests upon the top of the subject's head; the other is in the hand of the operative. The stare is fixed upon the ball, which gradually moves by force of gravity towards the subject's head and thus attracts the eyes upward until they gaze over their own lids. But of still greater interest are the

hypnotic dynamos, which work automatally, while the hypnologist himself sits idly by or is even absent. These are known to the profession as "alouettes." Their efficacy has already been demonstrated in the neurological clinics of the Old World. There are many forms, but all are based upon the same principle.

SAND-FILLED BALL IN USE.

Monotony, as well as fatigue, is a pow erful sleep inducer, and the two are wellnigh infallible when concentrated upon the orb of sight.

These hypnotizers consist primarily of motors, which revolve mirrors in a horizontal plane. The motive power may be electricity or clockwork, usually the latter, on account of its simplicity and portability. A compact box holds the machinery and above this projects a revolving pivot. One of the most successful alouettes-lately installed in the National Museum, Washington-revolves two horizontal panels of ebony in opposite directions, one above the other, the

common axis being through their centres. Each panel is studded on both sides with a row of circular mirrors, seven in number. They maintain a velocity of one revolution per second for a period of one hour.

This device is placed upon a tabourette or table, while the subject, cozily reclining upon a bed or couch, gazes steadily at the flash of the mirrored mosaic. The mirrors appear as distinct balls of white fire, alternately glowing and disappearing, concentrating into one solitary, fiery globe, then disappearing, then scattering into seven separate, luminous balls, as if manipulated in the hands of a skillful juggler.

The subject at first becomes fascinated and, while his concentration is fixed, the monotony and ocular fatigue conjure up a series of yawns. These are augmented by suggestions from the hypnotist that sleep will readily follow. Finally a heaviness of respiration signals an actual falling off into deep sleep, consummated by the command "Sleep now," from the lips of the hypnotist. One alouette has been known to hypnotize simultaneously an entire clinic of patients while the hypnotist was out of the room. This occurred in the clinic of Dr. Berillon, the noted hypnologist of Paris. But these subjects had previously received the suggestion that the machine would cause sleep. The success of all of these mechanical aids described depends upon this prior suggestion.

There are alouettes with single, mirrored blades, and others with revolving wings, modelled like those of birds, while still others revolve cubes and other forms coated with mirrored surface. The base of one is modelled in the form of a vase

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rather than of a box, and the pivot rotates a small lamp with concave reflector. Like a miniature flash beacon the light alternately appears and disappears. This device boasts of an advantage over others in that its luminosity is self-contained and that it may be employed in darkness. A magnesium light is preferred for use within the lamp. Magnesium rays are supposed to have extraordinary hypnotic power.

Still another aid to hypnotism is the "vibrating coronet. This, lately invented by Dr.. Gaiffe, of Paris, consists of three bands of metal encircling the head. Branch strips extend to the eyelids, and by force of a spring gently vibrate against them. By manipulation of the adjustment it may be regulated to fit any head and to vibrate the lids of any eyes. This engine for ocular fatigue

has been successfully employed in the clinic of Berillon.

One of the latest novelties in this peculiar category of instruments is a little electric lamp which so long as it is grasped tightly in the hand remains lighted, but whose light becomes extinguished as soon as the hand-grasp is relaxed. The subject having tightened his hold until the light has appeared is told to rivet his attention thereupon. The hypnotist then suggests that the patient's eyes are showing fatigue and that with the approach of sleep the hand-grasp will gradually relax; that finally, when the light goes out, sleep will come. Of course the hand must relax and the consequent disappearance of the light generally results in the sensitive subject's simultaneously falling asleep as a result of the suggestion.

Some hypnotists require their subjects. to gaze intently at a large, staring human eye drawn upon a card. They are told to refrain from winking, as much as possible, and are given the definite suggestion that the eye will ultimately "stare them out" and cause sleep.

Many ignorant persons attribute supernatural powers to the common magnet. Taking advantage of this, some hypnotists employ upon such a class of

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REVOLVING HYPNOTIC MIRROR.

A DIFFICULT CASE BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL.

subjects a steel magnet in the shape of a tube, with a long slit running from end to end. Across this slit fits an armature of steel and having placed his finger through the tube the subject is instructed to work the armature on and off, alternately. He is assured that this will promote sleep after a time and suggestions of increasing sleepiness will fulfill the prediction if the subject is sensitive.

Physicians called to

treat nervous cases must often employ as mechanical aids to hypnotism such makeshifts as the household affords. A candle placed behind an ordinary brown or colored bottle is sometimes used in lieu of a hypnotic lamp. The candle flame focuses itself at a spot on the side of the bottle nearest the patient, who has been given the suggestion that sleep will result when, after staring fixedly at this spot the light will

go out. The candle, cut short for the purpose, burns itself out and the sensitive consequently falls asleep when there is no longer a vestige of light in the

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room.

If a bottle cannot be had, sometimes a cone, about a foot long, is made of paper and the subject is made to concentrate his gaze upon the naked candle flame by holding the large end of the cone to his eyes. Sometimes eye fatigue is produced also by requiring the patient to "stare himself out" by gazing intently into the pupils of his own eyes, which remain visible in a mirror until the bit of candle burns out, as before. A still simpler makeshift is a long lead-pencil placed between the teeth of the subject, who is required to "run his eyes" up and down its surface, between its outer extremity and a point as near as possible to his mouth.

Stimuli of hearing as well as of sight and touch are successfully employed; taste and smell have generally given negative results. The ticking of a watch. has been used. The sudden stroke of a gong hypnotizes veteran subjects in the Hospital Salpetriere, Paris.

The first aid to sleep was given by Providence to our arboreal ancestors, the apes. This was the bough, the ancestor

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THE LITTLE KNOB CLAIMS AND HOLDS HIS ATTENTION.

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