not long ago, and here is the score-card, in part, of one of the finest boy babies : Age, 10 months, 4 days. Score. scientific contests, and so far the deepest interest has been shown everywhere the plan has been tried. The standard of the normal, healthy American baby ought to be very high; and this scientific campaign to establish it is striking and valuable beyond any other new movement of the day. 100 100 Weight at birth, seven and a half pounds. Sleep, 14 hours daily, alone and outdoors. Height, 2 feet 5 inches... 100 Bones of skull, spine, chest, etc..... Length of head, width, circumference.. Pupillary distance and shape of eyes. 100 Shape, size, and position of ears.. Shape and size of lips.. 100 Shape and size of forehead. 95 100 100 98 98 100 98.80 Teeth-Central incisors appear about seventh month; lateral incisors, eighth to tenth; anterior molars, twelfth to eighteenth; eye and stomach teeth, fourteenth to twentieth; posterior molars, eighteenth to thirty-sixth. The child should first attempt to sit at about the sixteenth week, be fairly successful about the fortieth, and firmly seated at the tenth or eleventh month. The child should attempt to stand about the thirty-eighth week, and should be successful at eleventh or twelfth month; it should walk unsupported at the fourteenth or fifteenth month-certainly not later than the eighteenth. Precocity in walking is not desirable. Mrs. Margaret V. Clark introduced this new sort of baby show at the Iowa State Fair last year, and its idea has been eagerly seized upon by all interested in child culture and eugenics. All sorts of information and help can be given to parents in the course of these Few churches are SO A Working Parish widely known in America as Trinity Church, in New York. Standing on Broadway at the head of Wall Street, visitors from all parts of the country have found pleasure in its fine architecture, quiet under its lofty roof, and a sense of peace in the ancient burying-ground which surrounds it and which has many historical associations. It is an endowed church of great wealth, and, as in the cases of many churches attended by the well-to-do people, the impression is spread abroad by those who know nothing of its work that it is a kind of chapel-of-ease, especially during the the summer. Nothing could be further from the truth. Trinity is a rich church, but its income is spent in many kinds of work for the community, which are never interrupted or suspended, winter or summer. The nine churches of Trinity Parish are open for public and private worship every day in the year; they not only stand as witnesses of the great truths of the spiritual life in a commercial city, but their doors are always open to those who want help or a place for meditation and prayer. The clergy take vacations in the summer, and no class of men need rest more than faithful preachers and pastors, but the many-sided work which they carry on goes steadily forward under skillful direction, with a widened scope. The services are conducted as usual, open-air services are held daily, in several of the churches daily vacation schools are held, freshair work of various kinds is carried on, a seaside home and two summer camps are maintained, and the Boy Scout work is also carried forward. At Trinity Church, where there is always a large attendance of strangers and visitors from all parts of the country, a special preacher fills the pulpit during the summer. The year-book of Trinity Parish would be profitable reading for those who imagine that because it is a rich church it is an idle church, which ministers only to affluent parishioners. As a matter of fact, its activities are manifold and continuous, and its influence is felt in all parts of the city. The Control of Cancer Education is to be the keynote of the propaganda of the American Society for the Control of Cancer, founded recently by a committee of laymen and physicians from a dozen cities of the United States. The title of the organization was chosen advisedly in the confidence that medical experts now have proof that this menacing disease can be held in check. The Society purposes to "disseminate knowledge concerning the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer, to investigate the conditions under which cancer is found, and to compile statistics in regard thereto." According to data gathered by the Society, cancer is on the increase, and causes more deaths than tuberculosis among persons above the age of forty. It is one of the most frequent and most serious diseases of middle and advanced age. Although millions of dollars have been spent in the study of cancer, little is known about its treatment. Many lives could be saved and much suffering avoided, however, if this modicum of knowledge were more widely held. The Society aims to acquaint the public with the "relatively high degree of curability of cancer when diagnosed in its earliest stages and then submitted to the now well-recognized proper treatment, which is the removal of the local area of disease. To remove the zone of cancer with a zone of uninvolved tissue in the very beginning of the disease is practically never dangerous and seldom mutilating. . . . Few have known of the number of cures even now accomplished in the treatment of cancer in its later stages. Fewer have known of the tremendous possibilities of increasing the number of cures when cancer is recognized and treated in its earlier stages." The Society does not propose to undertake research work. Its service will be rather to make public the clinical experience of the dependable specialists in this disease. It may advise the standardizing of operations, and may urge upon the States the establishment of laboratories. In short, its functions will be similar to those of the Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, except that, owing to the paucity of information concerning cancer, its scope necessarily will be more restricted. Mr. George C. Clarke, a Wall Street banker, is the President of the Society, and its Secretary is Thomas M. Debevoise, a New York lawyer. On its Executive Committee are Dr. George E. Brewer, of New York, Dr. F. F. Simpson, of Pittsburgh, and a dozen other physicians from cities wide apart. The organization and its objects were approved unanimously by the members of the American Medical Association present at the meeting of that body in Minneapolis last month. An International Road Congress The Third International Road Congress, which recently closed a week's session in London, had before it for consideration papers by road experts from most of the thirty governments represented. There were also at least twenty different languages spoken -though the three official languages were English, German, and French. The Congress has become international in character owing to the fact that traffic and traveling by rail, in Europe at least, are becoming every year more and more international in character. Foreign drivers are found in increasing numbers every year on the roads in England, France, and Germany, especially, and the necessity or at least advisability of formulating international rules of the road is every year becoming more evident. Among the subjects discussed by the Congress were the planning of new streets and roads, types of surfacing for bridges, viaducts, etc.; construction of macadamized roads with tarry, bituminous, or asphaltic materials, together with wood paving, lighting of public highways and vehicles, causes of wear and deterioration of roadways, regulations for traffic, and many other topics connected with the construction, function, and maintenance of roads. Most valuable of all the benefits of such congresses is the interchange of ideas and notes of progress among road experts at such gatherings. In Europe, also, the excellence of roads has an important bearing in reference to tourist travel, a consideration of importance in its financial and other respects. The French Government, for instance, realizing that France is in danger of losing, if she has not already lost, her position as having the finest roads in Europe, is taking measures to regain and hold her superiority in this respect. The Romans built roads merely as a convenience in war, but modern European countries realize that good roads, by promoting friendly intercourse, are a means of peace. Among the problems the Congress left unsolved is as to who should pay for the necessary and inevitable increase in the cost of roads due to the greatly increased traffic of recent years. In Great Britain motorists alone are required to contribute to the upkeep of roads, while in some other countries the opinion is held that half the cost should be paid by the users of the road and the other half of the amount by the State from the proceeds of general taxes. Photographing Animals by Flashlight Science is hastening the day when all things that are hidden shall be revealed. The sensational newspapers have gone a long way in this direction, but not in a scientific spirit nor by scientific methods. The scientific record is dispassionately accurate; the yellow journal report is often boldly imaginative. The dictagraph is an invisible detective present at secret criminal conferences—a witness, so to speak, of transactions in which men sell their souls. The National Geographic Magazine," one of the most interesting publications of the higher class in this country, prints in a recent issue a series of extraordinary pictures of wild animals taken by themselves in the most inaccessible localities and under conditions which make photography as usually practiced impossible. Mr. George Shiras 3d, an accomplished naturalist who has rendered important service by legislation for the protection of wild animals and of birds, and an expert in hunting with the camera, has originated a method of night photography of wild animals. He sets cameras instead of traps in the woods, and the shy creatures, in their most unguarded moments, take their own photographs in all kinds of characteristic attitudes. Many of these animals are nocturnal in their habits; they are all shy, suspicious, and difficult to approach. Half a dozen pictures of a deer were taken by clearing a little space, near a lake, of alders and throwing some cabbage leaves and turnips on it; an empty, well-weathered box was then placed on a log and left until the deer fed around it without suspicion; a second hole was then cut in the box, a camera placed in it, and a string from the flashlight stretched across the feeding-place; a good picture was the immediate result, and several striking pictures were secured later, when not only the doe but the fawn were surprised by the sudden glare of light and photographed standing, alert and motionless, among the trees. Some of these photographs are very beautiful, and record, as they have never been recorded before, the mys tery and beauty of the woods at night. A Bar and Bottle Law The Bar and Bottle Law for Massachusetts went into effect May 1, 1911. It involves not merely the removal of the sale of liquor in quantity from saloons, but a reduction in the number of saloons in the State by about 250. There are to-day about 1,200 less counters where bottled goods can be bought. The immediate result of the enactment was, according to a well-informed correspondent, a substantial reduction in arrests for drunkenness nearly everywhere throughout the State. During the past few months arrests for drunkenness have gone up again. That this increase has little or no connection with the Bar and Bottle Law is shown by the fact that there is the same increase in Worcester, which has had the bar and bottle principle in force on a voluntary basis for many years. Improved conditions of employment are believed to have something to do with the increase. It was unwittingly stated by an attorney for distillers, at a recent hearing, that a large amount of low-grade whisky was being sent into Massachusetts, which would in itself be sufficient to account for the recent increase in drunkenness. The Bar and Bottle Law has, it is stated, eliminated women almost entirely from the saloons. They formerly went into them quite freely to buy liquor by the bottle or pitcher, though prevented by the police regulation from drinking at the bar. As a result of the law, social workers testify that there is less drinking in the homes. It has placed the saloon business in decidedly more responsible hands. Each saloon is more of a business, requires more capital, and the low-grade, incompetent man is edged out. This has meant the disappearance of a good many saloons which were centers of crime and the worst phases of political corruption. Our correspondent writes: There is every reason to believe that the change has substantially reduced the amount of liquor sold. Many saloons deprived of the bottle business are on the ragged edge financially. Large wholesalers, especially whisky dealers, have lost a considerable amount of business. The al olition of the growler' trade in the saloons has cut off a considerable market for the lower grades of beer. The distinctive point gained is that no longer can a bartender first get a man half A GREAT MERCHANT In the death last week of Robert C. Ogden at his summer home in Kennebunkport, Maine, the country loses one of its very great business men. The greater part of the welldeserved eulogies which will be paid to his memory, both on the platform and in the public press, will be devoted to his career as an educator and philanthropist. We wish to lay emphasis on his personality, principles, and success as a merchant. For merchandizing is one of the very greatest activities of American life—indeed, in the last analysis, all business, all teaching, all bookwriting, all newspaper editing, all railway operating, all college administration, is merchandizing. Mr. Ogden believed that the Golden Rule and the Ten Commandments are not " iridescent dreams," but are practically applicable to every-day business, and he put his belief into successful effect. About a year ago, at a dinner given in his honor by a group of three hundred business men in this city, Mr. Ogden said : "The time has passed when a single man alone in his office can settle what his workmen shall be paid for their labor. The workman has something to say about that. He is not always reasonable and just, but he has a voice in the question and must be heard. Has Labor any moral rights in a successful business over and above the market price of its service, which we assume has been paid? I believe it has such a righta moral equity in the net profits-and I do not believe that the full application of the Golden Rule will have been made until that obligation has been recognized and paid. How is this condition to be met? Simply by the conscience of the man or the men in control of the results. Let each participant have his bank book showing the amount to his credit, and let the money of each participant be subject to draft at a certain age." These are not the words of a theoretical sociologist or a professorial political economist. They were uttered by a man who had built up a very large business by first-class business energy and genius. Mr. Ogden began his business career at the age of fourteen in a dry-goods store in Philadelphia. Later he became a partner of John Wanamaker; and in 1896, when Mr. Wanamaker bought the building and business on Broadway originated by A. T. Stewart, Mr. Ogden came to New York as the managing partner of the New York division of the Wanamaker house. He was a man of many and engrossing occupations, both commercial and philanthropic, but his administrative genius gave him what to the ordinary observer appeared to be plenty of time to do his work. He was never flurried, excited, confused, or hasty. One of his associates on a missionary board says that he always appeared on the dot of the hour set for the meeting, and used to accept with a smile the apologies of some of the ministerial members who were habitually late because of "the overwhelming demands upon their time." Mr. Ogden was a trustee of Hampton Institute, of Union Theological Seminary, and of Tuskegee Institute. As a member of the General Education Board, the Southern Education Board, and as President of the Conference on Education in the South, he exerted an influence, which was as much personal as it was official, in the great educational movement which is to-day developing and promoting the best interests of the Southern States. His understanding of and sympathy with the people of the South and the herculean work which they have done in social and industrial development since the Civil War endeared him to Southern leaders of public opinion. There are few men of the day whose death will affect both North and South with so keen a sense of personal loss as does his death. Above all, his long and successful career as a merchant was a living refutation of the caveat emptor theory of business, and an inspiration to those who believe in the potential nobility of an industrial age. THE ART OF LIVING The telling of stories is not the highest of arts, but it will serve as a familiar illustration of the supreme art, the art of living. There are men who seem to have a genius for making an incident, however commonplace, effective in the telling. When such a man begins to speak the general talk ceases and the whole table listens. There are other men whose touch is fatal; the most dramatic happenings become prosaic in their hands, and when they take up the thread of talk a suppressed yawn becomes typical of the atti The con tude of the listeners. Those who were fortunate enough to hear Robert Louis Stevenson talk will never forget the excitement of imagination which made listening an adventure. It was not only vividness of temperament, individual diction, the play of a capricious and iridescent fancy, that gave the talk distinction and a certain compelling intensity; it was also selection and shading. versational bore is known even more by the absence of these qualities than by the pervasive dullness of his mind. He omits nothing, and he gives every detail the same value. If he happens to have an interesting incident, he smothers it in unimportant circumstances, and rolls the story out so flat that it has neither cumulation of interest nor climax. It is like a straight, dusty, unshaded road across a stretch of flat country. The effective story-teller is an artist; he knows what to omit and where to put the emphasis. It was said of a very loquacious but very dull man that he sometimes put himself to sleep by talking; and Mr. Balfour is reported to have said to an admiring friend who asked him with anxiety if it could be true that he had yawned while he was speaking in the House of Commons the previous evening, “Dear Lady ———, you did not hear the speech." If this bit of pleasantry does not belong in the Apocrypha of public men which the newspapers write from day to day, the ex-Premier did himself grave injustice; for while Mr. Balfour does not always convince, he never fails to interest, because he knows what to omit, and he is an artist in his mastering of shading. He knows what to pass over lightly and what to emphasize with full weight of speech. The Friends sometimes speak of a man as a weighty speaker;" they do not mean a heavy speaker, but a speaker whose words have the authority which flows from force of character, of vigor of intellect. That which makes some voluble statesmen so tiresome is the even distribution of emphasis on every sentence; the speech is an exhibition of vocal power which neither imparts knowledge nor gives pleasure. A United States Senator, now dead, who had remarkable powers of endurance as an orator, was once asked by a fellow-Senator, in an hour of relaxation, how long he could speak if he had unlimited time. "Well," was the prompt reply, "if I were speaking on a subject in which I was not interested and about which I knew nothing, I do not believe I could speak longer than two days." This power of utterance is purely muscular; it is attained by giving all possible details and giving them all equal prominence. Many people never learn the art of living, because they never see the relative importance of duties, opportunities, and interests, and never discriminate between the things on which they ought to throw the full weight of their energy and those which they ought to touch lightly in passing. In an age of intense activity and of many devices for the distribution of work, those who have discovered that living may be either a halfmastered business or an art soon learn to concentrate interest and work in a few lines, and to deal with the interests to which they commit themselves, not as hired servants, but as masters of their time and strength. The fanatic sees but one thing in the world, and never for a moment lets his eye rest on any other object or lightens the pressure of his will. He is almost always honest; he is rarely charitable; and he never sees beyond the horizon of the particular movement in which he is interested. He arrests attention, but men of larger vision, with a broader and more human outlook, accomplish the purpose which tyrannizes over him, and which always appears in the end as part of a wider movement. As a result of his lack of the sense of relative values, the fanatic often puts back the cause he espouses; he is always for mending the bulge in the kettle by one smashing blow, to recall Spencer's illustration-forgetting that if the kettle is not to be destroyed the bulge must be reduced by a thousand lighter blows distributed over a broad surface. Fanaticism is a form of gigantic egotism; it insists on substituting its own valuation for the valuation of Providence, and violating the natural order by forcibly pushing one interest ahead of other interests of equal and sometimes of greater value. It has been the source of some of the most destructive reactionary movements in history. The results of seeing things out of perspective and of losing the sense of relative values are not always tragic, but they are always wasteful of time and strength, and they destroy the symmetry of living. At a time when many interests appeal to men or women it is easy to dissipate one's vitality and waste one's influence. It is so easy to know a little of everything that many people know nothing thoroughly. They become eclectics in religion, and their spiritual energy evaporates in a vague interest in the gossip, |
