It is stated that a larger number of theological students have received a collegiate training than of any other class of professional students. Out of 4,699 who answered the question, 2,185 had received the degree of A. B. or B. S., showing that fully forty-six per cent were graduates of colleges. Statistics from the other professions are very incomplete, but so far as can be judged from returns about twenty per cent of law students are college graduates.

A number of the seminaries show names of women among their students; at Hartford Theological Seminary (Congregational), there are ten; Tufts College

Divinity School (Universalist), four; and Newton Theological Institute (Baptist), six.

The total benefactions to theological seminaries during the year 1893-4 were $1,152,116. The seminary receiving the largest amount was the Seminary of Chicago (Congregational), $470,642; next came the Louisville Presbyterian Seminary in Kentucky, $100,000; Newton Theological Institute (Baptist), Mass., $50,000; and Gammon Theological Seminary, Georgia, $50,000.

An important modification affecting medical students has been made in the regulations recently adopted for the admission of foreign students to French institutions (p. 470).

In the future, foreign

ers desirous of obtaining the same diploma of M. D. as that awarded to Frenchmen will have to submit to the same conditions imposed upon French students. The diploma they may have obtained in any private institution, will not be at all considered; and, before being allowed to register at any of the French medical schools, they will have to produce, like French students, a French state diploma of Bachelier de l'Enseignement Classique, and the Certificat de Sciences Physiques, Chimiques, et Naturelles.

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., has thrown open its medical courses to female students, thereby availing itself of an endowment of $500,000 recently raised for the medical faculty. The arts courses are still closed to women.

MUSIC AND THE DRAMA.

ON August 31 John Drew and company presented, for the first time in America, at the Empire theatre, New York city, a four-act play entitled Rosemary, by L. N. Parker and Murray Carson.

The story concerns a runaway couple, who suffer a breakdown in front of the mansion of Sir Jasper Thorndyke, are invited to spend the night under that gentleman's roof, and are closely followed by the parents of the would-be bride in somewhat similar plight, who accept the same hospitable shelter. At breakfast next morning they all meet. Sir Jasper pacifies the parents and wins their consent to the union. It is the day of the queen's coronation. The entire party go down to see the festivities. The wedding is to follow immediately. But Jasper has lost his heart to the young bride. She, in her turn, is dimly conscious of his superior fascinations. For a moment he dreams of stepping between the couple and winning her for himself. Professor Jogram recalls him to his better self. He tears himself away from temptation, retaining only a sprig of rosemary as a memory of his romance. Purchasing the inn from which the party had viewed the coronation ceremonies, he turns the room itself into a shrine.

The last act is fifty years later. The queen's jubilee is in progress. Sir Jasper, a nonogenarian, the only survivor of the former party, returns to his "shrine" and recalls all the circumstances as a sweet and tender memory from which all pain had long been banished.

An Enemy to the King, a romantic four-act drama by R. N. Stephens, was presented by E. H. Sothern and company at the Lyceum theatre, New York city, September 1.

The plot, which is thrilling in interest throughout, is laid in the time of Charles IX. in France and the Huguenot persecution.

One of the most popular productions of the quarter was that of Half a King, a three-act comic opera adapted from the French of Leterrier and Vanloo by Harry B. Smith, music by Ludwig Englander, which was presented September 14 by Francis Wilson and company at the Knickerbocker theatre (late Abbey's), New York city.

The opera derives its name from a playing card, the king of diamonds, which has been torn in half. One half is found in a basket, together with a baby Pierrette, left at Tireschappe's door by an unknown. The secret of the child's birth is known only to the holder of the other half of the card; and through its instrumentality Pierrette, the little singing vagabond, turns out to be a lady of high degree.

Miss Lillian Russell opened the season at the Frothingham theatre, Scranton, Penn., September 14, with a production of An American Beauty, a comic opera, music by G. Kerker, libretto by Hugh Morton.

Mrs. Dalmont, the beauty, is seen by an enterprising circus manager, who tries to engage her and who succeeds in getting her to ride an elephant, a feat about which Miss Russell, in truth, had grave doubts. She leaves the show, which becomes stranded, but she finally comes to the assistance of the manager and marries a gardener, who proves to be an earl.

ARCHEOLOGY.

THE excavations at Corinth conducted under auspices of the American School at Athens, have so far been limited to the digging of trial trenches with a view to locating the ancient agora or some building, especially the theatre, which would serve as a key to the topography of the city, which was described by Pausanias with considerable fulness. About July 1, just before suspension of work for the year, the explorers were rewarded with the discovery of the theatre.

Recent excavations on the site of Babylon, carried on under direction of Professor Hilprecht in behalf of the University of Pennsylvania, have brought to light cuneiform inscriptions which carry the history of the Babylonian people back to a period about 2,250 years earlier than had heretofore been verified, i.e., to about 7,000 B. C. It is found that one city has been piled upon another in a succession of stratifications, of which the lowest has not yet apparently been reached.

Professor Hommel of the University of Munich draws the following conclusions regarding the Merenptah inscription, from Thebes, which has attracted much attention as containing the earliest authentic reference yet found on any Egyptian monument, to the people of Israel. (p. 472):

Merenptah in reality never was in Palestine at all. But since in the new text, in a most undoubted way, reference is made to a misfortune that overtook Israel (written with the determinative for 'people'), this reference can pertain only to that Israel, mentioned by neither of the predecessors of Merenptali, Seti I. or Rameses II., in the account of their expeditions into Palestine, namely, the Israel that was not yet found in Palestine. In other words, the Exodus of Israel must have taken place shortly before, and had probably been made more easily possible by the death of Rameses II. (Ex. 2: 23). However dark the reference of Merenptah may be to

*

Israel, the fact, nevertheless, that mention is made of them ** * confirms what has been surmised before, namely, that Merenptah is the Pharaoh of the Exodus.

In conclusion I would yet draw attention to the fact that in Ex. 14:26 877. (as also in the old hymn Ex. 15) it is not said that Pharaoh himself was destroyed in the Red sea, but mention is made only of his army and chariots."

The Rev. W. Scott Watson of Guttenburg, N. J., long a missionary in Syria connected with the Presbyterian Board of Missions, has come into possession of a manuscript containing an almost complete text of the Samaritan Pentateuch, written in the original Hebrew and not a mere translation of a Greek or Syriac text, which apparently antedates by several centuries any other Hebrew text of which the date is known. Its date is A. D. 656. The Codex Babylonicus of A. D. 916, in the Russian Imperial Library, has heretofore been recognized as the most ancient Hebrew manuscript of the Bible whose age is definitely known. The present "find" had lain, probably for centuries, in a room in the temple at Nablus, Syria.

Early in May a bronze statue of natural size was unearthed at Delphi. It probably belongs to the 5th century B. C. (between the years 480 and 460), is of the Peloponnesian school, and represents a group commemorative of a victory Delphi.

the chariot races in the Pythian games at

RELIGION.

Leo XIII. on Anglican Orders.-About the middle of September a Papal bull was issued giving the result -which had been awaited with much interest-of the pending inquiry instituted by Pope Leo XIII. as to the validity of ordinations under the ritual of the Church of England. It will be remembered that Mr. Gladstone, in June, addressed a letter to the Pope on this matter (p. 482). The conclusion arrived at by His Holiness is indicated in the following words:

"After long study, I must confirm the decrees of my predeces sors that all ordinations made under the Anglican rite are absolutely invalid." His Holiness at the same time expresses his desire for the return of the Anglican clergy to the Church of Rome.

This pronouncement was not unexpected, save, perhaps, by that small body of the Anglican priesthood who have believed themselves to be on the same footing as the priests of Rome in the possession of certain mysterious and miraculous powers conferred on them through ordination -in particular, the power to consecrate and offer upon the altar the true body and blood of the Lord as a sacrifice to the Eternal Father, to forgive the sins of men, and to teach the truths of salvation with a Divine authority, and the power to ordain ministers who, by the act of ordination, become gifted with similar powers.

The question was not a new one. It had been raised many times, and had been answered by the Church of Rome always in the same way-that ordinations carried out according to the Anglican ritual have been and are absolutely null and void in the Roman sense of the word, that is to say, that they do not possess the nature and effect of a sacrament.

Among the decisive reasons given for this judgment was that the ritual employed in the reign of Edward VI. and restored in use under Elizabeth, was defective in both form and intention, the words of consecration being so framed as to exclude all reference to the special functions and powers which the Roman clergy claim to possess and to exercise, and rites being introduced which were not approved by the Church, while others, again, approved by the Church, were rejected. Nor could any subsequent attempt to amend the ritual restore, in the opinion of His Holiness, the true Sacrament of Orders which had once been lost, and, if lost, had been lost irreparably.

This sentence is final, so far as the Roman Church is concerned. The question is never again to be reopened under any pretense. Those who desire the possession of a hierarchy and of orders, and look to reunion with Rome on this basis, are now told, once and for all, where they must look for them and on what conditions they may be had. Those who are at all concerned in the decision, can still, of course, refuse to accept its conclusions as to their present status.

Cardinal Satolli's Successor.-An official notification dated August 27, designated as successor to Cardinal Satolli, in the office of Papal delegate to the United States, Monsignor Sebastian Martinelli, prior-general of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine. At the time of his appointment, the new delegate is said to have ranked only as a priest; but befitting rank was bestowed upon him in his

Vol. 6.-47.