what others think us to be. 16. Gyges was seen by no one, but he himself saw all things.

17.

Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!

Cicero.

Let the dead Past bury its dead!— Longfellow.

18. Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners. -1 Cor. xv. 33. 19. Ground-glass globes are made by forcing a jet of sand against the glass. 20. If you would do what you should not, you must bear what you would not.

21.

- Franklin.

New laws from him who reigns new minds may raise

In us who serve. - Milton.

22. A good name is worth gold. - Shak.

23. The tutor breakfasts on coffee made of beans, edulcorated with milk watered to the verge of transparency. - Holmes.

24.

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is

To have a thankless child. · Shak.

25. Any coward can fight a battle when he's sure of winning; but give me the man who has pluck to fight when he's sure of losing. - George Eliot. 26. A ruler who appoints any man to an office, when there is in his dominion another man better qualified for it, sins against God and against the state.

27.

Koran.

Then with eyes that saw not, I kissed her;

And she, kissing back, could not know

That my kiss was given to her sister,

Folded close under deepening snow. - Lowell.

28. The French National Convention, which assembled at Paris in 1792, decreed that royalty was abolished in France, and thereafter time, instead of being reckoned from the birth of the Savior, should be reckoned from the 22d of September, 1792, the birthday of the French

Republic. 29. The cynic who twitted Aristippus by observing that the philosopher who could dine on herbs might despise the company of a king, was well replied to by Aristippus when he said that the philosopher who could enjoy the company of a king might also despise a dinner of herbs.

30. New occasions teach new duties; Time makes ancient good uncouth;

They must upward still and onward, who would keep abreast of
Truth. Lowell.

What punctuation marks are used in the foregoing sentences? Why are they used? What is a substance? Hydrogen? What are "night's candles"? What is tin? Solder? Do you agree with Herodotus (11)? Why is the ocean blue? Who was Gyges? What are groundglass globes used for? What is the meaning of "edulco"Transparency"? "Dominion"?

rated"? "Verge "?

Where is Paris? Who was Aristippus? What do you know of the authors of the foregoing sentences?

How are sentences classified?

sentences classified as to form?

How are the elements of As to use?

As to use? What parts

of speech may be used as subjects? To what part of speech does the predicate belong? What parts of speech may be used as modifying elements? As connecting elements? What words are independent elements? What is a verb of incomplete predication? What parts of speech are used as complements of predicates? As objects? How many kinds of objects may verbs have? How do they differ? What parts of speech may modify nouns? Verbs? Adjectives? Adverbs? Verbals? How may phrases be used? By what part of speech are phrases

introduced? How may clauses be used? What parts of speech may be introduced to introduce clauses? How are unabridged clauses and abridged clauses distinguished? How may nouns and pronouns be used in sentences? Illustrate. Adjectives? Illustrate. Adverbs? Illustrate.

USE OF WORDS

285. Ideas are expressed by words. Most persons have learned their native tongue largely by imitation, and make little if any conscious effort to select the fittest words in which to express their ideas. If one has listened to the conversation of cultured persons and has read well-written books, he has probably acquired a good vocabulary which he can use with readiness and accuracy.

286. If a word is to become a part of one's vocabulary, it should be in good general use at the present time. The meaning given to each word should be sanctioned by good usage, and only such words should be selected as will exactly express the meaning intended.

Rules for selecting Words

287. In the selection of words, the following rules should be observed:

1. Use words in their proper sense.

When you are in doubt about the meaning of a word, look for it in the dictionary. Read the sentence given in the dictionary to illustrate its use, as well as the definition. (287, 11.) Do not attempt to use a word the meaning of which you do not know.

WORDS FREQUENTLY MISUSED

Above, for more than; as, "Above a hundred." words" should probably be "The foregoing words.") Accord, for grant; as, “He accorded me the privilege." Aggravate, for provoke or irritate.

Alone, for only; as, "By man alone.”

Allow, for say, assert, or intend.

Apt, for likely or liable; as, "It will be apt to rain."

("The above

Awful or awfully, for exceedingly, very; awful, for ugly, disagreeable,

Couple, for two; as, "I have a couple of dollars."

Every, as in "every praise."

Except or without, for unless; as, "I will not go, except you go."
Expect, for suppose or think; as, “I expect it rained last night.”
Female, for woman.

Get, for have. (Get implies exertion.)

Grow, for become; as, "It grows smaller every day."

In respect of, for in respect to.

Locate, for place.

Partially, for partly.

Plenty, for plentiful; as, "Fruit is plenty this year."

Quantity, for number.

Recollect, for remember. (When we do not remember, we try to recollect.)

Remit, for send; as, "Remit the money."

Some, for somewhat; as, "He is some better."

Tell apart, for distinguish; as, "I could not tell them apart."
Tough, for hard, severe; as, "A tough problem."

winter."

Try, for make; as, "Try the experiment."

LYTE'S ADV. GR. AND COMP. — 7

“A_tough

་ ..

2. In ordinary speaking and writing, give persons and things their plain names.

When you can choose between a long word and a short one, always take the short word. Which shall we say "We went home," or "We proceeded to our residence"? "He was thanked," or "He was the recipient of grateful acknowledgments"?

Concrete terms produce more vivid impressions than abstract ones. 3. In choosing between words that have nearly the same meaning, select the fittest word.

Words that have the same or nearly the same meaning, are called synonyms. Usually, synonyms have the same general meaning, with shades of difference; as, answer and reply, robber and thief.

Be especially careful in the choice of adjectives. Do not speak of a "nice" beefsteak, a "nice" morning, a "nice" companion, etc. Do not call Niagara Falls "lovely " or "pretty." Remember that a spider

is not the "awfulest creature you have ever seen."

are

4. Avoid expressions not in good use.

Among these

After a bit, a long mile, another one, both alike, by good rights, clear out (for go away), cracked up (for praised), done up brown, flustrated, for good and all, have got to go, never let on, noways, head over heels, off of (for off), says I, thinks I, etc.

To this list may also be added slang words and phrases, "words " that are not words, tautological expressions, obsolete words, etc. (See 5, 6, 7.)

5. Do not use slang words or phrases.

Slang phrases are vulgar. It is said by some that an idea or a thought is sometimes better expressed by a slang phrase than in any other way. If this is true, it is probable that the idea or thought should be unexpressed.

6. Do not use "words" that are not words.

A word must be in good general use before we are allowed to employ it in composition.